QUESTION 1

Car Ownership Satisfaction

Japan (N.S.)
Malaysia (S) Malaysia (S)
5% 12%
Malaysia (N.S.)
Japan (S)
28% Malaysia (N.S.) Europe (S)
22%
Europe (N.S.)

Japan (S)
Europe (N.S.)
13% Europe (S)
20% Japan (N.S.)

Figure 1: Pie chart represent the car manufacturer country and satisfaction result.

d.

Car Ownership Satisfaction

30 28
Satisfaction Result (Percentage)

25
22
20
20

15 14
12
10

5
5

0
Malaysia Europe Japan

Car Manufacturer Country

Satisfied Not satisfied

Figure 2: Bar chart of the car ownership satisfaction results based on car manufacturer
country.

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e. The highest satisfaction between three countries is Japan, the lowest satisfaction is also
country Japan.
QUESTION 2
a. Number of classes
K = 1 + 3.3 log n
K = 1 + 3.3 log30
K = 5.87

Range Largest Number - Lowest Number

Class Width = =
Number of classes K

40.2 - 22.8
Class Width =
5
Class Width = 3.48

b. Frequency distribution
Class Frequency (f) Tally
22.8 – 25.8 3 III
25.9 – 28.9 12 IIII
IIII
II
29.0 – 32.0 6 IIII
I
32.1 – 35.1 5 IIII
35.2 – 38.2 3 III
38.3 – 41.3 1 I
Total 30

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c. Relative frequency
Frequency (f) Relative frequency (%)
3 3
× 100 = 10
30
12 12
×100 = 40
30
6 6
×100 = 20
30
5 5
×100 = 17
30
3 3
×100 = 10
30
1 1
×100 = 3
30

d. There are 17 of students who are able to answer the quiz not more than 29.7 minutes.
Therefore:
17
× 100 = 57%
30

e. Histogram and frequency polygon

Class Lower boundary Upper boundary Frequency
22.8 - 25.8 19.7 + 22.8 25.8 + 25.9 3
= 21.25 = 25.85
2 2
25.9 – 28.9 25.8 + 25.9 28.9 + 29.0 12
= 25.85 = 28.95
2 2
29.0 – 32.0 28.9 + 29.0 32.0 + 32.1 6
= 28.95 = 32.05
2 2
32.1 – 35.1 32.0 + 32.1 35.1 + 35.2 5
= 32.05 = 35.15
2 2
35.2 – 38.2 35.1 + 35.2 38.2 + 38.3 3
= 35.15 = 38.25
2 2
38.3 – 41.3 38.2 + 38.3 41.3 + 41.4 1
= 38.25 = 41.35
2 2

3
 The Record of Time Taken
14

12

10

8
Frequency

0
22.8 - 25.8 25.9 - 28.9 29.0 - 32.0 32.1 - 35.1 35.2 - 38.2 38.3 - 41.3

Class

Figure 3: The histogram of the time record taken by the students.

Class Class midpoint (x) Frequency (f)

22.8 - 25.8 22.8 + 25.8 3
= 24.3
2
25.9 – 28.9 25.9 + 28.9 12
= 27.4
2
29.0 – 32.0 29.0 + 32.0 6
= 30.5
2
32.1 – 35.1 32.1 + 35.1 5
= 33.6
2
35.2 – 38.2 35.2 + 38.2 3
= 36.7
2
38.3 – 41.3 38.3 + 41.3 1
= 39.8
2

4
 The Record of Time Taken
14

12

10
Frequency

0
18.2 24.3 27.4 30.5 33.6 36.7 39.8 42.85
Midpoint

Figure 4: The frequency polygon of the time record taken by the students.

f. According to the graphical above, this is a positively skewed because it is skewed to the
right side. In this case, mean and median will be greater than mode.

f. i. Pearson’s first coefficient of skewness

(Mean - Mode) ( x́ - x^ )
PCS ( 1 ) = =
Standard Deviation s
3.72 - 3.70
PCS ( 1 ) =
0.331
PCS ( 1 ) = 0.0604

f. ii. Pearson’s second coefficient of skewness

3 (Mean - Median) 3 ( x´ - ~
x)
PCS ( 2 ) = =
Standard Deviation s
3 (3.72 - 3.73)
PCS ( 2 ) =
0.331
PCS ( 2 ) = 22.45

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QUESTION 3

i. Mean
x 1 + x 2 +…+ x n
x́ =
n
93.09
x́ =
25
x́ = 3.72

ii. Mode
The data should be arranged in ascending (or descending) order. The mode will be the
observation which occurs most frequently.

