FINAL EXAMINATION FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE 4

(LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING)

1. Which of the following refers to the process of b. Predicate

reasoning which proceeds from general to c. Middle Term
specific? d. None of the above
a. Reduction
b. Deduction 9. The name of the following argument form is...
p → q ~ p ∴ ~ q
c. Induction
a. Denying the consequent
d. Injunction
b. Disjunctive syllogism
2. Which of the following refers to the process of
c. Modus Tollens
reasoning which proceeds from specific to
d. Modus Ponens
general?
10. It is impossible for a valid argument to have
a. Reduction
true premises and…
b. Deduction
a. True conclusion
c. Induction
b. Negated conclusion
d. Injunction
c. False conclusion
3. Identify the simple conversion of the
d. Disjunctive condition
statement: “No successful person is stupid.
11. Which of the following shows commutation?
But some college graduates are stupid.”
a. (p v q) = ( q v p)
a. Not all college graduates are
b. (p . q) = ( p v p)
successful.
c. (p v q) = ( q . p)
b. All college graduates are successful.
d. (p . q) = ( q v p)
c. Some college graduates are successful.
12. If a thing is a plant, then it is not a non-plant.
d. No college graduates are successful.
What type of inference is this?
4. Which is NOT a type of hypothetical
a. Distribution
syllogism?
b. Transposition
a. Conditional syllogism
c. Double Negation
b. Disjunctive syllogism
d. Association
c. Conjunctive syllogism
13. Identify the mutation of the statement: “some
d. Proposition Statements
successful persons are studious. But all
5. Which is the symbolization of conjunction?
students are studious.”
a. p → q c. p v q
a. Some successful persons are students.
b. p & q d. p > q
b. Some students are successful persons
6. In a disjunction, even if one of the statements
c. Some students are not successful.
is false, the whole disjunction is still
d. Some successful are not students
a. False c. Both
14. In a conditional statement, “if not” introduces
b. True d. Undetermined
a. Negative conclusion
7. In a conditional statement, the first part is the
b. Positive conclusion
subject and the second part is the
c. Negative hypothesis
a. Consequent
d. Positive hypothesis
b. Predicate
15. In a conditional statement, “then not”
c. Middle Term
introduces
d. None of the above
a. Negative conclusion
8. Which term is used other than the subject and
b. Positive conclusion
predicate?
c. Negative hypothesis
a. Consequent
 d. Positive hypothesis b. Always false d. sometimes true
16. What is the accidental conversion of: “All 25. If “not q” is true the “p” is:
logicians are critical. But all logicians are a. Always true
intelligent.”? b. Always false
a. No intelligent is critical c. Sometimes true, sometimes false
b. Some intelligent are not critical d. Cannot be determined
c. All intelligent are critical 26. If Mark is not a non-human, then it follows
d. Some intelligent are critical that he is:
17. What is the symbol for tautology? a. Animal c. Not an animal
a. p = (p v p) c. p = (p . q) b. Human d. Not a human
b. p = (q v p) d. p = (q . p) 27. Propositional logic uses symbols to stand for
18. Which is NOT a method of inference? statements and:
a. Simplification a. Nonstatements
b. De Morgan’s Theorem b. The relationships between subject and
c. Addition predicate
c. Truth values
d. Conjunction
d. The relationships between statements
19. If it is raining, then Juan is absent. But it is 28. Identify the indirect reduction of the
raining, so Juan is absent. This follows p / .: q statement: “Not all successful persons are
a. Modus ponens smart. But all college graduates are smart.”
b. Modus tollens a. Not all successful persons are college
c. Modus operandi graduates.
d. None of the above b. All college graduates are successful.
20. If it is raining, then Juan is absent. But Juan is c. Some college graduates are successful.
not absent, so it is not raining. It follows -q / .: d. No college graduates are successful.
