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Influence Line PDF

The document discusses the Müller-Breslau principle for constructing influence lines for internal forces in structures. It explains that the principle uses Betti's law of virtual work, involving applying a unit load or displacement in one system and comparing the work done to a second system. The deflected shape in the second system represents the influence line for the internal force of interest. An example shows constructing influence lines for the shear force, bending moment, and reaction at supports of a beam using this process.

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209 views4 pages

Influence Line PDF

The document discusses the Müller-Breslau principle for constructing influence lines for internal forces in structures. It explains that the principle uses Betti's law of virtual work, involving applying a unit load or displacement in one system and comparing the work done to a second system. The deflected shape in the second system represents the influence line for the internal force of interest. An example shows constructing influence lines for the shear force, bending moment, and reaction at supports of a beam using this process.

Uploaded by

pronab kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 6 : Influence Lines

Lecture 5 : Müller-Breslau Principle


Objectives
In this course you will learn the following

The Müller-Breslau principle for influence lines.

Derivation of the principle for different types of internal forces.

Example of application of this principle.

6.5 Müller-Breslau Principle

The Müller-Breslau principle uses Betti's law of virtual work to construct influence lines. To illustrate the
method let us consider a structure AB (Figure 6.7a). Let us apply a unit downward force at a distance x
from A , at point C . Let us assume that it creates the vertical reactions and at supports A and B ,
respectively (Figure 6.7b). Let us call this condition “System 1.” In “System 2” (figure 6.7c), we have the
same structure with a unit deflection applied in the direction of . Here is the deflection at point C .

Figure 6.7 (a) Given system AB , (b) System 1, structure under a unit load, (c) System 2, structure with a
unit deflection corresponding to

According to Betti's law, the virtual work done by the forces in System 1 going through the corresponding
displacements in System 2 should be equal to the virtual work done by the forces in System 2 going
through the corresponding displacements in System 1. For these two systems, we can write:

The right side of this equation is zero, because in System 2 forces can exist only at the supports,
corresponding to which the displacements in System 1 (at supports A and B ) are zero. The negative sign
before accounts for the fact that it acts against the unit load in System 1. Solving this equation we get:
In other words, the reaction at support A due to a unit load at point C is equal to the displacement at point
C when the structure is subjected to a unit displacement corresponding to the positive direction of support
reaction at A . Similarly, we can place the unit load at any other point and obtain the support reaction due
to that from System 2. Thus the deflection pattern in System 2 represents the influence line for .

Following the same general procedure, we can obtain the influence line for any other response parameter
as well. Let us consider the shear force at point C of a simply-supported beam AB (Figure 6.8a). We apply
a unit downward force at some point D as shown in System 1 (Figure 6.8b). In system 2 (Figure 6.8c), we
apply a unit deflection corresponding to the shear force, . Note that the displacement at point C is
applied in a way such that there is no relative rotation between AC and CB . This will avoid any virtual work
done by the bending moment at C ( ) going through the rotation in System 2. Now, according to
Betti's law:

Figure 6.8 (a) Given system AB , (b) System 1, structure under a unit load, (c) System 2, structure with a
unit deflection corresponding to , (d) System 2, structure with a unit deflection corresponding to

Thus, the deflected shape in System 2 represents the influence line for shear force . Similarly, if we

want to find the influence line for bending moment , we obtain System 2 (Figure 6.8d) by applying a
unit rotation at point C (that is, a unit relative rotation between AC and CB ). However, we do not want any
relative displacement (between AC and CB ) at point C in order to avoid any virtual work done by going
through the displacements in System 2. Betti's law provides the virtual work equation:

So, as we have seen earlier, the displaced shape in System 2 represents the influence line for the response
parameter .

Construction of System 2 for a given response function is the most important part in applying the Müller-
Breslau principle. One must take care that other than the concerned response function no other force (or
moment) in System 1 should do any virtual work going through the corresponding displacements in System
2. So we make all displacements in System 2 corresponding to other response functions equal to zero. For
example, in Figure 6.8c, displacements corresponding to , and are equal to zero. Example 6.4
illustrates the construction of influence lines using Müller-Breslau principle.

Example 6.4 Construct influence lines for , , and for the beam AB in Fig. E6.4.

Solution:

System 2 for : (Note that there is no bending moment at D , i.e. )

System 2 for :
System 2 for : (Note that only contributes to virtual work because even though there is rotation

at point D , )

The deflected shape in each system 2 provides the influence line for the corresponding response function.

Recap

In this course you have learnt the following

The Müller-Breslau principle for influence lines.

Derivation of the principle for different types of internal forces.

Example of application of this principle.

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