IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol.

5 Issue 5, May 2018

ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968
www.ijiset.com

Implementation of Highly efficient AC Chopper

using Bi-directional Switches
Mohd Yasir Rafi1, Er. Sudhanshu Tripathi2
1
Research Scholar, Dept. Of Electrical Engineering, S.I.E.T., SHUATS, U.P., India
2
Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Electrical Engineering, S.I.E.T., SHUATS, U.P., India

Abstract - After the evolution of Power Electronics in recent years the

conversion from Ac to Ac power has been drastically improved. This
paper describes modified version of AC Buck-Boost Voltage regulator.
Voltage regulator is capable of Bucking & Boosting of supply voltage
in any desired manner. Here, a highly efficient AC chopper circuit is
presented on Matlab. Thus, performance characteristics & its analysis
has been carried out on a fixed input parameters. The proposed model
does not contain any transformer, thus, various transformer losses are
reduced. Also it does not contain any DC component, thus, it is a direct
AC to AC converter.

Key Words: Single phase AC Chopper, Buck-Boost operation,

Bidirectional Switches.

1. INTRODUCTION

Traditionally in industry, the ac-ac power conversions are

performed by using ac thyristor power controllers, which use the
phase angle or integral cycle control on input ac voltage, to get Fig. 1 AC-AC PWM Buck-Boost converter.
the desired output ac voltage. However, the obvious
disadvantages of ac thyristor controllers such as low power 2. Methodology:
factor, large total harmonic distortion in source current and
lower efficiency, have limited their use. For ac-ac power The new ac-ac buck-boost regulator circuit is derived from its
conversions with variable frequency and voltage, the use of counterpart topology used for dc-dc conversion. The input to the
indirect ac-ac converters with dc-link , and matrix converters regulator is ac and the switch used is a bi- directional switch,
have been advanced because they can obtain better power factor which is made of a unidirectional switch combined with four
and efficiency, and smaller filter requirements. However, for diodes. It is envisaged that ac-ac conversion by the buck-boost
applications in which only voltage regulation is needed, the topology using a single bi-directional switch is possible by the
direct PWM ac-ac Converters. philosophy of half cycle to half cycle conversion individually
All of these direct PWM AC – AC converters in are obtained and connecting the outputs to the load either in wired OR, or in
from their dc-dc counterparts, where all bidirectional devices differential mode.
.However, each topology has its own limitations; the buck type
ac-ac converter, can only step-down the input voltage while
boost type can only step-up the input voltage. The buck-boost
and Cuk topology can both step-up and step-down the input
voltage, however, the phase angle is reversed. Moreover, both
topologies have disadvantage of higher voltage stress across
switches, and there are discontinuous input and output currents
in case of the buck-boost converter. The Cuk topology can
overcome the currents discontinuity but at the cost of additional
passive components; increasing the size and cost of converter
and decreasing the efficiency .All of the direct PWM ac-ac
converters have a common commutation problem, which occurs Fig.2 Block Diagram
because compared to the ideal situation in which the
complementary. Such conversion has the advantage of input current being in
phase with supply voltage without additional sensing and control
circuits and the high frequency chopped input current can be
made near sinusoidal with small input filter resulting in low
input current THD and high power factor. In the wired
connection to the load both half cycles appear at the output load.
In the differential connection average dc of the individual
outputs are cancelled out and the load voltage lower than the
expected peak to peak is available. In the differential mode of

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 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 5, May 2018
ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968
www.ijiset.com
connection two quadrant operation of single switch converter in
each positive and negative cycle of the supply voltage is
Table 2: Output of proposed Circuit
necessary because path for current flow from load to source is
necessary when the switch is OFF. Reducing the number of DUTY VOLTAGE p.f.
control switch makes the design simple, cost effective and
reliable. Input current distortion to the circuit is in acceptable
CYCLE GAIN η%
range and the circuit exhibit good performance in respect to
input power factor, input current THD and efficiency in a given 0.3 1.25 0.79 24.3
range of duty cycle. The proposed circuit is simulated using
Matlab simulator and the performance of circuit is analyzed. 0.4 1.87 0.78 26.6

0.45 1.89 0.77 30.5

3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 0.5 2.01 0.77 45.3

The single phase ac-ac converter has the capability to buck/boost 0.55 1.78 0.77 65.5
voltage, and this can be used to overcome voltage sag or voltage
rise in power system. Simulation was carried out first with a fixed
ac input voltage and a range of increasing value of duty ratio. 0.6 1.61 0.75 69.8
Two sets of waveforms were recorded for 40% and 60% duty
cycles respectively. It is required to note that there is no phase 0.65 1.60 0.74 75.8
difference between load and input voltages. Moreover, no
additional filter was used to get smooth sinusoidal output voltage 0.7 1.75 0.74 80.2
across the load for this topology.

DUTY VOLTAGE p.f.

CYCLE GAIN η% Input Voltage at 40% duty cycle: The amplitude
is fixed at 300 V. This value can be changed accordingly. When
0.3 0.87 0.65 23 we want to buck or boost the output we give gate pulse of 40%
duty cycle.
0.4 1.03 0.68 23.5

0.45 1.1 0.68 24.2

0.5 1.2 0.7 23.8

0.55 1.3 0.7 25.4

0.6 1.4 0.7 24.6

0.65 1.53 0.73 24.6

0.7 1.68 0.74 26.5

Table 1: Output result without input filter

Output Voltage at 40% duty cycle: The
amplitude of the output voltage is boosted up as compared to
The simulation results clearly show that this new ac-ac converter duty cycle of 30%.
can operate in both inverting and non-inverting modes. That is,
step down , step up and inverted outputs can be obtained from
this single converter topology by adjusting the switching
patterns of the switches. The proposed circuits provide
controllable ac output with very low input current distortion and
high input power factor. The efficiency of the circuits are
predictably variable with change in duty cycle of the gate pulse
of the controlling switch.

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 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 5, May 2018
ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968
www.ijiset.com

Output Current at 40% duty cycle: The output current is also

boosted up with duty cycle of 40%.Whatever be the value of
input voltage , the output current varies in accordance with the
output voltage with the same duty cycle for both.
Output Current at 60% duty cycle: The output current
depends on the output voltage. The peak amplitude of the
current is increased as compared to lesser duty cycles. We can
obtain RMS as well as the average value of this current.

Input voltage at 60% duty cycle: When the input voltage is

increased or decreased with 60% duty cycle the response of the
input gives better efficiency and voltage gain. Power factor is
also improved.

3. CONCLUSIONS:

A new scheme for single phase AC-AC Buck-Boost converter is

proposed that has low input current THD and good input power
factor. It also has acceptable efficiency for selective range of duty
cycle. The proposed circuit does not require any additional
control scheme to reduce harmonics. Based on the results
obtained from simulation , the proposed circuit can be
considered for AC-AC conversion with low harmonic distortion,
high input power factor and acceptable range of efficiency. The
circuit is investigated and reported with low switching frequency
which is desired for its applicability in medium & high power
applications. The proposed AC-AC Buck-Boost converter circuit
Output Voltage at 60% duty cycle: The output voltage with deliver promising aspects.
60% duty cycle gives much better boosted voltage as compared
to 40% duty cycle. Various parameters are considered for
obtaining the desired output within a given range of duty cycles.

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 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 5, May 2018
ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968
www.ijiset.com

4. Recommendation for future work:

The proposed AC-AC Buck-Boost regulator will be

implemented practically in laboratory in future. For the proposed
circuit to obtain a good efficiency we have to vary both the duty
cycle and switching frequency manually according to out
requirements, but it is also possible to make an automatic control
technique which can be done in future.

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