THE HYBRID ECO-PORT

 
 

1
 University of Nottingham

Department of Architecture
Project 3A
and Built Environment
Briefing Document

Unit 1A
Daniah Al Mounajim

Tutors:
Architecture and Environmental Design
Alisdair Russell
MEng
with
Stuart Buckinham
Andrew Cross

2 3
 ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1
AIMS, ASPIRATIONS AND AMBITION  
    
 
 
   
 
What is the proposed project? What are the main objectives of it? How do they relate to the context?   
 


 

 
  
 
   
      



 
 
  
 

 

 

 


CHAPTER 2    
 
   
      

CULTURAL, POLITICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIETAL POSITIONS 
 


   
 
    
 


 
 
  
   
  
    

How does the site currently function? What are the main issues this project tackles?  
How does it look to tackling them feasibly in order to achieve the main aims?

         
  
 

CHAPTER 3 

 !


  
  
    

"
TYPOLOGY STUDY



 
   

How do the proposed typologies function in the development  !
  
  


of a holistic approach in the design of a hybrid programme?

The document is split into 4 main chapters. Chapter 1 begins by creating a

CHAPTER 4 holistic analysis of the location and programme of the project, helping develop
a list of aims to achieve throughout the design process. Chapter 2 then delves
ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECHNICAL STRATEGIES deeper into these aims, with a focus on literature review of the main concepts
How will value be brought to the development of the and stances adhered to. Chapter 3 expands on the initial programme study
environmental strategies in the project? of Chapter 1 in developing an understanding of the typology, looking at and
comparing precedents in the process. Chapter 4 then concludes the document
with an environmental analysis of the site and its potential, performing
sensitivity analysis to understand the most vital and effective strategies to follow.

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 01

AIMS, ASPIRATIONS
AND AMBITIONS

This section begins the brief by setting the main goals this project will aim to
achieve. It will begin with a brief introduction to the projet location. Following this,
it will outline the nature of the building project and its functional content, linking
back to studies completed in Projects 2. It will then move on to list the different
objects set out to achieve the aims of this project.

Word count: 465

8 9
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

COASTAL COMMUNITIES 1.1

“ We’re seeing renewed interest in long-

forgotten coastal communities, and
the potential for their realisation as
coastal powerhouses.
- Tim Morris, 2018

Located on the coast of the district of Thanet, this project examines the future
of coastal communities along the North Sea region in the town of Ramsgate.
The coastline plays a very important role in the development of the economy
and culture in the country. They remain, however, some of the largest areas
under threat of negligence and carelessness due to environmental and economic
concerns.

Following the development of overseas travel privileges, the once successful

seaside towns began to feel more and more isolated and unsupported by
economic development. It became easy to forget the value of seaside assets and
their architectural achievements.

England’s coastal and marine heritage tells a story of the nation’s history of
commerce, conflict and leisure. It contributes strongly to the identity and
quality of life today. Moreover, English ports and a host of colourful seaside
resorts remain vital for the sustainable development of the economy, well-being
and leisure. Thus, this project will look at methods to revitalise the job industry
as well as the tourism potential of these communities, aiming to bring them
back to their former glory.
(English Coastal Communities, 2020)
10 11
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

1.2 PREVIOUS PROJECT

Whilst a maritime presence is already very

evident in the towns in Thanet, project 2 acted
as a precursor to the final project by creating
a connection between educational tourism
as well as the maritime section, which has
been previously linked to private leisure and
industry.

This was done through the development of an

Aquarium and Maritime Museum in Margate,
a town 8 km (5 miles) away from Ramsgate.
This was done to bring curiosity about marine
life and their ecosystems to people of all ages
in the town, particularly younger kids who
could take this curiosity with them as they get
older.

It also looked at the development of a Maritime

Museum aspect to the scheme which ties
in with the maritime history of the region,
bringing a sense of pride and identity to the
people of this small coastal town.

(Margate Aquarium and Maritime Museum, Exploded Axonometric, Daniah (Margate Aquarium and Maritime Museum, Building Axonometric, Daniah
Al Mounajim, 2019) Al Mounajim, 2019)
12 13
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

DESIGN AIMS AND AMBITIONS 1.3

Arising from the research into the town and the programme interest thus
emerges one main aim, where mechanical and industrial port processes are re-
thought and interpreted with a goal of decreasing
marine pollution and the production of energy in
parallel with amusement park activities; taking an “
The maritime sector can have a catalytic
eccentric “Dreamland” approach to the design of
effect: not only on the ports themselves,
an eco-landscape park and energy facilities.
but on the surrounding area. Ports
The revival of the local economy in the use local land to build logistics parks
district of Thanet through the development and manufacturing facilities, and they
of the energy and tourism industries.
invest in infrastructures aid the port
This overarching ambition of the project is then development. Each pound spent on
divided into smaller sub-aims that can help achieve a road connecting a port to another
a positive outcome, where this programme will area can add more than four pounds
be divided into 6 different objectives, working in
tandem with each other to achieve the sustainable
of value to the wider local economy.
development goals (SDGs) set by the United - Tim Morris, 2018
Nations in 2015 as a blueprint to achieve a better
more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges societies of
the present are facing, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate
change, environmental degradation, peace and justice. The 17 goals are all
interconnected, and in order to leave no one behind, it is important that we
achieve them all by 2030 (United Nations, 2015). Whilst issues such as equality,
peace, and justice cannot be influenced by architectural or urban design,
sustainable design can still help in the development of education and awareness
in locals that can help achieve these goals.
(BIG, 2017)
14 15
 &
MAIN AIM The revival of the local economy in the
district of Thanet through the development
of a clean marine energy industry that
serves the local area while promoting
sustainable leisure and tourism.

AMBITION
16 17
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

Recreating international
connections with nearby ports by
Objective reviving the existing port facilities
and creating new ones in the

1
development of a sustainable port
industry in Ramsgate.

In 2013, a predominantly freight service provided by TransEuropa

Ferries was terminated in Ramsgate. Port reconstruction has since
been proposed in the city, looking for new ferry operators that can take
advantage of the proximity to Europe. However, none of the efforts
put forward by the Thanet District Council have come to fruition,
largely due to a lack of available funds. Following the developments in
Brexit, however, several experts have predicted an increased need for
port facilities in the UK, owing to the bureaucratic nature that will no
doubt follow.

18 19
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

Creating semi-public spaces where

waste that emerges from ports can
be recycled into fuel and energy
objective
powering the port and the nearby

2
neighbourhood, reducing waste in
the North Sea.

Following the main aim of creating a green energy power plant,

some spaces in the master-plan of the site should allow access and
observation of some of the recycling and clean energy processes
that take place. This can be utilised to create district-wide interest in
sustainable design and the ongoing restoration of the space, which
can aid in the gaining of funds over time. This can be done in the form
of rides that follow the processes, or viewing platforms that allow time
to fully comprehend the processes performed. However, these spaces
must comply with health and safety regulations and remain safe and
usable for general citizens and workers carrying out engineering work.

20 21
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

Creating research facilities to

study the developments in ports
usage, marine life and clean
objective energy generation and the analysis

3
of technology used to increase the
efficiency in their operation

Coastal communities often include a wide range of bio-diversity,

where over 230 fish species are known to inhabit the North Sea. This
is also combined with a great number of Bird species spotted in the
area, where the position of the Isle of Thanet in the extreme north-east
corner of Kent, at the south end of the North Sea, makes it an obvious
point for observing migration. It is a noted seawatching location and
the coastal scrub harbours a variety of passing migrants. The design
programme will thus contain laboratory spaces which allow scientists
to research the zoology of the North Sea and come up with innovative
ways of bringing new species to the sea while also studying the effects
of pollution on the marine life present.

22 23
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

Increasing the locals’ awareness

on the importance of ports and
their relationship to the marine
objective
heath and environment through a

4
form of educational tourism for all
age groups.

Research has shown that people in coastal communities often display

an unacceptable level of ignorance towards their environment, often
littering their beaches, which ends up affecting marine life and their
habitats. In order to increase the awareness, the scheme can allow
for a programme in which school trips or visitors can enjoy a short
informative talk or a short tour across the whole masterplan in order
to develop a greater appreciation for coastal communities and their
responsibilities towards their surrounding body of water. This would
thus indicate the need for auditorium or seminar spaces where people
can be given talks and participate in workshops.

24 25
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

Activating the coastal edge into

a successful leisure and public
space that reflects and takes
objective advantage of the rich history

5
of the area, further developing
sustainable coastal tourism.

While all three towns include blue flag beaches and small piers
and harbours. The Maritime Plan published by the Thanet District
Council has presented a “Destination Management Plan” which
highlights the importance of creating a stronger sense of place along
the coast, which includes creating a “Maritime Village” programme
that prioritises underused coastal areas along the Viking Trail, a 40
km waking and cycling route along the coast of Thanet which passes
through Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate to reach Pegwell Bay,
where Vikings first landed in Kent. This can be done through the
provision of sea-framing points onto the coast as well as leisure and
touristic activities.

26 27
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

Improving the nearby public

objective realm of the town by increasing
access routes to the coastal areas

6
through the development of an
overarching masterplan at the
macro scale.

