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Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements PDF

This document provides an overview of permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICP). It discusses the types of PICP systems and their components. It also outlines the stormwater management benefits of PICPs, including retaining and infiltrating increased stormwater volumes and flows. The document then discusses PICP design considerations, installation guidelines, costs, and how PICPs can help projects earn credits for sustainable site design and heat island reduction under the LEED green building rating system.

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Chintan Changani
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246 views49 pages

Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements PDF

This document provides an overview of permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICP). It discusses the types of PICP systems and their components. It also outlines the stormwater management benefits of PICPs, including retaining and infiltrating increased stormwater volumes and flows. The document then discusses PICP design considerations, installation guidelines, costs, and how PICPs can help projects earn credits for sustainable site design and heat island reduction under the LEED green building rating system.

Uploaded by

Chintan Changani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Permeable Interlocking

Program
Concrete Pavements 000003

Revised 1-29-08
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements

This program is registered with the AIA/CES and ASLA CPE for continuing
education professional education. As such, it does
not include content that may be deemed or construed to be
an approval or endorsement by the AIA or ASLA of any
material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Program 000003
Learning objectives:

- Know how to select PICP

- Understand types of exfiltration


Permeable options for the base and when
pavement each are applied
manual - Understand the hydrological
and structural design principles
for the pavement base
- Know the components of a
PICP construction specification
- Understand maintenance
requirements of PICPs
PICP System Components

(optional)
Stormwater Management Objectives
Some Approaches…
Retain/infiltrate increased volume & flows
• Capture first flush, e.g. first ½-1 in. (13 mm)
• Control specific nutrients, metals
• Imitate pre-development conditions
• Capture percentage of storms
Permeable pavements address all approaches
Why Use Permeable Pavers?
Benefits
• Part of BMP mix; supports LID
• Conserves space: pavement on detention facility
• 100% runoff reduction for high frequency storms
• Reduce retention/detention, drainage fees
• Filter and reduce nutrients, metals
• Increase groundwater recharge
Paver Types Interlocking shapes/patterns
Paver Types Enlarged Joints: 10 mm

Built-in concrete joint spacers


Paver Types
Porous concrete units
Zero fines concrete

For non-freezing
climates
Surface: high clogging
potential
Install with enlarged
joints for additional
drainage
Application Guide
for Permeable Segmental Concrete Pavements
Interlocking Enlarged Porous Grid
Shapes Joints & Concrete Pavers w/Grass
w/openings Spacers Units
Low speed Contact Contact Contact Contact
Roads manufacturer manufacturer manufacturer manufacturer

Parking lots Excellent Excellent Not Acceptable for


Recommended low use
Driveways
Overflow Excellent Excellent Not Good
parking, fire recommended
lanes
Revetments Good Good Not Good
Boat ramps Recommended

Bike paths, Good Good Excellent Not


Sidewalks Recommended
Site Opportunities

No space for parking & detention pond


40%+ impervious cover / urbanized uses
Storm sewer system near/at capacity
Impervious cover limitations
Contributing drainage area
Project Examples
Residential Driveways
Residential roads
Cul-de-sacs in residential roads

Glen Brook Green Subdivision


Waterford, CT
Jordon Cove Watershed
US EPA Section 319 NMP
Entrance drives

Rio Vista Water Plant


Santa Clarita, CA
Hilton Garden Inn
Calabasas, CA
Boat ramp

Tree preservation
Somerset Street
Ocean City, MD
Parking lots

Lowe’s Home
Center
Olympia, WA
Infiltration Rates
Surface, Joints & Bedding
Void ratio, 8% to 18%
Required infiltration rate of openings:
Design storm, in. per hr / 0.08
Example: 2 in. per hr / 0.08
Required infiltration rate = 25 in./hr
Infiltration rate of stone in openings: 300 to 500 in./hr
Assume 10% lifetime efficiency: 30 to 50 in./hr
Base Storage Capacity
Base materials
No. 57 crushed stone base or similar
1.5 - 1/8 in. aggregate Base

