Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2019, 12, 21-33

http://www.scirp.org/journal/jsea
ISSN Online: 1945-3124
ISSN Print: 1945-3116

Design and Implementation of an Online

Course Management System

Emmanuel N. Ekwonwune1, Dominic C. Edebatu2

Department of Computer Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria

1

Department of Computer Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

2

How to cite this paper: Ekwonwune, E.N. Abstract

and Edebatu, D.C. (2019) Design and Im-
plementation of an Online Course Man- Learning abilities vary among individuals, yet schools teach them in one
agement System. Journal of Software Engi- classroom. Managing learning abilities could be difficult. This Online Course
neering and Applications, 12, 21-33. Management System integrates learning techniques which addresses this
https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2019.122002
problem. The aim of this work therefore is to develop an adaptative
Received: July 31, 2018 e-Learning Software to enable the learner answer questions or solve problems
Accepted: February 24, 2019 based on his/her ability. This work is motivated by the need to address deep
Published: February 27, 2019
concern and awareness toward how learners learn best. This study develops
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and an adaptive e-learning platform where the learner is allowed to answer ques-
Scientific Research Publishing Inc. tions or solve problems based on his/her ability or pace. It also provides an
This work is licensed under the Creative online classroom which will run alongside the traditional classroom. The
Commons Attribution International
software will adopt the waterfall model. VB.NET, an Object Oriented Pro-
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
gramming Language will be used with AJAX and JAVASCRIPT web devel-
Open Access opment tools. Furthermore, this study recommends new strategies & tech-
nologies to improve safety, quality, and overall standard of learning amongst
learners in educational institutions.

Keywords
Online, E-Learning, Management, Technology, Internet

1. Introduction
The generation of students born with digital technology brings with them a sig-
nificantly different approach to learning [1]. They are used to having access to
multiple and instantaneous sources of information, multitasking and being so-
cially connected to peers through mobile devices. The combination of mobile
technologies and the new generation’s digitally-enhanced’ cognitive and social
skills will need new solutions in the current concept of Learning.

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E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

One potential solution is mobile learning. M learning is the exploitation of

ubiquitous handheld technologies, together with wireless and mobile phone
networks, to facilitate, support, enhance and extend the reach of teaching and
learning [2]. It offers enormous potential as a tool to be used in situations where
learners are geographically dispersed, to promote collaborative learning, to en-
gage learners with content, as an alternative to books or computers, as an alter-
native to attending campus lectures and for “just-in-time” delivery of informa-
tion. With mobile technology, we can “push” and “pull” information and deliver
learning to any one at any time and at any place. It provides learning on-the-go
or just-in-time learning [3]. The significance of education, especially in devel-
oping countries, is increasing because of progressing pressure to catch up with
the developed world regarding, for example, global competitiveness [4]. Some of
the areas of improvement in developing countries include: provision of standar-
dized computer-based tests, qualified facilitators, adequate learning environ-
ment, standard textbooks, digital library, computerized student assessment, and
sporting facilities, among others.
It is obvious that computers have significantly increased the range, sophistica-
tion, and complexity of possible classroom activities. Computer-based technol-
ogy has also brought with it many new challenges for the teacher who seeks to
determine what it has to offer and how that should be delivered to students.
The incorporation of information technology in education has brought so
many positive changes. Today, more academic systems are embracing technolo-
gy, because it makes teaching more effective and aids in practical learning. Stu-
dents are embracing it because in the future, most of the jobs will be technologi-
cally based. With time, everyone will see the significance of information tech-
nology in education.
This work examines the use of technology in teaching and learning. It also de-
signs and implements an online course management system that incorporates
instant search algorithm, evaluations and assessments and a reliable application
portal for teachers, learners and parents.
Since the dawn of the 21st century, technology has crept its way into learning
and teaching environments. As more technological advancements are made,
then there is dire need for increased literacy levels on the use of this technology.
Earlier, technology in education was a debatable topic amongst the society. Eve-
ryone had their own views on modernizing education and making it technology
aided. There were a huge number of positives and negatives to education tech-
nology. But, gradually as technology was embraced by the educational institu-
tions, they realized the importance of technology in education. Its positives out-
numbered the negatives and now, with technology, education has taken a whole
new meaning that it leaves us with no doubt that our educational system has
been transformed owing to the ever-advancing technology. Technology and
education are a great combination if used together with a right reason and vi-
sion.