Analysing the coast of Ramsgate to the town centre, it was first noticed
the disconnect felt between the two spaces, as well as the major
disconnect created between them and the Ramsgate railway station,
what acts to many as the first introduction point into the town. This is
further analysed in Chapter 2, looking at the context of the town and
its public nodes.

28 29
Chapter 1 Aims, Aspirations and Ambitions

1.4 SUMMARY

Tacking these 6 objectives under the main aim will develop a green waste to energy programme, set to improve the local economy across the towns in Thanet by re-establishing
a strong industrial presence in the power plan, an innovative presence, in the development of green technologies to operate the power plant, an educational presence in
creating an element of educational tourism in Ramsgate, and a playful presence, in the activation of the coastal front and the aid in the development of the sustainable coastal
tourism.

The revival of the local

economy in the district

1 2 3 4 5 6 of Thanet through the

development of a clean
marine energy industry
that serves the local
area while promoting
sustainable leisure and
Recreating international Creating semi-public Creating research facilities Increasing the awareness Activating the coastal Improving the nearby
connections with nearby spaces where waste to study the developments on the importance of ports edge into a successful public realm of the
tourism.
ports by reviving the that emerges from ports in ports usage, marine and their relationship to leisure and public space town by increasing
existing port facilities can be recycled into fuel life and clean energy the marine heath and that reflects and takes access routes to the
and creating new ones and energy powering generation and the analysis environment through a advantage of the rich coastal areas through
in the development of a the port and the nearby of technology used to form of an educational history of the area, further the development of an
sustainable port industry neighbourhood, reducing increase the efficiency in amusement park for all developing sustainable overarching masterplan
in Thanet, Kent. waste in the North Sea. their operation age groups. coastal tourism. at the macro scale.

30 31
Circular Economy:     
          
        
          
    
 
        
30/01 AND 31/01
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          This chapter will look at the wider context providing a backdrop to this project.
  These will be the wider issues and themes that the project will address and take
inspiration from. It begins with developing an understanding of the site, followed by
Industrial Metabolism'" an analysis of the main positions taken by this brief.
          
        

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   Word count: 527

32 33
 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

2.1 OVERVIEW: RAMSGATE

Following the development of a Brexit economy, new customs

regulations will begin to apply in the United Kingdom, halting
the process of free movement of goods into and out of the major
ports in the country. Thus, imports and exports will need to
register with customs and digitally declare themselves before
entering or leaving the country. Due to this, it is predicted
that ports that are currently in operation will become heavily
overworked and thus need to divert some of their oncoming
traffic into nearby ports, such as the Port of Ramsgate, making a
currently underutilised industrial space fully functional again.

Inevitably the architecture of port-cities is entangled in the

social, political, economic, and cultural histories of these places
and their wider role in international trade. The Ramsgate
port currently has a mixed-use programme wherein it also
develops wind farms and manages them off the coast of South
East England. Research has shown, however, that in order to
see a proper renaissance in coastal communities, a host of
interlinked spaces need to be designed, developing educational
standards, ambitions of the public, connectivity, creativity and
the importance of heritage to create a strong town narrative
and a closed loop system. Thus, this chapter will look at the
context of Thanet and its maritime history, a factor that can be
further celebrated in the design scheme as an official identity to
the town of Ramsgate. It will also look at new programmes that
can be provided in the general master-plan of the site.
(Heath, 2018)
34 35
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

2.1.1 LOCATION

bus

(Redrawn by Student, 2019)

36 37
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

2.1.2 MARITIME BACKGROUND

Thanet is surrounded by the sea on the northern and eastern sides, along which
its three main towns, Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate, lie. Having attained
“Cirque Port” status by the reign of Henry VII (1485-1509) suggests provision
of some safe berthing facilities at a still earlier date.

(1870s Map, Digimaps, 2020) (1890s Map, Digimaps, 2020)

(1930s Map, Digimaps, 2020) (1970s Map, Digimaps, 2020) (Redrawn by Student, 2020)
38 39
Chapter 2
HISTORY

17TH CENTURY 18TH CENTURY 19TH CENTURY 20TH CENTURY

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40 41
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

PEOPLE’S OPINIONS OF RAMSGATE 2.1.3

For the “200th

The Port is sad Anniversary of the
because of what it
“ They
Royal Harbour of
used to be. It used to
are excessively industrious getting their living bring people into the
Ramsgate” we are
going to invite the
like amphibious animals both by sea and land, making town. At the moment royal family to the
it’s only costing
the most of both elements, being both fishermen and taxpayers’ money.
Royal Harbour in the
year 2021.
ploughmen, farmers and sailors; the same persons that
guide the plough in the field, steering the helm at sea.In I remember coming
We need more
down in 1982. I
the different seasons of the year they make nets, catch thought the harbour
places where we
can all share and
[cod], herrings, mackerel, (...) and make trading voyages, was absolutely
promote the local
magnificent - it
manure their land, plough, sew, harrow, reap, and store reminded me of the
town economy and
community.
their corn, expert in both professions, and so carrying on south of France.
the round of labour.
We are looking to
- William Camden, 1586 Something needs to
get signage leading
be done to decrease
from the Ramsgate
and stop crimes on
train station to the
Harbour Street at
town, you are here
night
maps and that sort of
thing.

42 43
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

DEMOGRAPHICS 40,408
POPULATION

AGE DISTRIBUTION ETHNIC DIVERSITY PLACE OF BIRTH EDUCATION GENDER

44 45
EMPLOYMENT
Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

Unemployment rates are given as a proportion (%) of residents aged 16-64

years. Of the wards within the Ramsgate locality Central Harbour, Eastcliff
and Newington have the highest unemployment rates.

(Thanet Locality Profile, 2016) (Thanet Locality Profile, 2016)

46 47
Chapter 2 Context:
C
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2.1.4 MAPPING

This section will develop an initial mapping study

into Ramsgate, understanding the urban context of
the town.

(Thanet Locality Profile, 2016)

48 49
Chapter 2 Context:
Co
C onttex
extt:: C
Cultural,
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Political
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and
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CONTEXT
Settlement in Ramsgate began in the 1200s, with the
area officially being called Ramsgate in 1357.

The area is best known as a fishing and tourist area

following the construction of the Ramsgate Harbour
between 1749-1850. This harbour is currently known
as the only Royal Harbour in the United Kingdom.

Ramsgate’s main attraction is its coastline, particularly

Ramsgate Main Sands. with a strong maritime and
tourism history, Ramsgate is well known as being the
area A W Pugin resided with his sons. Thus, Ramsgate
include an assortment of iconic architectural
buildings such as St Augustine’s Church, The Grange,
St Augustine’s Abbey, and The Granville Hotel.

Ramsgate has also recently developed a continental

cafe style culture with bars and restaurants on its
seafront parade.

50 51
Chapter 2
H

“ There’s a harbour full of all kinds of ships, closed in by

stone jetties running into the sea on which one can
walk. And further out one sees the sea in its natural
state, and that’s beautiful.
- Vincent Van Gogh, 1876 G

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52 53
Chapter 2

TRANSPORT: RAIL
This map represents the South Eastern
train links that can lead to Ramsgate,
with Margate being 11 minutes away,
London St Pancras approximately 1
hour and 16 minutes away, London
Victoria 2 hours away, London
Charring Cross 2 hours and 3 minutes
away, and Luton Airport 2 hours and
21 minutes away. These trains have all
served by high speed trains since 2009.

54 55
(Southeastern Rails, 2020)
 The Turner Contemporary

8A
Shell
Grotto

8 8A
34
34

Chapter 2 E

8
8A
Quex Park &
Powell-Cotton Museum
8

9
4 38
6 11

6 9
5 Monkton
Minster
7 11
Estuary Plucks
View Gutter
Sittingbourne 9
6 8A
Steam Railway
Sittingbourne 4 5 8
11
Stodmarsh 43
some buses continue Teynham Nature Reserve
to Sittingbourne Preston
- see timetable
7

Boughton
uni 1
under Blean Wickhambreaux

11
Ickham 43
666
Roman
Museum 43
Howletts

1 A2
Ne
w

Do
80

ver
10X

Rd
81
6/6A, 7 to 18 17 12
Tunbridge Wells Leeds
89 15
Castle 1 16

10X

5 89
92A 92
Challock

ay
666 Railw 90
Kent
East 81
17 80
12
Elham Valley
Boughton Vineyard 92A
Lees 92
Egerton
Wye Nature Reserve 12
123 15
1
Headcorn 16 Ramada 80
Hotel
10X 18
Staplehurst Lyminge Forest
12
123
90
Pluckley

William 17
7 to Maidstone Smarden Harvey M
Hospital
10 90
90
91
73
6/6A to Maidstone Dover
Museum
5 10
2 16 Best Western Dover Marina Hotel
102

123 73
2A 18
2 17 91
Biddenden Elham Valley Line
Railway Museum
Channel Tunnel
Terminal
11
Sissinghurst
2A Shadoxhurst
10 10
Biddenden
Vineyard Port Lympne
2 Wild Animal Park
10 16 102
Cranbrook Woodchurch
Ham Street Woods Cliff Lift, The Leas
2A Nature Reserve & Adventure Playground
251

252
254 Bewl Water 5 V Rare Breeds 16
Centre
Wadhurst
Wadhurst 2 312

Chapel
Flimwell Down
254 Winery Smallhythe 11 102
Place
Ticehurst
349
5
252
251
2
Stonegate 304 312

Etchingham 305

Toy Museum

11
Great
Bodiam Dixter Iden
251 313 11

TRANSPORT: BUS
Robertsbridge Castle
252
313
Beckley
Peasmarsh
A268
102
312
2

349
Y

The most regular local service is the 304

Broad
Oak
102 102
11 E Herne Bay, High Street

Udimore
Thanet Loop, which serves the harbour 54
305

Whatlington
349

and town centre, the railway station, 51 Battle

Battle Abbey
Yesterday’s World
Battle
2
100
2 100

101
101

Westwood Cross shopping centre, 304

305
100 Pett
Chick La
ne
V Tenterden, The Vine

347 Y Rye Rail Station, Rye

Margate, Broadstairs and the Queen Roebuck Park

W ne
La
1X

aite
22A
54 98

s
Hastings
101 Country

Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital.

