MOBILE CHARGING SYSTEM USING RADIO FREQUENCY ENERGY

HARVESTING
Abstract - Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting is an 2. DESCRIPTION
idea whose time has come. RF energy is everywhere.
We are presenting a prototype for wireless charging system DICKSON CHARGE PUMP
for mobile. This wireless battery charger is expected to
eliminate all the hassles with today’s battery technology. It Charge pumps are the circuit that generates a voltage
would be convenient not having to worry about charging or larger than the supply voltage from which they operate.
changing the batteries and still have a working device. The To see how this is possible, consider the simple circuit
advantage of this device is that it can wirelessly charge up consisting of a single capacitor and three switches in Fig
the batteries which can save time and money in a long 2.
run for the general public.

Key Words - mobile phone, wireless battery charger,

RF energy, RF Harvesting, batteries.

1. INTRODUCTION

We are being surrounded with Radio Frequency energy Fig 2 Simple Voltage Multiplier
which is emitted by sources that generate high
electromagnetic fields such as TV signals, wireless radio During clock phase Φ, switches S1 and S3 are closed and
networks and cell phone towers. Today there are over capacitor is charged to a supply voltage, VDD. Next
billion cell phones, thousands radio stations and TV switch S2 is closed and the bottom plate of the
stations, and countless home Wi-Fi system radiating RF capacitor assumes a potential VDD, while capacitor
energy into the atmosphere. maintains its charge of VDD*C from the previous phase.
This means that during phase Φ
Using the available Radio Frequency waves we are going
to charge up the cell phone batteries without any external (Vout-VDD).C = VDD.C Vout = 2.VDD
power source but with RF energy. The Fig 1 Block diagram
shows how we have implemented the battery Thus in the absence of dc load, an output voltage has
management and wireless charging circuit process. been generated that is twice the supply voltage.

VOLAGE REGULATOR

The MC34063 is a monolithic switching regulator

subsystem intended for use as dc-dc converters. This
device represents a significant advancement in the ease
of implementing highly efficient and yet simple switching
power supplies. The use of switching regulators is
becoming more pronounced over that of linear
regulators because of size reduction in new equipment
design require greater conversion efficiency. Another
Fig 1 Block diagram of Wireless mobile charger major advantage is that it has increased application
flexibility of output voltage.
The output can be less than, greater than, or of opposite Secondary batteries are not indefinitely rechargeable
polarity to that of the input voltage. due to dissipation of the active materials, loss of
electrolyte and internal corrosion.
ATMEL MICROCONTROLLER
SCHOTTKY BARRIER RECTIFIERS
The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-
bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of In- System
This series employs the Schottky Barrier principle in a
Programmable Flash memory. The device is
large area metal-to-silicon power diode. State of-the-art
manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile
geometry features chrome barrier metal, epitaxial
memory technology and is compatible with the industry-
construction with oxide passivation and metal overlap
standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip
contact. Ideally suited for use as rectifiers in low-voltage,
Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-
high-frequency inverters, freewheeling diodes, and
system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
polarity protection diodes.
programmer.
VOLTAGE SENSING CIRCUIT
By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with In-System
Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a A voltage sensor circuit is a circuit that can sense the
highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many voltage input into it. If the voltage reaches a certain
embedded control applications. threshold, then an indicator, such as an LED, will turn
on. This is a voltage sensor circuit, where if in voltage
reaches threshold point, then the output will turn on.
ADC
And we can build a voltage sensor circuit, simply with a
voltage comparator chip or an op amp that can function
The ADC0804 is CMOS 8-bit successive approximation
as a voltage comparator. A voltage comparator chip is a
A/D converter that uses a differential potentiometric
chip that contains one or more op amps. Using a single
ladder —similar to the 256R products. These converters
op-amp, we can determine a threshold level for voltage.
are designed to allow operation with the NSC800 and
An op-amp has two inputs and one output. The two
INS8080A derivative control bus with TRI-STATE output
inputs are the non-inverting input and the inverting
latches directly driving the data bus. These A/Ds appear
input. Into the inverting input, we place the reference
like memory locations or I/O ports to the microprocessor
voltage or the threshold voltage. If the voltage at the
and no interfacing logic is needed.
non-inverting terminal reaches or goes above this level,
the output will turn on.
Differential analog voltage inputs allow increasing the
common-mode rejection and offsetting the analog zero Therefore, once we feed a certain level of voltage into the
input voltage value. In addition, the voltage reference input inverting terminal, if the voltage at the non- inverting
can be adjusted to allow encoding any smaller analog terminal goes above, an output, such as an LED, will light
voltage span to the full 8 bits of resolution. up. This is how we can know that the voltage is above the
threshold point.
BATTERY
3. ADVANTAGES
Batteries are classified into two broad categories, each
type with advantages and disadvantages. Primary
batteries irreversible (within limits of practically)  Utilizing energy (RF) that is free of cost and
abundant in nature.
transform chemical energy to electrical energy.
When the initial supply of reactants is exhausted, energy  RF energy is available 24*7, unlike solar
cannot be readily restored to the battery by electrical energy that is available only during day light and
means. dependent much on cloud and shade.
 Use of separate chargers is eliminated.
Secondary batteries can be recharged: they can have their  Electricity is saved.
chemical reactions reversed by supplying electrical energy  The phone can be charged anywhere anytime.
to the cell, restoring their original composition. Some  Lower risk of electrical shock because there
types of primary batteries used for example for telegraph are no exposed conductors.
circuits, were restored to operation by replacing the
components of the battery consumed by the chemical
reaction.
4. CONCLUSION

Accordingly this paper effectively shows the idea of

charging the mobile phones in on the go manner without
the use of wired chargers. This idea of wireless charging
will create a great comfort for the mobile telephone users
as it does not require special external power source
other than the radio frequency waves which is available in
the atmosphere in abundant.

The future scope of this paper is that whole idea can be

implemented inside mobile phones by designing all
required circuit inside a single IC.

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