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 E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

1.1. Statement of Problem

The problems associated with the system under study are outlined below:
1) Learning abilities vary among learners, yet teachers teach them the same
content, in one classroom.
2) Learners are evaluated and accessed equally, although learners do not have
the same equal learning abilities.
3) Teachers or facilitators evaluate their students using questions which are
out of context most of the times.
4) Learning does not cover the three domains of education which are the cog-
nitive, affective and psychomotor levels.
5) There is absence of an online classroom running alongside the traditional
classroom, which limits learning to during school hours only.

1.2. Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of this work is to develop an adaptive e-learning software to enable the
learner to answer questions or solve problems based on his/her ability or pace.
The objectives of this study are to:
1) Develop web based tool for managing learners’ courses.
2) Integrate a feature which will enable learners to schedule reminders for
their assignments or evaluations.
3) Develop a feature which will be used to make sure that all the levels of
learning are covered.
4) Design and integrate a feature which will enable learners to answer ques-
tions based on their learning abilities for evaluations.

2. Theoretical Framework
E-Learning has many interpretations but in short it stands for learning by elec-
tronic means. This means learning not directly from lecture notes, books or
face-to-face from teacher but through electronic means. Common forms are
computer-based training and web based lessons or on-line lessons. With the ad-
vent of advanced technology, lessons may be taken anytime anywhere in a re-
mote area. In this work I will be looking at some concept, technologies, and
challenges of e-learning in Nigerian Universities.
[5] defined it as the use of internet and digital technologies to create expe-
riences that educate our fellow human beings.
The Internet has become one of the vital ways to make available resources for
research and learning for both teachers and students to share and acquire infor-
mation.
Technology-based e-learning encompasses the use of the internet and other
important technologies to produce materials for learning, teach learners, and al-
so regulate courses in an organization [6]. There has been extensive debate about
a common definition of the term e-learning. Existing definitions according to [7]
tend to reveal the specialization and interest of the researchers. E-learning as a

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E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

concept covers a range of applications, learning methods and processes [8]. It is

therefore difficult to find a commonly accepted definition for the term
e-learning, and according to [9], there is even no common definition for the
term. [10] also made a comment on these inconsistencies by saying that there
may be as many definitions of the term e-learning as there are academic papers
on the subject [7] in trying to find a common meaning of the term e-learning
went on to ask the following questions: Is e-learning an on-line coursework for
students at a distance? Does it mean using a virtual learning environment to
support the provision of campus based education? Does it refer to an on-line
tool to enrich, extend and enhance collaboration? OR is it a totally on-line
learning or part of blended learning? [11]. Some of the definitions of the term
e-learning as given by different researchers and institutions are reviewed below.
In some definitions e-Learning encompasses more than just the offering of
wholly on-line courses. For instance [9] noted that e-Learning has transformed
from a fully-online course to using technology to deliver part or all of a course
independent of permanent time and place. Also the [12] describes, e-Learning as
the use of new multimedia technologies and the Internet to increase learning
quality by easing access to facilities and services as well as distant exchanges and
collaboration. The following are also different definitions of e-learning.
E-learning refers to the use of information and communication technologies to
enable the access to online learning/teaching resources. In its broadest sense, [13]
defined E-learning to mean any learning that is enabled electronically. They how-
ever narrowed this definition down to mean learning that is empowered by the use
of digital technologies. This definition is further narrowed by some researchers as
any learning that is internet-enabled or web-based [14] [15].
According to [16], the term “e-learning” is applied in different perspectives,
including distributed learning, online-distance learning, as well as hybrid learn-
ing. E-learning, according to [17] is defined as the use of information and com-
munication technologies in diverse processes of education to support and en-
hance learning in institutions of higher education, and includes the usage of in-
formation and communication technology as a complement to traditional class-
rooms, online learning or mixing the two modes. Also according to [18] the
term e-learning refers to the attainment and use of knowledge that are predo-
minantly facilitated and distributed by electronic means. To them, the e-learning
depends on computers and networks, but it is likely it will progress into systems
comprising of a variety of channels such as wireless and satellite, and technolo-
gies such as cellular phones.
According to [19], this new environment for learning that is centered on elec-
tronic networks has allowed learners in universities to receive individualized
support and also to have learning schedules that is more suitable to them as well
as separate from other learners. It is apparent that e-learning can empower stu-
dents at higher educational levels to acquire their education in while at the same
time perusing their personal objectives as well as maintaining their own careers,
with no need to attend be subjected to rigid schedule [20]. [21] in support of this