Park
54 98
51 22A West East Cliff Lift
Cliff
Lift Blue Reef Aquarium
Shipwreck Museum

Trips to Margate take approximately

Jerwood Gallery
99
98 99 (under restoration)

51

29 minutes. 54
98
54
1X

56 57
(How to Get to Ramsgate by Bus, 2020)
99
Chapter 2 Context:
Co
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extt:: C
ext: Cultural,
ullttu
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Political
olit
ol itiic
caall a
and
nd Societal
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Positions
ossiittiio
onns
ns

TRANSPORT: BUS
These maps represent the bus links in Thanet and
Ramsgate. It is evident that many buses serve close to
the site.

58 59
Chapter 2 Context:
Co
C onttex
extt:: C
ext: Cultural,
ulttu
ul ura
al,l, P
Political
olliittiic
o caall a
and
nd Societal
nd So
oc
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e
eta
ta
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ossiittiio
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TRANSPORT: ROADS
This map represents the roads in and around Central
Ramsgate. Although a large portion of the high street
and centre are pedestrianized, vehicular access is still
given to a majority of the areas.

Main roads leading to the Port of Ramsgate and the

Harbour include the Royal Harbour Approach (which
leads to Military Road) which is the main cargo
connection to the site, utilizing tunnels to enter the
town centre. Another one includes the Royal Parade,
which is mainly utilised by passing cars or buses.

60 61
Chapter 2 Co
C onttex
extt:: Cultural,
Context: Cu
ullttu
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Political cal
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and So
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J
L

A
G F
C

D
H I K

B
E
BUILDINGS/ARCHITECTURE
Ramsgate includes a lot of Regency and Victorian
buildings with a total of 900 listed buildings, 200 of
which are located near the harbour and town centre.

62 63
 ARCHITECTURE
A ST LAURENCE-IN-THANET (VICTORIAN AND NORMAN) B ST AUGUSTINE’S (VICTORIAN)

C TOWNLEY HOUSE (REGENCY) D ALBION HOUSE (REGENCY) E THE GRANGE (VICTORIAN GOTHIC) F THE GRANVILLE HOTEL (GOTHIC) G ST GEORGE CHURCH (GEORGIAN AND GOTHIC)

H RAMSGATE LIBRARY (NEO-GEORGIAN) I RAMSGATE MARITIME MUSEUM J RAMSGATE RAILWAY STATION (MODERN) K ROYAL PAVILION (FRENCH CLASSICAL REVIVAL) L MONTEFIORE SYNAGOGUE (REGENCY)
64 65
 STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
SWOT ANALYSIS
Royal Harbour: potention for narrative, Pugin’s residence, and the Visual impression: Poor quality public community assets.
development as a destination and tunnels under the town. realm, vacant and neglected shops,
tourist attraction, commercial asset, deteriorating historic buildings. Economic: High unemployment, lack
urban node, and port destination. Education: Grammar schools of employment opportunities, loss of
Community engagement: Lack of major employers in the port, shortage
Infrastructure: ease of access, wind Urban open space: Ellington Park, and wider community engagement and of major employers and a low skilled
farm development, and its asset the King George VI Park. lack of civic pride (carelessness with economy.
second closest port to Europe. litter).
Demography: Influx of talent from Access: Train station is relatively
Strong heritage: Royal Harbour, London including creatives. Societal: High levels of deprivation, remote and poor linkages between
maritime history, high proportion weekend culture leading to crime, some attractions and to beach.
of listed buildings, strong historic Economy: Tourism and harbour. low aspirations and deteriorating

OPPORTINITIES THREATS
Major opportunities: Port, promoting studies, the Coastal Communities Port: Brexit uncertainty, piecemeal
Economic challenges: Skill shortages
local heritage and history, increasing Fund, local enterprise partnerships, proposals may undermine longer deter potential new employers,
visitor offers. EU INTERREG, S106 and Community term opportunity, lack of sufficient
competition from other centres within
Infrastructure Levy (CIL). funding to develop full potential as a
East Kent are affecting potential
Policy: Local Plan setting clear strategy commercial ferry port. growth in Ramsgate, growth of on-line
for development Masterplanning and Design Strategies: shopping impacting further on High
Harbour, port and town centre Community: Ongoing problems with Street retailing, imported deprivation
Availability of project funding from: development. lack of engagement. is an increasing problem here,
Heritage Lottery Fund, feasibility

66 67
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

2.2 CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE SEAS

Data since the 1940s has

shown that the heat content of
water bodies across the globe
has been increasing. As the
planet has warmed, the oceans
have provided a critical buffer.
They have slowed the effects of
climate change by absorbing
93 percent of the heat trapped
by the greenhouse gases.
Research has also shown that
the majority of greenhouse
gases are produced by the
energy industry.

The effects of the warming on marine life

could also have broad repercussions. As
the ocean heats up, it’s driving fish into new
places, and we’re already seeing that that’s
driving conflict between countries. It’s spilling
over far beyond just fish, it’s turned into trade
wars. It’s turned into diplomatic disputes. It’s
led to a breakdown in international relations
in some cases.”
- Dr Pinsky, 2016
68 69
(Pierre-Louis, 2016)
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

2.3 MARINE LIFE

A healthy marine environment provides a myriad of benefits to people and

sustains life on Earth. By protecting key ecosystems, processes, habitats and
species, well managed marine areas can contribute to the restoration and
50% 71%
of the Earth is covered
replenishment of resources for social, economic and cultural enrichment. of the oxygen we by water and it transfers
breathe is supplied heat from the equator
by marine plants. to the poles, regulating
weather patterns.

95%
of the Earth’s marine
3.4%
of the ocean is
95%
of exports and
200
million jobs worldwide
ecosystem has yet under some form imports in the UK are provided by the
to be explored. of protection. come by the sea. marine tourism industry

91% 97% 15%

of the UK’s high-
65%
of all cancer drugs come
of marine species of the Earths’s water quality protein from natural products.
have yet to be supply is contained comes from the Drugs from the sea
classified. in the ocean. oceans (projected are one of the most
to double in the promising new directions
70 next 20 years). of research today. 71
71
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

2.3.1 MARINE LIFE IN RAMSGATE: BIRDS

The Ramsgate coast is an

internationally important
destination for wetland
birds, making birdwatching a
wonderful experience all year
round.

With some of the best examples

of coastal wildlife habitats in
Brent Goose Turnstone
the South East, the coastal
area provides rich foraging
and a temporary home for
thousands of migratory and
wintering wetland birds. These
birds may travel thousands of
miles to take advantage of our
comparatively benign winter
climate.
Wheatear Purple Sandpiper
A walk around the Royal
Harbour and Marina at
Ramsgate is a great introduction
to the area’s coastal birds. The
cliffs around the Harbour are
also home to nesting shags and
overwintering kingfishers. Sanderling Knot

72 73
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

2.3.2 MARINE LIFE IN RAMSGATE: FISH

The Ramsgate pier and

harbour offer plenty of fishing
throughout the year. It is
wildly know for its whiting and
codling in the winter with the
Whiting Cod
rest of the year seeing flatfish
such as Dover sole, pouting
and some school bass.

The pier, as well as other nearby

marks around the harbour
have plenty of mackerel taken
Pollock European Seabass over summer, with garfish
and pollock also taking lures,
spinners and float fished
baits at times but the area can
become packed with anglers.

Beaches offer similar species

Ray Black Bream
with a number of large rays
and smooth-hounds also
caught each year.

This variety of marine life has

Herring Sprat made the area very popular for
fishing.

74 75
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

MARINE 2.3.3
POLLUTION

8 Marine litter is any man-made material that has ended up

in the marine environment after being lost or discarded at
sea or on land. Some litter floats in the oceans, some of
10 it washes onto our coastlines, but most of it settles onto
1 the seafloor. Sources of marine litter include unprocessed
9 waste from sewage treatment plants, items washed down
from rivers and fishing equipment abandoned by boats and
mainly include plastics.
7

2
3

6
4
5

1 Litter dropped in urban centres. 6 Lost/discharged fishing gear.

2 Overflowing litter bins. 7 Recreational litter blown by the wind.
3 Litter dropped at the beach. 8 Poorly managed landfill sites.
4 Industrial waste discharges. 9 Microbeads from personal care products.
776
6 5 Lost shipping containers. 10 Sewage related litter. 77
Chapter 2

10 years
20 years
WASTE DEGRADATION
Cigarette butt
Grocery bag

These wastes all require years to degrade, and while recycling is enough for
some of these items, some are still sent to landfills where they are incinerated. PLASTICS IN
Plastic takes more than
400 years to degrade, so
most of it still exists in
THE OCEANS
50 years
some form.