3.57, 3.64, 3.64, 3.65, 3.66, 3.67, 3.67, 3.68, 3.70, 3.70, 3.70, 3.73, 3.73, 3.74, 3.74, 3.74,
3.75, 3.76, 3.77, 3.78, 3.78, 3.80, 3.80, 3.83, 3.86

Since number 3.70 and 3.74 occurs three times (the highest frequency), the mode is 3.70 and
3.74.

iii. Median
~ 1
x = (n+1)
2
~ 1
x = (25+1)
2
~
x = 13

3.57, 3.64, 3.64, 3.65, 3.66, 3.67, 3.67, 3.68, 3.70, 3.70, 3.70, 3.73, 3.73, 3.74, 3.74, 3.74,
3.75, 3.76, 3.77, 3.78, 3.78, 3.80, 3.80, 3.83, 3.86

The median is 3.73

iv. Standard Deviation

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 n

s =
√ ∑ ( x i - x́ )2
i =1
n - 1

x x−x́ ( x−x ̅ )2
3.80 3.80 – 3.72 = 0.08 (0.08)2 = 0.0064
3.86 3.86 – 3.72 = 0.14 (0.14)2 = 0.0196
3.83 3.83 – 3.72 = 0.11 (0.11)2 = 0.0121
3.78 3.78 – 3.72 = 0.06 (0.06)2 = 0.0036
3.75 3.75 – 3.72 = 0.03 (0.03)2 = 0.0009
3.77 3.77 – 3.72 = 0.05 (0.05)2 = 0.0025
3.76 3.76 - 3.72 = 0.04 (0.04)2 = 0.0016
3.70 3.70 – 3.72 = - 0.02 (-0.02)2 = 0.0004
3.74 3.74 – 3.72 = 0.02 (0.02)2 = 0.0004
3.64 3.64 – 3.72 = - 0.08 (-0.08)2 = 0.0064
3.70 3.70 – 3.72 = - 0.02 (-0.02)2 = 0.0004
3.68 3.68 – 3.72 = -0.04 (-0.04)2 = 0.0016
3.80 3.80 – 3.72 = 0.08 (0.08)2 = 0.0064
3.73 3.73 – 3.72 = 0.01 (0.01)2 = 0.0001
3.78 3.78 – 3.72 = 0.06 (0.06)2 = 0.0036
3.74 3.74 – 3.72 = 0.02 (0.02)2 = 0.0004
3.67 3.67 – 3.72 = - 0.05 (-0.05)2 = 0.0025
3.74 3.74 – 3.72 = 0.02 (0.02)2 = 0.0004
3.65 3.65 – 3.72 = -0.07 (-0.07)2 = 0.0049
3.73 3.73 – 3.72 = 0.01 (0.01)2 = 0.0001
3.70 3.70 – 3.72 = -0.02 (-0.02)2 = 0.0004
3.57 3.57 – 3.72 = - 0.15 (-0.15)2 = 0.0225
3.67 3.67 – 3.72 = -0.05 (-0.05)2 = 0.0025
3.66 3.66 – 3.72 = -0.06 (-0.06)2 = 0.0036
3.64 3.64 – 3.72 = - 0.08 (-0.08)2 = 0.0064

Sum: 93.09 Total : 0.1097

93.09 2
(x - x́ ) 0.1097
x́ = = 3.72 = = 0.0046
25 n - 1 25-1
The standard deviation of the sample, s = √ 0.1097 = 0.331

v. Variance
Variance

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=
(3.80−3.72)2 +( 3.86−3.72)2+(3.83−3.72)2 +(3.78−3.72)2+(3.75−3.72)2 +(3.77−3.72)2 +(3.76−3.72)2 +(3.7

¿( 0.08)2 +(0.14)2 +(0.11)2 +(0.06)2+(0.03)2+(0.05)2 +(0.04 )2+(−0.02)2+(0.02)2+(−0.08)2 +(−0.02)2 +(−0.04

¿( 0.08)+0.28+ 0.22+0.12+0.06+0.1+0.08+ (−0.04 ) + 0.04+ (−0.16 )+ (−0.04 ) +0.04 + (−0.16 ) + (−0.04 ) + (−0.0

= 0.18

So the Variance = 0.18 ÷ 25 = 0.0072

vi. Interquartile range

IQR = ⃒ Q 3 - Q 1 ⃒
IQR
Q =
2
1
Q1 = ( 25 + 1 ) = 6.5
4
3
Q3 = ( 25+1 ) = 19.5
4

3.57, 3.64, 3.64, 3.65, 3.66, 3.67, 3.67, 3.68, 3.70, 3.70, 3.70, 3.73, 3.73, 3.74, 3.74, 3.74,
3.75, 3.76, 3.77, 3.78, 3.78, 3.80, 3.80, 3.83, 3.86

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Q 1 = 3.67 + 0.25 ( 3.67 - 3.67 )

Q 1 = 3.67

Q 3 = 3.77 + 0.75 (3.78 - 3.77)

Q 3 = 3.78

IQR = Q3 - Q 1

IQR = 3.78 - 3.67

IQR = 0.11