PROBLEM SOLVING

METHOD Presented by:

Jalpa G Patel
01/08/17 Problem solving
F.Y.M.Sc Nursing
1
 INTRODUCTION

• Problem solving is an instructional method

or technique where by the teacher and
pupils attempt in a conscious, planned and
purposeful effort to arrive of some
explanation or solution to some
educationally significant difficulty for the
purpose of finding a solution.

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 Students are presented with problems
which require them to find either a
scientific or technological solution.
It is a student-centered strategy which
require students to become active
participants in the learning process.

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 What is problem-solving?

Problem solving
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  Problem solving is a teaching
strategy that employs the
scientific method in searching for
information.
Problem solving: arriving at
decisions based prior knowledge
and reasoning.

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 • DEFINITION
• A systematic approach to defining the
problem and creating a vast number of
possible solutions without judging these
solution.
• “Problem solving is a cognitive processing
directed at achieving a goal where no
solution method is obvious to the problem
solver”.
• Yokam & Simpson define it as “A problem
occurs in a situation in which a felt difficulty
to act is realized. It is a difficult to clearly
01/08/17 present and recognized by thinker” 6
Problem solving
 • According to Gates “ A problem exists for an
individual when he has a definite goal he
can not reach by the behaviour pattern
which he already has available”
• According to skinner, Problem solving is a
process of overcoming difficulties that
appears to interfere. In a problem solving
the entire subject matter is organized in
such a manner that it can be dealt with
through the problems identified during the
study.
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 SKINNER
• The problem solving
is a process of
overcoming
difficulties that
appears to interfere
with the attainment
of goal. It is a
procedure of making
adjustment in spite of
interferences.

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 • PURPOSE
• Train the students in the act of
reasoning.
• Gain and improve the knowledge
• Solve puzzling question
• Overcome the obstacles in the
attainment of objectives.

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 STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING

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 1. Formation and appreciation of problem
The nature of the problem should be made
very clear to the students so that they can
understand the actual solution for the
problem.

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 2. Collection of relevant data and
information
• The students should be stimulated to
collect data in a systematic manner full co-
operation of the students should be
secured. The teacher may suggest many
points to them. Like extra books for read,
organise a few educational trips together
the relevant information.

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 3. Organization of data
• The students should be asked to sift the
relevant material from the superficial one
put in a scientific way.

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 4. Drawing of conclusion
• After the organizing data discussions
should be arranged collectively and
individual with each student so that
essential thing is done by the students
themselves and that their educative
process provides the particular solutions.
“Care should be taken that judgement is
made only when sufficient data is
collected.”

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 5. Testing conclusion
• No conclusion should be accepted without
being properly verified. The corrections of
the conclusion must be proved.

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 Problem-solving Skills

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 Clarify what the
problem is about

Brainstorm Clarify what the

out ideas problem is about

Plan out what

you are going to do

Try another Try out

YES
plan your plan

Does it solve
the problem?

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NO 17
Problem solving
 ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE
PROBLEM
• The problem should be meaningful,
interesting, and worthwhile for children.
• It should have some correlation with life.
• It should have some correlation with other
subjects if possible.
• It should arise out of the real needs of the
students.

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 • The problem should be clearly defined.
• The solution of problem should be
found out by the student themselves
working under the guidance and
supervision of the teacher.

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 MAJOR APPROACHES IN THE
PROBLEM SOLVING

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Problem solving
 TEACHER ROLE IN PROBLEM
SOLVING
• The students to define the problem clearly.
 Got them to make many suggestions by
encouraging them:
• To analyse the situation in parts
• To recall previously known similar cases
and general rules that apply
• To guess courageously and formulate
guesses clearly.
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  Get them to evaluate each suggestion
carefully by encouraging them:
• To maintain a state of doubt or suspended
conclusion
• To criticize the suggestion by appeal to
know facts , minister and experiment
 Get them to organize the material by
proceeding:
• To build on outline on the board
• To use diagrams and graphs
• To formulate concise statement of the net
out come of discussion
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Problem solving
 • “A teacher who has a ability to see problem
clearly, the power of analyse with a keen
observation and the faculty to synthesize
and draw conclusion with an uncanny
accuracy.”

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 USES OF PROBLEM SOLVING IN
NURSING
• Develop ability to analyse the problem and
to take proper judgement/solution in the
critical condition that encounter in the
clinical setting.
• Problem solving method also helps the
students to solve this problem in real life
situation without much stress.

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 • It helps the student to solve the similar
problem in future with confidence.
• It develops critical thinking of pupil.
• In the class/group it will develop mutual
understanding among the group members.
• It helps the care giver/nurse to develop a
skill to help the pt.
• Develop ability in nurse to select the
problem solving strategy according to pt’s
abilities and life style

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 ADVANTAGES

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 1. This approach is most effective in
developing skill in employing the
science processes.
2. The scientific method can likewise
be used effectively in other non-
science subjects. It is a general
procedure in finding solutions to
daily occurrences that urgently
need to be addressed.

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 3. The student’s active involvement
resulting in meaningful experiences
serves as a strong motivation to follow
the scientific procedure in future
undertakings.
4. Problem-solving develops higher level
thinking skills.
5. A keen sense of responsibility,
originality and resourcefulness are
developed, which are much-needed
ingredients for independent study.
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 6. The students become appreciative
and grateful for the achievement of
scientists.
7. Critical thinking, open-mindedness
and wise judgment are among
scientific attitudes and values
inculcated through competence in
the scientific method.
8. The students learn to accept the
opinions and evidence shared by
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others. Problem solving
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 Disadvantages :
• Generally speaking problem – solving
involves mental activity only.
• Small children do not posses
sufficient background information &
therefore they fail to participation in
discussion.
• Students may not have adequate
reference and sources books.
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  It involves lot of times.
 It need very capable teacher to
provide effective guidance and
knowledge to students.
 It is a time consuming process, teacher
may find it difficult to complete the
syllabus

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