New methods and

AND SEAS Styrofoam cup

time needed to bio-degrade

philosophies should
thus be applied to find
a way to utilise the
wasted plastic, in a
form of environmental 200 years
remediation, in order Aluminium cans
to reintroduce it into
our systems in a more
sustainable and valuable
way.

9% 99.5 5 2050 400 years

of plastic created million tonnes of trillion pieces of there will be more Beverage holder
between 1950-2015 coastal plastic waste plastic waste in plastic in the marines
is recycled. is created annually. oceans and seas. than fish by this year.
600 years 450 years 450 years
78 Fishing line Plastic bottle Disposable diaper 79
 “An economic system that replaces the “end

THE
of life” concept with reducing, alternatively
reusing, recycling and recovering materials
in design/construction and consumption
processes, operating at the micro (products,

CIRCULAR
companies, consumers), meso (eco-industrials
parks) and macro (city, region, nation and
beyond) levels, with the aim of reducing waste
to accomplish sustainable development and

ECONOMY
improve environmental quality, economy
prosperity and social equity.”

- Kirchherr et al., 2017

80 81
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

INDUSTRIAL METABOLISM IN CIRCULARITY 2.4

To conserve natural environment and landscape on site, the Circular Economy

(CE) is considered as a suitable way to carry out the transition from current
economic models to models of a more sustainable and future-proof nature.

Construction is one of the largest sectors of

“ The built environment has a crucial role to

today’s global economy, representing 13% of
GDP and employing 7% of the world’s working
age population. Moreover, as a result of the play in the economy, creating prosperity,
projected increase in population in Thanet, the innovation and growth.
size of the built environment is set to increase,
- Tim Morris, 2018
putting increasing pressure on urban systems
such as water, energy and waste networks.

Although the past few years have seen countless developments in the energy
efficiency of buildings and the liveability of cities, the built environment in
today’s societies continues to be designed around the linear “take-make-
dispose” model, wherein the materials are sourced, used and then disposed of.
This approach results in significant waste and has contributed to making the
built environment one of the world’s largest consumers of resources and raw
materials, and a major producer of waste and carbon emissions. Thus, architects
should begin moving towards a more cyclical economic model.

Moreover, this method can help the built environment in Ramsgate reach a
point of industrial ecology, creating a symbiosis between the sea ecology and
the urban and industrial typologies.
82 83
(Cheshire, 2016)
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

PRINCIPLES OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY 2.4.1

In a circular economy, renewable materials are used where possible, energy is

WASTE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT provided from renewable sources, natural systems are preserved and enhanced,
and waste and negative impacts are designed out. Materials, products and
components are instead managed in loops, maintaining them at their highest
possible intrinsic value.

A circular approach employs three main principles:

15% 40% 54%

building materials energy in existing demolition materials
wasted during buildings can be landfilled, most
construction. profitably conserved unsuitable for reuse.
Implementing these through use of new technologies could lower industry
costs, reduce negative environmental impacts and make towns more liveable,
productive and convenient. The transition to a circular economy will require
the application of metabolistic thinking, fostering a thriving and resilient
ecosystem at various scales, which helps to create and share value across the
industry

84 85
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

DESIGN APPLICATIONS 2.4.2

macro meso micro

RAMSGATE SITE BUILDING

Ease of Transport to Site. Landscaped Spaces. Mixed Use Functions

Pedestrianised Areas. Distributed Energy Production. Passive Design.

Reutilised Land. In-Situ Construction. Modular and Adaptable.

Shared Spaces. Shared Spaces. Waste Treatment.

Conscious design of public nodes and Biophilic space design and a provision of a Adaptable and flexible interior space design
connections leading to the site. clean energy source is developed for the area. that utilises local materials.

86 87
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

Grammar School and Sixth Form Religious Buildings Housing Cafes and Pubs Retail Restaurants Public Parks and Beaches Hotels

SUMMARY OF PROPOSAL
Existing Typologies
2.5

Proposed Typologies

Port Power Plant Landscape Park Educational Facilities Laboratories New Circulation Routes Educational Rides Public Nodes

88 89
Biomass Power:    
  
  
(

Industrial Park: 

" 

Marine biology:  

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" )      
03
 
    
 

Pyrolysis: 

TYPOLOGY
* 
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# STUDY
   
  

Waste-to-Energy:  

      This section looks at studying the typologies presented through identifying relevant
 $   precedents, their values and how they can aid in the development of the project.
    "    
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90 91
Chapter 3 Typology Study

A HYBRID TYPOLOGY 3.1

The proposal of a new order for a modern day port, whereby the operation of
waste to energy production becomes the basis of an environmentally based,
highly conscious community, leads to the development of a hybrid typology for
this project. This seeks to challenge current conservation approaches undertaken
in Ramsgate in regards to the under-utilization of Thanet’s strong maritime past
which has led to the falling of these forgotten areas into despair due to lack of
funding and carelessness. Synthesized into this town’s past as well as its present
and future desires to develop a “Maritime Village”, the regeneration of this site
provides a circular approach to development that engages Ramsgate’s residents
while alluding to their rich past and their ambitious future. The development of
this port can, over a short period of time, become a catalyst to the job creation
and development across all three towns in Thanet.

The following chapter thus looks at precedents presented based on the analysis
created of the programme in chapters 1 and 2.

“ Mixed-use is prominent now more

than ever because people are looking
for the energy and complexity of an
urban context, and that diversity is
being developed in the city in mixed-
use environments.
- Diamond Schmitt, 2017

92 (Taken by Student, 2020) 93

 Redevelopment of the port to receive small shipments
that the Port of Dover redirects to Ramsgate.

HYBRID A marine research aspect that studies marine life and

healthy ecosystems

BUILDING
A power plant that uses the waste marine researchers
and port and harbour ships collect in order to generate
clean energy and diesel to cycle back into the harbour
and port.

FUNCTION Viewing platforms and amusement-style rides that

can observe and learn from the processes used in the
research centre and plant to keep the sea clean, thus
increasing awareness and leisure.

94 95
Chapter 3 Typology Study

typology

1 PORTS
96 97
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

PORT OF RAMSGATE 3.2

The Port of Ramsgate is a harbour situated in Ramsgate, south-east England,

that served cross-Channel freight traffic and a ferry service until 2013 and
smaller working and pleasure craft which are still in operation. It is run on
behalf of the public by the local authority, Thanet District Council.

Due to the new political and economic reality created by Brexit as well as the
continued growth of global and regional world trade, demand for seaports and
their related services has greatly increased.

The Port of Ramsgate is one of the two ports predicted to gain more uses
following the bureaucracy that ports such as the Port of Dover will begin to
face and due to traffic constraints that might occur around the Port of Dover.

We recognise that Ramsgate could play a role

in supporting post-Brexit resilience by offering
an alternative route from some smaller cross-
Channel traffic, to ensure at least some
movement of goods should there be significant
delays in Dover.

98 99
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.2.1 PRECEDENT: PORT OF ROTTERDAM

Architects: NA

Location: Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Year Built: 1400 - 2030

Total Area: 105,000,000 m2

Believed to be the most sustainable port in the world, the Port of Rotterdam is the largest
seaport in Europe, located in the city of Rotterdam in South Holland, Netherlands. From
1962 until 2004 it was the world’s busiest port. In 2011, Rotterdam was the world’s eleventh-
largest container port in terms of twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) handled. In 2012
Rotterdam was the world’s sixth-largest port in terms of annual cargo tonnage.

(Port of Rotterdam Website, 2020) (Port of Rotterdam Website, 2020)

100 101
Chapter 3 Typology Study

PROGRAMME Covering 105 square kilometres, the port of Rotterdam now stretches over a distance
of 40 kilometres (25 mi). It consists of the city centre’s historic harbour area, including
Delfshaven; the Maashaven/Rijnhaven/Feijenoord complex; the harbours around Nieuw-
Mathenesse; Waalhaven; Vondelingenplaat; Eemhaven; Botlek; Europoort, situated along
the Calandkanaal, Nieuwe Waterweg and Scheur (the latter two being continuations of
the Nieuwe Maas); and the reclaimed Maasvlakte area, which projects into the North
Sea. The Port of Rotterdam is located in the middle of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta.

Rotterdam consists of five distinct port areas and three distribution parks that facilitate
the needs of a hinterland with over 50,000,000 consumers throughout the continent of
Europe.

(Port of Rotterdam Website, 2020)

102 103
Chapter 3 Typology Study

POWER PLANT
On 1 January 2018, China imposed an import ban on plastic waste. Up to that
point, a large share of Rotterdam’s commercial waste was shipped to China for
processing.

In order to develop methods to make the Port of Rotterdam “future proof ”,

analysts came together at Plant One, the knowledge centre at the the port,
and began researching methods to covert plastic waste into oil products using
pyrolysis.

This is still in development as far as this briefing document is aware, and due to
be developed further in 2020.

