I. IDENTIFICATION 45. False.

Essentially gratuitous
46. False. Must be with debtor’s consent
1. Cause of Action/Vinculum except if payor is guarantor or surety
juris/Juridical tie 47. False. Cession
2. Legal Personality 48. False. Delegacion
3. Legal Capacity 49. False. Not a contractual but quasi-
4. Law contract
5. Accesions 50. False. Estoppel rule
6. Accessories
7. Delay/Default IV. Multiple Choice. OBLIGATIONS
8. Fortuitous Event 51. C. Culpa Criminal
9. Culpa contractual/Quasi-delict 52. C. Source of liability to pay damages
10. Dolo incidente/Fraud in the 53. False: Ask a third party/substituted
performance performance
11. Legal Tender False: Specific Performance
12. Indivisibility of performance 54. D
13. Dacion en pago 55. A
14. Consignation 56. C. Payment for injury is A
15. Unjust Enrichment 57. D. Example, THAT CAR is a generic
16. Confusion/Merger of Rights object becoming specific when
17. Compensation/Set-off separated
18. Condonation/Remission 58. True. True.
19. Expromission 59. B
20. Prescription 60. D
II. KINDS OF OBLIGATIONS 61. False: Joint Obligations
21. A. Natural Obligation; B. Civil False: Object is for indivisibility. Subject for
Obligation; C. Mixed Obligation solidarity
22. A. Civil Obligation; B. Commercial 62. False: Obligation is now demandable
Obligation False: Potestative suspensive debtor’s will
23. A. Pure/Unconditional Obligation; B. obligation is void
Conditional Obligation; C. Obligation 63. False: Can change the period but
with a period with notice to the court
24. A. Pure Obligation; B. Obligation with False: Death next year is a condition
resolutory condition 64. B. Potestative suspensive debtor’s
25. A. Unilateral Obligation; B. Joint will  void)
Obligation; C. Solidary Obligation 65. D
26. A. Simple/Individual Obligation; B. 66. C. Potestaive suspensive debtor’s will
Compound Obligation; C. Alternative  void)
Obligation D. Facultative obligation 67. A. Joint obligation. 6,000 / 3 / 2 =
27. A. Real Obligation; B. Solidary 1,000
Obligation 68. D
28. A. Divisible Obligation; B. Indivisible 69. D. Joint obligation. 90,000 / 3 / 3 =
Obligation (GR: All Obligations are 10,000
Indivisible; XPN: Stipulation by 70. False: Valid if resolutory
parties to be divisible) False: Original valid obligation will subsist
29. A. Legal Obligation; B. Conventional 71. A. If in bad faith, answer is C
Obligation 72. False: Creditor/3rd Party
30. A. Principal Obligation; B. Accessory False: As a rule, not always
Obligation 73. C. Substituted performance
III. TRUE OR FALSE 74. C. Because fault of creditor that’s
31. False. Not presumed unlike why debtor cannot choose
contractual 75. A. In B,C & D, debtor is partly at fault
32. True. 76. False: Obligations with penal clause
33. False. Only 1 of the objects False: Facultative obligation
34. True 77. A
35. False. Always debtor’s choice 78. D
36. False. Criminal plus civil not vice 79. A. Because debtor did not promise it
versa 80. C. Because not fault of debtor, if with
37. False. As a rule, not always fault substituted not allowed
38. False. From time obligation to deliver 81. D. No more additional damages here
arises unless gross negligence
39. False. Happening of event will 82. C
extinguish the obligation 83. C. If choice belongs to the debtor,
40. True. answer is D
41. False. If future negligence, valid 84. C. If debtor’s choice in alternative
42. False. Both debtor and creditor obligation as long as 1 object remains
43. True. But court must fix the period he can choose it & he cannot be
44. False. Not presumed liable for damages
85. B. Because solidary obligations & 112. C
debtors are at fault after demand has 113. False: Allowed to agree; True:
made Solutio indebiti
86. A. Religious obligation 114. C. Accessory Obligations follows the
87. D. Not to do an impossible land principal obligation
88. True: Resolutory period 115. False: Novation since purpose is to
True: 1 object only change not to pay
89. A. Divide  Creditor’s side only. True: No effect the new obligation
Passive solidarity / 90,000 / 3 = will subsist
30,000 but any debtor can be 116. False: Unless obligation is
required to pay in full impossible to perform
90. False: Prejudicial act requires False: Debtor’s acceptance is
consent of other creditor required
True 117. False: Fault of the Debtor
91. True False: Not presumed
False: Solidarity for subject, 118. D. No 3rd person involved here unlike
Indivisibility for object in A, B or C
92. False: Guarantor can avail of 119. D. Fault of the debtor
compensation unlike is confusion 120. C
wherein principal parties only are
involved not 3rd party like a guarantor
True: valid but voidable contract due
to vitiated consent
93. D
94. C
95. D. Because with consent of the other
creditor
96. C. Dacion  1 debtor : 1 Creditor;
Cession  1 debtor : 2 or more
creditors
97. B. Because without other creditor’s
consent
98. C. Not legal tender unlike cash
99. C. Financial/Actual loss requires
proof/accounting)
100. D. Primary mode
a. Payment/Performance
b. Loss of the object
c. Condonation
d. Confusion/Merger of Rights
e. Compensation/Set-off
f. Novation
101. True
False: Not necessary to prove
damages here
102. C. Mutuum or simple loan has
debtor-creditor relationship unlike in A,
B&D
103. False: Checks are not legal tender
False: Exchange rate time of
payment unless stipulated
104. A. If changing the debtor  B or C
105. C. Not extinguished, because
creditor should be the one to withdraw
106. False: Fix the period first
False: Allowed in conventional
compensation even different objects are
due
107. False: Illegal obligation
False: Void, Inexistent object
108. A. Should be claims versus the
estate not versus the heirs
109. B. Delegacion was done in good
faith so effect is like expromission, old
obligation will not be revived
110. A. Active solidarity. Divide side of
debtor, P1,000,000 / 2
111. D. 1 sided compensation only