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 E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

thought reported that the number of courses online has vividly increased as a
result of the attained benefits for both learners and universities.
It can therefore be concluded from the above that it is difficult to identify a
common definition for e-learning. Some of the authors refer to e-learning as pro-
viding complete on-line courses only whereas comprise web-supplemented and
web-dependent services for the provision of educational and support processes

2.1. MOODLE E-Learning Technology

MOODLE is a free software package designed to help lecturers and students as a
tool to provide in of quality teaching. The MOODLE is abbreviated to Modular
Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment built by Martin Douglas at
Curtin University [22].
MOODLE has a number of advantages in education. MOODLE is easy to in-
stall, upgrade and use. It can be installed on as many servers as involved without
an additional cost. MOODLE does not also require modification on Unix, Linux,
Windows, Mac OS and any other systems [23]. It is implemented for educational
aspects which some other e-learning platform is lack off.

2.2. Challenges/Problems Facing E-Learning Today

If E-Learning is to live up to its expectations in any nation, place or institution, it
must overcome Technologically, Socially and Pedagogically aspects including
the change of mindset is required. These restraints must be overcome before im-
plementing E-Learning. According to [24] the challenges are as follows:
1) Technological aspect; 2) Social aspect; 3) Pedagogical aspect: Mindset as-
pect; 4) Lack of face-to-face interaction; 5) Technical Training Challenges.

2.2.1. Challenges of E-Learning Technologies in Nigerian Universities

E-learning technologies development is faced with a lot of challenges in Nigerian
Universities. One of these challenges is inability of teachers to assist the students
develop the ability and knowledge necessary to make them use the e-learning ef-
fectively.
In many e-learning projects, students face some challenges of bad perception
during their studies; lack of pedagogy in their curriculum, lack of user touch and
feel in their e-learning platform [25].
Four obstacles affecting the total implementation of e-learning in developing
countries are:
1) Connectivity; 2) Equipment; 3) Software; 4) Training.

2.2.2. Advantages/Benefits of E-Learning: They Include

1) Flexibility; 2) Convenience; 3) E-learning Approaches 4) Self-paced e-learning;
5) Instructor-led and facilitated e-learning.

3. Methodology
The waterfall model was used. The waterfall model is a linear sequential (non-iterative)

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E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

design approach for software development, in which progress flows in one direc-
tion downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation,
analysis, design, construction, testing, deployment and maintenance. It will be
used because it allows for departmentalization and managerial control.

3.1. Waterfall Model Overview

The Waterfall Model was first Process Model to be introduced. It is very simple
to understand and use.
As shown in Figure 1, before the next phase can begin and there is no over-
lapping in the phases.
The sequential phases in Waterfall model are:
1) Requirement Gathering and analysis; 2) System Design; 3) Implementation
Integration and Testing; 4) Deployment of system; 5) Maintenance.

3.2. Mode of Operation

Lectures at Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, are currently carried out in the
traditional classroom. There is no provision for learning online, outside the tradi-
tional classroom. However, the lecturer instructs students physically in a typical

Figure 1. Stages of waterfall model (Source: tutorials point 2017).

Figure 2. Operations/Information Flow Source: (Field Work, 2018).