“The ban forms an opportunity for

Europe to embrace the circular
economy.”
- Ray Georgeson, representative
of the UK Resource Association,
2018
(de Moel, 2018)
104 105
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.2.2 PRECEDENT: PORT OF TALLINN

Architects: Zaha Hadid Architects re-establishes and

Location: Tallinn, Estonia reinforces the links
Year Built: 2030 with the Port of Tallinn
Total Area: Unknown
and the Old Town

(ZHA, 2018) (ZHA, 2018)

106 107
Chapter 3 Typology Study

PROGRAMME
The design revolves around a mixed use scheme that integrates the urban fabric with
movement networks and publix spaces that face the sea. It includes residential, office,
commercial, leisure and infrastructure, creating new urban nodes and public spaces
between them. It aims to become a new destination of shopping and entertainment
amongst the residents of Tallinn. It follows circular economy rules of flexibility and
adaptability.

(ZHA, 2018) (ZHA, 2018)

108 109
CIRCULATION
ZHA rethink the transportation system in the port by establishing new
cruise, pedestrian and ferry access routes, reestablishing the harbour as a new
fully accessible neighbourhood. It focuses on creating new pedestrian access
routes, such as bridges that connect new areas together. This new bridge will
be constructed over the marina and form part of a wider access strategy,
connecting the north and south. The main promenade will be separated from
the main traffic streams, pretecting cycling and pedestrians from nuances
such as noise and exhaust gases.

(ZHA, 2018) (ZHA, 2018)

110 111
LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Landscape design helps reinforce the strategic objectives of the masterplan
(as a new “stream city”) by creating neew hubs that creating biophilic routes
and placemaking that is legible and eases wayfinding. Landspace will enable
the city to reclaim parts of Tallinn that have become too industrialised,
helping harmonie and humanise the space, creating new ways to experience
the harbur and connect different programmes together. It integrates a
sustainable vision that works at a variety of levels, creating energy efficient
spaces where advanced technologies are used.

(ZHA, 2018) (ZHA, 2018)

112 113
FACADE DESIGN
The facade faces the seafront and takes full advantage of views towards it,
creating a biophilic experience for users of all programmes in the design.

(ZHA, 2018) (ZHA, 2018)

114 115
Chapter 3 Typology Study

typology

RESEARCH
2 FACILITIES
116 117
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

SPECIALITIES IN MARINE RESEARCH MARINE RESEARCH FACILITY 3.3

Marine biology is the study of marine organisms, their behaviors and interactions
robotics and new technologies ecology and biodiversity microbial activity
with the environment. Marine biologists study biological oceanography and
the associated fields of chemical, physical, and geological oceanography to
understand marine organisms.

The habitats scientist specialise in in marine biology include everything from

the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be
trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of
the oceanic trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of
the ocean. Specific habitats include coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows,
the surrounds of seamounts and thermal vents, tidepools, muddy, sandy and
rocky bottoms, and the open ocean zone, where solid objects are rare and the
biogeochemistry earth and atmospheric observations climate change impacts surface of the water is the only visible boundary. The organisms studied range
from microscopic to huge whales 25–32 meters in length.

The human body of knowledge regarding the relationship between life in the
sea and important cycles is rapidly growing, with new discoveries being made
nearly every day. These cycles include those of matter (such as the carbon
cycle) and of air (such as Earth’s respiration, and movement of energy through
ecosystems including the ocean). Large areas beneath the ocean surface still
remain effectively unexplored.

Marine research incorporated in this design will focus on marine ecology, looking at studying new technologies
to aid in ocean cleanup and looking at the impact of human waste on the marine environment.

118 119
 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

MARINE RESEARCH IN THE EUROPE 3.3.1

In order to understand the potential and importance of marine research,

the analysis of this typology began with an understanding of the biggest
collaboration research groups for marine sciences in Europe.

OFEG
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120 121
 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

MARINE RESEARCH IN THE UK 3.3.2

Analysis then moved on the a smaller scale, looking at marine research centres
in the UK.

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122 123
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.3.3 PRECEDENT: ALTASEA CAMPUS

Architects: Gensler an urban, ocean-

Location: Port of Los Angeles, California based campus
Year Built: TBD at the Port of Los
Total Area: 37,000 m2
Angeles

(Gensler, 2019) (AltaSea, 2019)

124 125
Chapter 3 Typology Study

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COLLABORATIVE SEA WATER LABORATORIES, OFFICES.

CLASSROOMS, LECTURE HALL AND SUPPORT FACILITIES

DEPARTMENT OF FISH

PHASE 1

HISTORIC WAREHOUSE 1

PHASE 2

GOVERNMENT AGENCY SITE

WAVE TANK AND OPPORTUNITY SITE

INTERPRETIVE CENTRE
126 127
(AltaSea, 2019)
Chapter 3

PHASES

(Gensler, 2019) (Gensler, 2019)

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128 129
Chapter 3 Typology Study

RESEARCH CENTRE
Home to the Southern California Marine Institute, a consortium of 23
universities and colleges, the Science Center will provide a home for the
world’s top scientists to conduct breakthrough ocean-related research
and discover solutions to environmental problems. Through intensive
collaboration, these great minds will conceptualize, identify and address the
most pressing issues facing the ocean today.

(Gensler, 2019) (Gensler, 2019)

130 131
Chapter 3 Typology Study

DOCKS
AltaSea’s unparalleled 4,100 linear feet of waterfront dock and wharf space is
the premiere location on the West Coast in providing research vessels with
direct harbor and open ocean access.

(Gensler, 2019) (Gensler, 2019)

132 133
Chapter 3 Typology Study

SEASIDE FACADE
The design takes full advantage of its coastal location with both its research
(as explained) and its facade. It frames views looking out onto the ocean in
its main auditorium.

(Gensler, 2019) (Gensler, 2019)

134 135
Chapter 3 Typology Study

500,000 726
annual visitors permanenet jobs

URBAN FEASIBILITY
9% 75% It is hoped that AltaSea will act as a
business incubator for marine-related,
increase in the number of increase of tourise visitation
full-time employees by 2020 to the port area
sustainability, and high-tech start-
ups, which could generate additional
demand for office space, establish a new
employment node, and generate new
12% 83% demand from business travelers.
increase in the number of increase of tourise visitation
full-time employees by 2025 to the San Pedro area by 2025

136 137
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.3.4 PRECEDENT: MARINE EDUCATIONAL CENTRE

Architects: NORD Architects

Location: Malmö, Sweden

Year Built: 2014 - 2017

Total Area: 700 m2 building, 3000 m2 landscape

138 139
Chapter 3 Typology Study

This educational centre was first designed with the goal to improve the conditions
for a viable sea by promoting knowledge, awareness and responsibility, similar
to the objectives listed in this brief. It is based on collaborated and research
completed with surrounding universities and research institutes, while also
being open for school visits and educational tours.

It brings visitors closer to hands-on experiences with life in sea and sustainability,
blurring the distinction between architecture and landscape and creating a
smooth transition from coast to sea.

Flexible learning spaces under the unifying roof, creates an environment that
alternates between indoor and outdoor activities and encourage visitors to dive
into a multitude of experiments and science-based knowledge that focus on
marine life.

140 141
Chapter 3 Typology Study

The building is promoting a sustainable approach

The centre will be set in 3,000
and the roof expresses a performative combination
square metres of landscaping,
of sustainable concepts and technique.
including small ponds,
teaching signs on the seabed,
The elevated wedges contain solar panels that harvest
underwater sea binoculars
solar energy to power the building’s heating system,
and planting that are intended
while a rainwater tank collects water to flush the
to mimic an assortment of
centre’s toilets.
marine ecologies and create “an
engaging learning landscape”.

142 143
Chapter 3 Typology Study

typology

POWER
3 PLANTS
144 145
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

POWER PLANT 3.4

Most power plants in the world are thermal plants that use fuel to heat up water
from a reservoir. They are divided into fossil fuel (coal) power plants, which
burn their fuel in order to create the thermal energy to run their external heat
engines. Coal-fired power stations generate over a third of the world's electricity
but cause hundreds of thousands of early deaths each year, due to from air
pollution. As of writing of this brief, only 4 coal powered stations remain in
operation in the UK, with legislation planning to go coal-free by 2025.

Other plants include simple cycle gas plants, where natural gas is ignited and
burned and the heat creates pressure that turns the turbine.

Nuclear power plants use fission

processes to generate electricity, where
uranium nuclei are split which creates
the thermal energy needed to create
steam. It then works just like fossil
fuel power plants where the steam
spins a turbine, generating electricity.

The UK is now shifting to more

renewable sources, such as
hydroelectric facilities, which use
energy from falling water in rivers
and reservoirs to spin a generator,
wind turbines, solar panels, and waste
power plants.

146 147
 POWER GENERATION IN THE UK 3.4.1

Waste sites, including anaerobic digestion plants,

waste incinerators, landfill gas burners and sewage
sludge digestors are a lesser-known source of power,
generating 14% of renewable electricity last year.

148 149
Chapter 2 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

CIRCULAR TECHNOLOGIES: PYROLYSIS 3.4.2

Pyro = heat. Lysis = break down.

14% 58% 96%

reduction of reduction of water reduction of fossil
greenhouse gases. usage. ch year. fuel usage.

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whether recycled or thrown 
  
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)



away, does not mean the   

  



 

    
 


  
    
   
      
 
end of the story.    