-p 29. Identify the simple conversion of the
a. Modus ponens statement: “No successful persons are stupid.
b. Modus tollens But some college graduates are stupid.”
c. Modus operandi a. Not all college graduates are
d. None of the above successful..
21. If a person is a criminal , then he is in prison. b. All college graduates are not
The underlined phrase is: successful.
a. Hypothesis c. Some college graduates are successful.
b. Conclusion d. No college graduates are not
c. Negation successful.
d. Positive 30. If a man is not a woman, then a woman is not
22. If a person is a criminal, then he is in prison. a man.
The underlined phrase is: a. Conjunction c. Tautology
a. Hypothesis b. Transposition d. Disjunction
b. Conclusion 31. Which is the symbol for association?
c. Negation a. [p. ( q . r)] = [(p v q) . r]
b. [p. ( q v r)] = [(p . q) . r]
d. Positive
c. [p. ( q v r)] = [(p v q) . r]
23. How is the truthfulness and falsity of the d. [p. ( q v p)] = [(r v q) . r]
hypothesis and conclusion determined? 32. Which is NOT a method of replacement?
a. Venn diagram c. Truth table a. Commutation c. Transposition
b. Fact sheet d. False table b. Association d. Simplification
24. If “not p” is true the “p” is: 33. In as much as the conclusion is deduced from
a. Always true c. Undetermined the premises, it will always be:
 a. False c. Correct 44. Addition is symbolized as:
b. Valid d. Undetermined a. p / .: q v q c. p / .: p v p
34. If students will study very hard, they will b. p / .: p v q d. p / .: q v p
finish college. Jose studies hard. 45. If Ana is taller than Jay and Jay is shorter than
a. Jose will not finish college Sheena. Who is the tallest of the three?
b. Jose will finish college a. Ana c. Not certain
c. Jose will not enter college b. Sheena d. None of the
d. Jose will fail college above
35. All musical instruments make sounds. 46. If it is sunny, then Peter is happy. But it is
Airplanes make sounds. sunny, so Peter is happy . This follows p / .: q
a. Airplanes are music a. Modus ponens c. Modus operandi
b. Airplanes are not instruments.
b. Modus tollens d. None of the above
c. Airplanes are musical instruments.
d. None of the above 47. If it is sunny, then Josh is playing. But Josh is
36. All muscles are made out of living tissue. All not playing, so it is not sunny. It follows -q / .:
humans have muscles. -p
a. No human is made up of tissue. a. Modus ponens c. Modus operandi
b. Some humans are made up of tissue. b. Modus tollens d. None of the above
c. All humans are made out of living 48. How is validity of the proposition illustrated?
tissue
a. Venn diagram c. Truth table
d. No humans are made out of living
tissue b. Fact sheet d. False table
37. All art is an imitation of nature. Music is art. 49. Which DOES not belong to the group?
Therefore, music is an imitation of nature. a. A proposition c. I proposition
a. Valid c. False b. E proposition d. None of the above
b. Invalid d. Inconsistent 50. Which DOES not belong to the group?
38. Recognized rules, laws, theories, and other a. I proposition c. O proposition
widely accepted truths are used to prove that a b. E proposition d. None of the above
conclusion is right.
a. True c. Undetermined
b. False d. None of the above
39. Which is the symbol for De Morgan’s Prepared by:
theorem?
a. – (q . p) = (–q v – p)
b. – (p . q) = (–p v – q) ALBIN JAY C. TABAMO, LPT
c. – (p . p) = (–p v – q) Course Instructor
d. – (q . p) = (–p v – q)
40. My neighbor’s cat hisses at me daily. At the
pet store, all the cats hiss at me. Therefore, all
cats probably hate me.
a. True c. Undetermined
b. False d. None of the above
41. The cost of college has been increasing over
the past several decades. Therefore, higher
taxes on the rich are probably the best way to
help middle class America thrive.
a. True c. Undetermined
b. False d. None of the above
42. If A = B and B > C, then:
a. A < C c. A = C
b. A > C d. B < C
43. If X > Y and Y < Z, then:
a. X > Z c. X < Z
b. X = Z d. Undetermined