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 E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

classroom. Questions are entertained and responses are shared. Learning is

one-sided in some cases because lecturers may decide to just read handouts to
students and end the class (see Figure 2 above).

3.3. Expectations of the New System

This new system, when adopted will do the following:
1) Ensure that student evaluation questions are not out of context, and covers
the three domains of learning.
2) Manage learners’ courses effectively.
3) Integrate a feature which will enable learners to schedule reminders for
their assignments or evaluations.
4) Develop a feature which will be used to make sure that all the levels of
learning are covered in a course.
5) Ensure that learners answer questions based on their learning abilities for
evaluations.

3.4. High Level Model of the Proposed Software

Figure 3 below shows the high level model of the proposed system. MySQL

Figure 3. HLM of the proposed system (Source: Field work, 2018).

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E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

Relational Database Management Program will be used at backend.

4. Program/System Design
In this context, the definition of the architecture, components, modules, inter-
faces and data for the new system will be made as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Home page: Source: (Field Work, 2018).

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 E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

1) Home Page: This is the first page a user sees when the web application is
launched. Registered or returning users can log into the program with the
enrolled username and password. New users can enroll if they have not been
previously registered.
2) Welcome Page: this is displayed on successful login attempt. User session
is created for each user on successful authentication.
Here, users can view and populate their courses for a current semester. They
can populate course contents, and schedule reminders for submission of assign-
ments or upcoming evaluations.

4.1. Algorithms
This refers to step-by-step descriptions of the solutions to problems. The Flow-
chart shown below is a clear indication of how the user interacts with developed
system. It shows the welcome page which allows the user to enter user-
name/password. The Decision Symbol requests whether the Username exists or
otherwise. Subsequently, the process continues (see Figure 5 below).

Figure 5. Welcome page: Source: Field Work.

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E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

4.2. System Requirements

4.2.1. Hardware Requirements
The following hardware components should be made available for full operation
and performance:
1) A hard disk drive of about 80 (GB) and above.
2) A Pentium M (2.0 GHz) processor.
3) A flat screen monitor.
4) A RAM of at least 1.0 GB and above.
5) An enhanced keyboard.
6) A printer.
7) A UPS.
8) Flash drives for backup files.

4.2.2. Software Requirements

This refers to all programs, which the computer needs to execute a complete process.
For this software to run without any hitch, the following have to be installed:
1) An Operation system, Microsoft Windows (XP, 7 or 8); 2) Dot Net framework
3.0, 3.5, 4.0 or 4.5; 3) Reliable antivirus software; 4) MySQL Database program.

4.3. Input/Output Design

The aim of design in any system development is to make data entry easy, and
logical flow-charts free from errors. There is need for the operator to know the
following during the entry (see Figure 6 below):

Figure 6. Home PageSource: (Field work, 2018).

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 E. N. Ekwonwune, D. C. Edebatu

1) The space allocated to each field.

2) Field sequence, which must correspond to that in the source document.
3) The format in which the data are entered.
The validity of the input determines the accuracy of the output. The input
presented must be as accurate as possible. This should be monitored so that il-
legal/wrong data would not be entered.

5. Conclusions
E-learning is becoming more popular day after day due to the rapid technologi-
cal advancements made especially in ICT. Disappointedly, the under-developed
countries are yet to implement e-learning effectively, for the acquisition of edu-
cation, knowledge, skills and training. This is partly because of the inadequacy of
the required infrastructure and the improper attention given to its impact. Al-
though most of the tertiary institutions had already commenced the use of
e-learning, it is mostly implemented for administrative purposes, such as ex-
amination and learning purposes.
This research work, therefore, attempted in creating three web-based, CAL
application software, e-book, and videos on various courses to be taught by the
lecturer which will be both affordable by the users.

Recommendation
It is expected that this research work, if properly effected and handled, will pro-
mote the image of the department and improve the quality of service they render
with respect to the impacting of knowledge to the students. This is based on the
perspective that the work, if actualized, will serve as an outstanding example to
the other departments of the institution and even to the indigenous tertiary in-
stitutions, students and lecturers.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this pa-
per.

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