150 151
PYROLYSIS PLANT
PYROLYSIS
REACTOR CARBON CHAR
sold to manufacturures
OIL AND GAS in a circular economy.
VAPOUR

GASOLINE

sold to local
provider in
a circular
economy.
LIQUIFIER
MARINE WASTE SHREDDER AND
PELLETISER CONDENSATION LIGHT OIL
HYDROCARBON GAS CATALYSIS
plastic here is shredded into
small pieces that are further
turned into small dry pellets
DIESEL
sold to local
sold and
utility provider as
provided to
HEAVY OIL green power.
ships arriving at
HEAT the port.
POWER
GENERATION

152 lifecycle drawing found in Section 4.4.

Whole 153
WAX
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.4.3 PRECEDENT: SHENZHEN WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT

Architects: Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects and

Gottlieb Paludan Architects

Location: Shenzhen, China

Year Built: 2020

Total Area: 112,645 m2

Proposed for a mountain terrain on the "At the same time it aims to
outskirts of Shenzhen, this waste to energy educate visitors to this growing
plant is expected to incinerate 5,000 tonnes of waste challenge by taking them
rubbish per day – which equates to one third on an elevated walkway tour
of the waste generated by the city’s 20 million of the plant that ends with a
inhabitants each year. 1.5-kilometre panoramic view of
both the surrounding mountains
It will also include a hybrid typology with a and the 66,000-square-metre
series of visitor facilities, including a walkway
roofscape that will be geared
that offers a behind-the-scenes look at the
workings of the plant, before leading up to a
to producing actual renewable
rooftop viewing platform where visitors can energy."
enjoy the view.
- Chris Hardie, 2016

154 155
 Traditional layout of power plants. Creating the initial form, while also placing Allocation of spaces based on function, placing storage towards the back, offices
the control room in the cenre of the plant. and public spaces on the edges, and themain equipment stacked in the centre.

Enclosing the plant with a strongly insulated facade. Being in an open area, it will be subject to a conserable amount of wind, It will include a 66,000-square-metre roof, two thirds of which will be covered with photovoltaic
which can be utilized for natural ventilation scheme to reduce the overall panels, allowing the building to generate its own sustainable supply of energy. Other areas will be
carbon footprint of the building. roof gardens (helping with the heat island effect) and glazing (to allow for daylighting.
156 157
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.4.4 PRECEDENT: COPENHILL POWER PLANT

Architects: Bjarke Ingels Group

Location: Copenhagen, Denmark

Year Built: 2019

Total Area: 16,000 m2

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

This project is a waste-to-energy power plant with an

environmental education hub and an urban recreation
center comprising a ski slope, a hiking trail, and a
climbing wall.

Copenhill’s new facilities integrate the latest technologies

in waste treatment and energy production. due to
its location on the industrial waterfront, where raw
industrial facilities have become the site for extreme
sports, from wakeboarding to go-kart racing, the new
power plant adds skiing, hiking, and rock climbing to
the growing list of recreational activities.

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

Looking at the section of the project, it was

noticed how the volumes were all stacked up in
the interior “in order of height of machienery”
(Ingels, 2019). Due to the site of the machinery
used, the industrial scheme has been combined
with the structual one, wherein the machines
would act as load-bearing structures in the
design.

Moreover, the building’s façade comprises

stacked aluminum bricks, with integrated
glazing positioned to allow daylight inside. The
longest vertical façade boasts an 85-meter-tall
climbing wall that offers views inside the factory.

“By proposing a new breed of

waste-to-energy plant, one that is
economically, environmentally and
socially sustainable, the facility
becomes part of the city and
redefines the relationship between
production and recreation, between
energy infrastructure and social
infrastructure, between factory and
city.”

- David Zahle, 2019

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.4.5 PRECEDENT: BEI TEESIDE POWER PLANT

Architects: Heatherwick Studio The profession must

take this chance to
Location: Teeside, Middlesborough, UK
redefine industrial
Year Built: TBD architecture.

Total Area: 61,000 m2 - Hattie Hartman, 2010

This project focuses on the design of biomass power station that would serve homes in
Stockton, in the north of England. Heatherwick has spoken of his design in saying, “Over
recent decades we have neglected the cultural contribution industrial infrastructure can
make to our society. Power generation is now one of the most hotly debated aspects of
our political futures. With growing urbanization and more power stations being built at
a local level, we need to find new ways to incorporate these buildings into our lives and
make them of benefit to society.”

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

BEI-Teesside will be powered by palm kernel shells - by-products, of the palm oil plantations. The benefits of Sculpted from the A series of large multi-functional The building will be covered in panels planted with indigenous
this are that no land will be diverted from food production or from forestry for the fuel. It will also provide ground, the power spaces are also available to the grasses, helping blend into the environment. Upon approach, the
station fuses with the surrounding community, where building seems to rise indistinguisably from the surrounding flat
the palm growers with additional revenue and clears away a waste product that they cannot use themselves. surrounding landscape to they could even get married or landscape. The exterior is built of organic sweeping curves, making
make a space for walking, hold various events, looking out the facade look more like an art gallery than a power station.
picnicking, tobogganing. over the landscape.

The site is currently has little or no

ecology, wherein the project will create
a suitable habitat for the rare flora and
fauna that return to industrial sites such
as this.

Earth excavated from the site is

banked up to dampen the factory-like
vibrations of the plant’s equipment and
forms planted slopes within a public
Power Park around the station’s base.

The location of the project allows fuel to

be delivered by ship, ensuring no lorries
used in the delivery of fuel. This will
significantly reduce the impact on local
roads when the plant is in operation.

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

Normal power facilities always seem to be collections of separate pieces of equipment placed on the ground next to a chimney. Unlike The power station’s structural geometry is based on the repeated use of identical steel elements and aims to minimize the area of
these typical arrangements, Heatherwick chose to gather the facilities into a singular structure, clustered around an 85-metre high the building envelope. And by leaning on the largest pieces of machinery, it borrows their structure in order to reduce the need to
chimney stack, improving the power station’s functional efficiency, as well as simplifying its composition. construct large and costly column-free spans.

Engineered with the latest technology the building will also contain offices, a visitors' centre and an education resource centre for Inside, the whole building is a living museum and school of power, creating a local resource and tourist attraction by bringing people
Renewable Energy. into contact with a working power facility.

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

50,000 150m
homes powered pounds to construct and operate URBAN FEASIBILITY
“Iconic in stature, this building is sure to
become an exemplar of modern power
49MW 200 station design. The Heatherwick studio
capacity of energy produced jobs created once operational has brought a level of design and artistic
thinking rarely associated with this
typology of building.”

40 80% - Matthew Day, project director.

jobs are created while reduction in carbon and
in construction greenhouse gas emissions

170 171
Chapter 3 Typology Study

AMUSEMENT
typology

4 COASTS

172 173
 Context: Cultural, Political and Societal Positions

LEISURE HARBOURS AND PARKS 3.5

Piers emerged in the late 19th century. They began as attractions in resorts
created along the English seaside in the 18th century. With the development
of transportation, they became frequented by a wide range of people across the
kingdom.

While they began as structures made of No construction is more apealling, or

wood, further developments saw the change more redolent of mortality, than a jetty
of their architectural style into something
more “elegant and robust”.
that sticks out of the shore. It tells men
they can walk on water, and suggests
This scheme will utilise the idea of harbour they can stroll as far towards infinity as
amusement parks in order to create an their engineering can take them. Piers
aspect of interactive observational rides that symbolise escape from the everyday,
go through different labs and workshops,
aiding in educating the public of all age
from the shore, from work, from life itself.
groups on the importance of marine health
and sustainability. - Graham Greene, 2007

174 175
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.5.1 PRECEDENT: AMAZONIA PIER

This student project provides a pleasure-driven critique of the industrial presence of Free Trade
Zones, where large foreign industries take advantage of cheap taxes and labor costs to produce
their goods, by placing their factories in less wealthy countries and cities such as Manaus, Brazil.
In the process of displacing factories to far away places, the consumer is even further removed
form the product and its production process. This new industrial park challenges the relationship
of the consumer versus the consumed and intertwines the former into the latter’s production
process, hybridizing the mechanical manufacturing processes of industry with the mechanics of
amusement rides, juxtaposing themes of consumerism, manufacturing, tourism and pleasure. In
this park, the consumers become an essential part, even a dependant one, of the manufacturing
process while riding the attractions of the park, creating a civilised arcadia; a new form of
educational entertainment.

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.5.2 PRECEDENT: DUISBURG NORD LANDSCAPE PARK

Architects: Latz + Partner Previously a coal plant, the idea was to integrate, develop and interlink the existing patterns
that were formed by the previous use, and to find a new interpretation with a new syntax.
Location: Duisburg, Germany. The existing fragments were to be linked into a “landscape”. In the park, individual systems
operate independently, such as the low-lying water park, the single fields and clumps of
Year Built: 1990 – 2002 vegetation, the promenades at street level connecting parts of the town which were separated
for decades, and the railway park with its high level promenades. They connect only at certain
Total Area: 2 km2 points through specific visual, functional or merely imaginary linking elements.