No. 2 crushed stone subbase or similar


2½ in. – ¾ in. aggregate
~ 30% to 40% void space
2.5 to 3 in. of base stores about 1 in. of water
Design for 24 - 72 hour storage
1. Full Exfiltration – Figure 12

Infiltration
2. Partial Exfiltration – Figure 13
Infiltration, detention
& filtering
3. No Exfiltration – Figure 14
Detention & filtering
Soil Infiltration
Establish suitability
Soil maps
NRCS soil classification (ABCD)
USCS soil classification
*Conduct on-site infiltration tests*
Subgrade Infiltration
Determining soil infiltration rates
Dig holes on the site
Approx. top-of-subgrade depth
Double ring infiltrometer test
Use lowest infiltration rate

Multiple test holes Test area


Pollutant Removal – Figure 27
Design Details
Overflow and concrete edge restraints
`

Drain to grass swale

Overflow drain
Design for the Disabled
Combine solid & permeable

Or use smaller joints


Design for Performance Monitoring
• Observation well at lowest point
• Min. 6 in. (150 mm) dia. perf pipe w/cap
• Monitor drainage rate, sediment, water
quality
• Cap hides under
pavers
No. 2 stone subbase

Morton Arboretum
Lisle, Illinois
No. 57

No. 2
Construction
Screeding
bedding
layer over
stone base
Construction
Edges cut,
placed then
compacted
Construction – Mechanical Installation

Bedding layer touch-up


Construction
d

Filling the openings with No. 8 stone


before compaction
Compaction of pavers
Excess stones removed,
then final compaction
Costs
Assumptions:
31/8” thick pavers,
2 in. bedding layer
12 in. base…
15-20,000 s.f.
$7 to $10/s.f.

Does not include design,


curbs, or pipe costs
Sustainable Design through LEED v2.2
• “Sustainable” = Development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs
• Considers the triple-bottom-line: social, economic
& environmental impacts
• LEED = Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design rating system v2.2

US Green Building Council


www.usgbc.org
LEED rating levels for project certification

Certified 26 – 32 points
Silver 33 – 38 points
Gold 39 – 51 points
Platinum 52 or greater

Types of projects:
New construction LEED-NC
Existing buildings
Commercial interiors
Building core & shell
Homes
LEED credits offered when projects….

• Decrease pollution through sustainable sites


• Increase building water use efficiency
• Reduce energy and atmospheric pollutants
• Conserve minerals and resources
• Improve indoor air quality
• Offer innovative ideas and designs
• Offer innovative upgrades, operations & maintenance
Decrease runoff through Sustainable Sites
LEED Points
Credit 6.1 Stormwater design: Quantity control 1

<50% site imperviousness


Reduce to pre-development peak discharge &
quantity for a 2 year, 24-hour storm

>50% site imperviousness


25% volume decrease from 2 year, 24-hour storm
Achieve both objectives with permeable
interlocking concrete pavements
Decrease runoff through Sustainable Sites
LEED Points
Credit 6.2 Stormwater design: Quality control 1

Capture & treat 90% of average annual


Rainfall (0.5 to 1 in. depending on region)
Remove 80% of total suspended solids

Achieve 80% TSS removal with permeable


Interlocking concrete pavements – proven by research
LEED Points
Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect: Non-roof 1

50% of site hardscape using


Tree shade in 5 years
Paving with minimum 29 Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
Grid pavement
OR
Place parking under roof or ground
Minimum 29 SRI on roof or deck
LEED Points
Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect: Roof 1

At least 75% roof with minimum 29


Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
OR
At least 50% vegetated roof
OR
Low slope roof with min 78 SRI
Conservation of materials and resources

Credit LEED Points

3.1 5% reused content (i.e. crushed concrete) 1


3.2 10% reused content 1
4.1 5% recycled waste content (e.g. flyash) 1
4.2 10% recycled waste content 1
5.1 20% manufactured regionally (<500 mi.) 1
5.2 50% materials extracted regionally (<500 mi.) 1

See ICPI Tech Spec 16 on LEED points from pavers


* Questions?

You deserve a break.

Thank you!
www.icpi.org
icpi@icpi.org
Interlocking Concrete
Pavement Institute

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