178 179
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.5.3 PRECEDENT: PARCO DORA

This structure is placed on the former Vitali steel mill. fter the outer skin and
Architects: Latz + Partner large sections of the roof had been dismantled, the 30-metre high red steel
columns now look like a “futuristic jungle”. Lush vegetation and public life have
Location: Turin, Italy taken over this artificial environment, the vast concrete towers and foundations
are being turned into fantastic playgrounds. The section of the hall that still has
Year Built: 2004 - 2012
a roof has become a sheltered multi-functional event space. Bridges also provide
connections and provide pleasant environments with views of the landscape,
Total Area: 370,000 m2
creating a “city balcony” that developed since the demise of the industries.

Cooling towers and slurry basins now hold clean water. They are part of a stormwater management system that collects
rainwater from roofs and surfaces in open rills and channels, and stores it in cisterns. A light installation projects the
play of the waves onto the walls of the towers.

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

PRECEDENT: FUN PALACE 3.5.4

Architects: Cedric Price

Location: London, UK

Year Built: 1965

Total Area: NA

This typological uncertainty is regarded as one of the most innovative of projects in the UK. It is not a
conventionally designed building, but is instead a socially interactive machine, shifting and adapting to the
changing conditions. It focuses on the development of the leisure economy, incorporating technological
advances. The design focused on an open unobstructed space with no main entry, allowing free movement
around the building at any point. Stairtowers and columns are connected to the central open space by pivoting
stairs and escalators. Cranes and pre-fabricated modules would be used to assemple pedagocial, adaptable and
flexible spaces.

This project was a build on time-based urban interventions that were adaptable and impermanent. Therefore,
the building and its facilities act as catalysts for activities and adaptation over time.The idea of Fun Palace
originated with the visionary theatre director, Joan Littlewood (1914–2002), who “pioneered new techniques
of training, design, production and audience participation (…)” (Cedric Price Works 1952–2003 A Forward-
Minded Retrospective 2016, by Samantha Hardingham, p. 47).

The opportunity to engage with learning and entertainment as well as to open up culture, science and education
to the public was considered as an idea for the project. With cultural and educational stances, Fun Palace
was also conceived as a “laboratory of fun” or a “university of the streets”, providing a collection of modern
education and leisure amenities.

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Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.6 PRECEDENTS SUMMARY

Year
Precedent Architect Full Area Typology Benefits of Analysis
Completed

Mixed Use Industrial Port While this scheme is much larger than the Port of Ramsgate, it is still possible to apply same ambitions of circularity
Port of Rotterdam N/A 105,000,000 m2 Ongoing
Waste to Energy Power Plant and zero waste into this project with the utilisation of a pyrolysis power plant.

While this scheme is less industrial than the aimed outcome, it provides a good and elegant biophilic and public
Port of Tallinn ZHA 140,000 m2 2030 Mixed Use Leisure Port
space design that can be reflected in this project.

This scheme is perhaps the closet to what this project aims to achieve, with utilisation of a port, marine research
Mixed Use Research Harbour
AltaSea Campus Gensler 37,000 m2 2030 centre, and leisure spaces. It introduces the potential of certain buildings on site (refer to Appendix A) being
Marine Research Facility
redeveloped, rather than demolished.
While smaller than the intended outcome for this project, this project provides a good understanding into the
Marine Educational 700 m2 building
NORD Architects 2017 Marine Research Facility operation of marine research centres that incorporate education into their schemes, where flexible spaces can be
Centre 3,000 m2 landscape
used in the design of Project 3 to allow for full utilisation of space.
Schmidt Hammer Lassen These three projects all focus on power plant design through the approach of different lens. Copenhill and BEI both
Shenzhen Waste to Energy 112,645 m2 (including
Architects and Gottlieb Paludan 2020 Waste to Energy Power Plant make use of a new way of plant design that is no longer linear, where processes become stacked around a centre in
Plant landscape)
Architects order to create an exciting landscape around them. Copenhill looks at power plant through the eyes of developing a
new landmark for Copenhagen, it builds the processes in a stack in order to achieve a “hill” form that can be used
16,000 m2 including for leisurely activities. BEI Teeside follows a similar aim of conserving the wildlife in the area while also developing
CopenHill BIG Architects 2019 Waste to Energy Power Plant
rooftop a new public realm. This links to the main aim demonstrated in this project and thus the special arrangement of the
industrial process will be greatly influenced by these three projects. Façade and environmental design will also be
taken from these projects into project 3, wherein they incorporate lightweight facades and roofs that aid in the
61,000 m2 (including collection of energy and the creation of a net zero energy building in the long term. This is further analysed in
BEI-Teesside Heatherwick Studio N/A Biomass Power Plant
landscape) Chapter 4.

This projects emulates the aim of creating rides or observation desks that look out into the processes undertaken in
Amazonia Pier Julien Nolan N/A N/A Amusement Harbour
the marine research centre and the power plant in order to create a form of educational tourism.
Having analysed the
selected schemes in Duisburg Nord Landscape
Latz + Partner 2,000,000 m2 2002 Industrial Landscape Park These landscape design architectures both provide examples of methods of looking at an industrial landscape with
relation to their typology, Park a new lens, and redefining it into a public and exciting space of connection and observation. While these schemes
this section will then are quiet big, it is important to keep in mind the scale of the site and understand how they might develop in the
design process to fit a more seaside based landscape. Aspects such as public spaces and walkways and bridges
develop this analysis into Parco Dora Latz + Partner 370,000 m2 2012 Industrial Landscape Park will be further developed and designed into the project.
listing the main lessons
learnt from the analysis Fun Palace Cedric Price N/A 1965 Mixed Use Industrial
This project can be referred to later on during the design project in aiming to change an industrial and scientific
typology into a “laboratory of fun” that reflects the architectural philosophies in piers and harbours.
of these precedents.

184 185
Chapter 3 Typology Study

3.7 ON-SITE SPACE ALLOCATION Landscape design of the Royal Marine

will also be redeveloped in order to
achieve the aims and objectives of this
project.
Having analysed some overall space types and qualities of spaces achieved in a variety of
precedents, as well as their relationship to context, investigating relative spatial relationships
will provide insight into different responses to function.

Three project of the ones analysed were chosen to check their validity on site in terms of scale.

Each of these three selected schemes easily fit within the boundaries of the site. While some do
exceed the overall building area requirement stated in the brief, it is important to note that this
occurs due to the researched area values take into consideration the total areas (including that 37,000 m2
which is landscaped).

The site has a total area of 17,000,000 m2, this can be spatially arranged as shown in the
diagram on the right to fit all both schemes. In reflection of the AltaSea Project,
the marine facilities are places near
37,000 m2 for the AltaSea harbour, landscape and research facilities, existing office buildings currently on
site, allowing their repurpose into
2
61,000 m for the BEI power plant with its surrounding lanscape, and research spaces.

It is also shown to fit the total area of the Parco Dora scheme,with an area of

370,000 m2 for the total landscape of Paro Dora.

61,000 m2 The power plant is likely to be placed
This thus allows for the full utilisation of the site, where elements of the marine research facility, near the port head, allowing small travel
for example, and offices, can be distributed around the site, creating public spaces between distance in refueling the ships from the
them. port using green fuel produced in pyrolysis.

186 187
Chapter 3 Typology Study
12 JAN

11 01 DEV FEB 3.8 PREDICTED USE

OF SPACE

10 02 NOV MAR Port

RoRo Ferry
Recycling Points

Marine Research Facilities

Laboratories
Auditoria
09 03 OCT APR Seminar Rooms
Offices
Shared Workspaces

Pyrolysis Power Plant

Offices
Control Room
Plant: Plastic Shredder, Liquidiser.
08 04 SEPT MAY Pyrolysis Reactor, Cooler
Storage
Vehicular Access

07 05 Amusement Harbour
AUG JUNE
Public Interventions
06 JULY Connecting walkways and
bridges
Observation Desks
DAILY USE PATTERN SEASONAL USE PATTERN

188 189
 climate and possible site analysis

what would be more important is how your environmental ideas mediate between this
and what your scheme is aiming
TUESDAY to achieve
04/02 – eg, is night cooling a viable option for
the building activity on the site you have adopted
WEDNESDAY 05/02 MORNING
You could pick up on Alistair’s idea of the environmental cartoon to layer more
information on a stated intention to adopt passive strategies if this is your intention,
or if your building type implies deep plan spaces, the same diagram type could be
used to illustrate how the need to provide space for services forces up floor to ceiling
height 04
If the UN sustainability criteria are useful to you make use of them – pick the ones
that are core to your approach and work them in with your intended (at this stage)
approach
TECHNICAL AND
There will naturally be links to the materiality and structural approach in your scheme
– if you are using thermal mass where is this provided, if you are using a frame
structure, you can have lots of large interconnected spaces through which air can
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
travel, if you are planning a transparent envelope, how do you provide insulation, if
the envelope is load bearing, how does the structural behaviour coordinate with the
openings for light, solar gain and ventilation and how does insulation sit within the
build-up (back to thermal mass again).
This section begins the brief by setting the main environmental and technical goals
key environmental opportunities and threats inherent to your chosen site and this project will aim to achieve. It will begin by listing the aims and their quantifiable
measures, then moving on with an analysis of Ramsgate and potential. Following
your ideas around how your proposed building will exploit or protect itself from this, the aims will be analysed with a focus on strategies needed to achieve them and
these. ways to quantify their success. It will then conclude with outlining the nature of the
building project and how the strategies are implemented in its general process.
How are you going to deliver a project that is able to operate at near zero carbon
output over the course of a typical year?

How are you looking beyond the basic comfort needs of building users towards
environments that engender good health and wellbeing?

Show us through an analysis of appropriate features specific to your site and an Word count: 998
190 exploration of the functions present in your design brief how you propose to 191
develop your building design and environmental strategies that function effectively
and enhance the overall qualities of your architectural thinking.
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Stretegies

ENVIRONMENTAL AIMS 4.1




 
 
&
DH
 
     
   
 
     

 
 

To develop a closed loop circular economy, 

     

 
     
  
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quantified through the use of various metrics 


 
  
 
  

and LCA. 

&@4  
  

  

To achieve net zero energy and net zero carbon

outcome, quantified through simulation tools
and calculations.
This goal is adhered to This goal is reflected In order to achieve a This goal will be As shown in Section
with the programme in the overarching aim circular economy and targeted in terms of 4.4, the main source
of the proposal, set for this project net zero, new methods developing a design of the power plant
creating a new source in Chapter 1, done of construction such with a very minimal input will be taken
of clean energy in through a combination as those stated in carbon footprint, from the litter in the
Ramsgate. of 6 objectives. Section 4.3.4 will be having net zero sea, helping achieve
investigated. carbon and energy. this goal.

192 193
Chapter 4 Technical
TTe
ecch
hnniical
cal an
ca and
nd E
En
Environmental
nvir
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Strategies
rate
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4.1 OVERVIEW: SITE

The scheme will be developed on the currently

underutilised Port of Ramsgate, located on the south
eastern coast of England in the district of Thanet.

This section will present an overview into the climate

conditions on site, specifically looking at the temperatures,
wind speed, precipitation, humidity, air quality and noise
quality.

194 195
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Strategies

TEMPERATURE WIND
 
  7M
! 8:
M 
&0This is used to ensure the building
is orientated to allow for natural ventilation.'

  
   This suggests the need for wind
towers and for allowing room for MVHR to be added in the future
where natural ventilation will not be enough.

    9J#

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8HJ#  A
  
   



 


 

 
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9
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L
 !
 It is suggested that a Ground-Source heat pump be utilised for this purpose,
creating a low energy and easily adaptable heating system.

196 197
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Stretegies

PRECIPITATION HUMIDITY

 



 

 
 





 
  rainwater collection, working with
SDGs, which can be circulated back to the building.
 

  
 

 G:N),8D
J#This will be controlled by the use of a dehumidifier and MVHP%



 "
 multiple ventilation strategies to be implemented 
  


198 199
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Stretegies

SOLAR AIR QUALITY

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200 201
Chapter 4

4.2 SWOT ANALYSIS

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
A ground source heat pump can be implemented for heating systems Gaining people’s cooperation to achieve goals such
as keeping the marine environment clean
Solar Access allows the development of a PV scheme and a heating
method in the colder seasons Increase in tides and water levels can lead to flooding

New methods of waste collection and cleaning of the marine Overheating can potentially occur in the summer,
environment can be implemented where shading devices and ventilation will need to
work against in order to prevent
Masterplan can include pedestrianisation in order to improve overall
health and wellbeing Wind speed may be too high on some winter days
(as the site is located along a long coastal location),
Solar shading and ventilation systems can be used to prevent leading to additional drag and thus discomfort in
overheating in the summer interior spaces, this may hint towards the inefficiency
of a long term use of natural ventilation.
Wind speed show potential for natural ventilation as the only
strategy for cooling in the summer The unpredictable nature of climate change is leading
to an increase in temperatures, flood potential for
PassiveHaus design can be applied to ensure the building is airtight coastal areas, and humidity, while also decreasing
and thermally sufficient (in terms of wall build up) to decrease wind speed.
conduction heat losses.

202 203
 CIRCULARITY 4.3

#/
  
   
    1@ 8::K2 
 
  
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A
 
 

: construction, use and recovery or end-of-life.

0     

 
   
 

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A combination of the metrices presented on the left will be

used as well as the Life-Cycle Analysis, looking at developing
a circular system in the construction of the project (using
low carbon and easily transportable materials) in the use
and programme of the project (in terms of decreasing
the operational energy used) and in the end of life of the
building (creating modular and adaptable spaces that can
be utilised throughout the process).

204 205
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Stretegies

CIRCULARITY: IN CONSTRUCTION 4.3.1

1 EMBODIED CARBON EMISSIONS 2 MATERIAL ORIGIN

The RICS professional standards and guidance Materials in a circular economy should A stone found in chalk, Flint is
will used for the basis of calculations here. As be locally sourced (as analysed in the extensively used for building in
represented in Figure x, this factor is divided embodied carbon emissions) and areas near the coast. It makes a
into 5 different building development periods. preference is given to using recycled durable low carbon building stone
For simplicity, calculating the embodied carbon materials that are already available and is used in many contexts.
of wall types will be divided into 3 categories within a close vicinity of the site.
at this stage, embodied carbon of materials in
the wall build-ups (A1-A3), transport (A4) and
construction (A5) (RICS, 2017).

206 207
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Stretegies

4.3.2 CIRCULARITY: IN USE

1 OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS 2 CRADLE-TO-CRADLE PROGRAMME

The first factor looked at here is that of Materials in a circular economy should be locally sourced (as analised in the
the carbon emissions, wherein the RICS embodied carbon emissions) and preference is given to using recycled materials
professional standards and guidance is used that are already available within a close vicinity of the site.
for the basis of calculations and analysis
(RICS, 2017). As represented in Figure
13, below, this indicator is divided into 6
different categories.

208 209
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Stretegies

4.3.4 STRATEGIES FOR CIRCULARITY

1 BUILDING IN LAYERS 4 MINIMISING ENERGY

Various elements have different lifespans and thus need to maintained without
This creates a strong link to the second environmental aim established; creating
damaging adjacent layers. Thus, buildings need to be built into different
a net zero energy and carbon scheme. Strategies of this are described in the
complexity levels identified to be: site, structure, services, plan and stuff (Brand,
figure below.
1994), allowing the structure and the fabric to be adaptable, while the internals
can be designed to be reusable (Arup, 2016).

2 MINIMISING WASTE

Structural waste, arising from inefficiencies in planning and created on the

construction site, can be minimised early in the design process. Examples of this
include guaranteeing that no cut-offs are created. This requires an expansive bill
Ventilation with Heat Recovery Passive House Windows
of materials to be created in the design process (Pomponi and Moncaster, 2017;
Zaman and Lehmann, 2013).

3 MATERIAL SELECTION

This indicator focuses on the importance of selecting materials whose origin and
potential designation at the EoL is known (virgin, reused, recycled; technical
or biological). Thus, when selecting materials, their constituent elements and Air-tightiness Thermal Insulation
origins need to be known (Baker-Brown, 2017).

210 211
Chapter 4 Technical and Environmental Stretegies

PRECEDENT: THE ENTERPRISE, UEA 4.3.5

Architects: Architype
5 DESIGN FOR ADAPTABILITY
Location: UEA, Norwich

Buildings should accommodate change, where “if a building does not support Year Built: 2013 - 2015
reuse, [it is] an illusion of sustainability” (Croxton, 2003). Designs need to
consider how the building can be converted to different uses over time, and Total Area: 3,400 m2
how that might affect design configuration.
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6 DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY 

H7H*    


 
 
 

 
!






This principle allows components, or even whole buildings to become assets
 

independent of the value of the site (Verberne, 2016). Materials also have
DMD:  
more value if they are extracted, where buildings act as material banks. Brad,

 



Ciarimboli and Chiodo (2005) have theorised that the principles of designing

K:N 
for disassembly (DfD) are based upon the fact that we cannot predict the future.
     

Thus, it should be simple to disassemble sections back into components and to

  
   
reassemble them in the new combination (Durmisevic & Brouwer, 2006).
    /'+
*    



  

 
  
 



212 213
 PassiveHaus (net zero) strategies, explain earlier in this
waste is separated waste is trasported to the plant
SHREDDER AND PELLETISER LIQUIFIER chapter, are implemented in the scheme.

plastic here is shredded into small pieces that

are further turned into small dry pellets

Waste here is brought

from ships that collect
plastic waste from
PYROLYSIS
the ocean as well as POWER
produce their own
waste to be separated
PLANT
and sent to the pyrolysis
power plant on site.
CONDENSORS OIL VAPOUR
MARINE WASTE

LIGHT OIL ENERGY

POWER PLANT AND

MARINE RESEARCH
GASOLINE
CENTRE
This schematic diagram
represents the general circular
loop that will be implemented
in the building scheme based
on the typologies refered
to in chapter 3 and the DIESEL Circular economy strategies, explain earlier in this chapter, Renewable energy, such as PV panels and offshore wind
environmental aims.
214 are implemented in the scheme. farms, willbe used to generate electricity and heat water. 215
 05

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND
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216 217
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222 223
 APPENDIX A

RAMSGATE PORT
CURRENT FACILITIES

This section presents the most updated Port of Ramsgate Operations and Facilities.

224 225
226 227
 DANIAH AL MOUNAJIM

456,5+76,

228