DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT(TC)

Udayapura, Kanakapura Road, BENGALURU-560082

(All six branches of Engg. accreditated for 3 years by NBA, New Delhi)

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

QUESTION BANK

COMPLEX ANALYSIS, PROBABILITY AND

STATISTICAL METHODS
(18MAT41)

Compiled by:

Dr. K.A.Vidya

Mrs.Vinodalakshmi.N

Dr.Shilpa.P

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 COURSE OUTCOMES

[CO1]: Use the concepts of analytic function and complex potentials to solve the
problems arising in electromagnetic field theory.

[CO2]: Utilize conformal transformation and complex integral arising in fluid flow
visualization and image processing.

[CO3]: Apply discrete and continuous probability distributions in analyzing the

probability models arising in engineering field.

[CO4]: Fit a suitable curve for given data and analyze the relationship between two

variables using statistical methods.

[CO5]: Apply the knowledge of joint probability distributions and Markov chains in
attempting engineering problems for feasible random events.

[CO6]: Understand the concepts of sampling theory and apply it to related real life
problems.

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 MODULE-I

Calculus of complex functions [CO1]

Review of function of a complex variable, limits, continuity, and differentiability. Analytic functions:
Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian and polar forms and consequences. Milne-Thomson method-
Problems.
COMPLEX VARIABLES

1. Obtain the necessary conditions in the Cartesian system, for a function f(z) to be analytic in a region R
(7M)(DEC-11)
2. Define Analytic function and obtain Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian-form
(5M)( JAN-14,15,16, 18,20)
3. If f(z)=u(r,θ) + iv(r,θ) is an analytic function , show that u and v satisfies the equation
 2 1  2 1  2
+ + = 0. (7 M) (DEC-12)
r 2 r r r 2  2
4. Derive Cauchy-Riemann equations in polar-form
(6M)( JAN-09,17, 18,19,JUN-16)
5. Define an analytic function in a region R any show that f(z) is constant, if f(z) is an analytic function
with constant modulus. (6M)(JUN-14)
6. Show that z n is analytic. Hence find its derivative. (7M) )(JUN- 10,JAN-17)
7. Verify whether 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑧 is analytic, hence obtain the derivative (6M)(JUN-15)
8. Define Harmonic function. Prove that real and imaginary parts of an analytic function are Harmonic
(7M)(JUN-15)
𝑦
9. Determine the analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) whose imaginary part is 𝑥 2+𝑦2 (7M)(JUN-15)

X
10. Find the analytic function whose real part is u= X 2 − Y 2 + . (7M) (JUNE-11,JAN-16)
X +Y2
2

x 4 − y 4 − 2x
11. Find the analytic function whose real part is u = . (5M)(JAN-18)
x2 + y2

3
 k2
12. Find the analytic function f(z) whose imaginary part is (r − ) sin( ) , r  0 and hence find the real
r
part of f(z) (7M)(JAN-18)
1
13. Find the analytic function f(z) whose imaginary part is (r − ) sin( ) (5 M)(DEC-18)
r

x
14. Find the analytic function f (z) =u+iv, given u-v= e (cosy-siny). (7 M)(DEC-11)

15. Determine the analytic function, f(z)= u+iv , if u-v =

cos x + sin x − e − y
2(cos x − cosh y )
and f  = 0
2
( )
(7M)(DEC-08, JUN-14)

16. Find the analytic function u+iv, where u is given to be u= e x (x 2 − y 2 )cos y − 2 xy sin y 
(7M)(JUN-10,DEC 12)
17. Find the analytic function f(z)=u+iv, if v= e x ( x sin y + y cos y ). (6M)( JUN- 09)

18. Show that u= e 2 x ( x cos 2 y − y sin 2 y ) is harmonic. Find the analytic function f(z)=u+iv.
(7M)(JUN-09) (JUNE-16)
dw
19. If w = z3 find . (7M)(JUL-13)
dz
20. Given u-v = (x-y)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) find the analytic function f(z)=u+iv (6M)(DEC-13, DEC-18)
y
21. Prove that u = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 and v = are harmonic functions of (x, y). But are not harmonic
x + y2
2

conjugate. (7M)(JUN-14)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
22. Find an analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) whose real part is 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑦−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 and hence find its imaginary part.

(7M)(JAN-15)
2

23. If f(z)=u+iv is an analytic function , then prove that   f ( z )  +   f ( z )  = f 1 ( z )

2
2

 x   y 

(6 M)(DEC-09, 12, 13,14)

2

24. If f(z) is a regular function of z , Show that   f ( z )  +   f ( z )  = f 1 ( z )

2
2
(7M)(JAN-18)
 x   y 

𝜕2 𝜕2
25. If 𝑓(𝑧) is a regular function of z, show that [ + ] |𝑓(𝑧)|2 = 4|𝑓 ′ (𝑧)|2
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

(7M)(JAN-16,20) (JUNE-16)

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 MODULE-I
Conformal transformations & Complex integration [CO2]
1z
Introduction. Discussion of transformations: w = Z2 , 𝑤 = 𝑧 + 𝑧 , w= e ,( z ≠ 0). Bilinear
transformations- Problems. Line integral of a complex function-Cauchy’s theorem and Cauchy’s
formula

1. Find Bilinear transformation, that transforms Z=-1, i, 1 onto the points W=1, i,-1 in W-plane
respectively. Also find invariant points. (7 M) (DEC-12, 15, JUN-11)
2. Find the bilinear transformation that maps the points 0,-i,-1 of Z-plane onto the points i 1,0 of W-plane
respectively. (6 M)(DEC-11)
3. Find the Bilinear transformation which maps the points Z=-1,0, 1 into W=0,i,3i. (5M)(DEC-18)
4. Find the Bilinear transformation which maps the points Z=1,i,-1 into W=0,1,  . (6M)(DEC-10)
5. Find the Bilinear transformation which maps the points Z=  ,I,0 into W=-1,-i,1.
(6M)(DEC-10,JAN-20)
6. Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points z = 1,i,-1 onto the points w =i,0,-i. Find image
of z <1. (6M)(JUL-13,DEC-12,14, JAN-15,17)

7. Find the bilinear transformation, that transforms Z=-1, i, -1 on two points W=0, 1,  respectively.
(7 M) (DEC-12, 13, JUN-11)
8. Find the bilinear transformation that transforms Z=0, i, ∞ onto the points W=1, -i, -1 respectively.
(7M)(JUN-14, DEC-18)
9. Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points 1,i,-1 from z-plane to 2,i,-2 into w-plane. Also
find the fixed points. (7M)(JUN-15) (JUNE-16, JAN-18)
10. Find the image of the straight lines parallel to coordinate axes in z-plane under the transformation
W=𝑍 2 . (6M)( DEC- 13) (JUNE-16)
11. Find the region in the w-plane bounded by the lines 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 under the transformation
𝑤 = 𝑧 2 . Indicate the region with sketches. (7M) (JAN-16)
1
12. Discuss the transformation 𝑤 = 𝑧 + 𝑧 (6M)(JAN-15)
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 1
13. Find the images of the circles z =1 and z =2 under the conformal transformation W = z+ and
z
sketch the region. (6M)(JUN-14,DEC-14)
14. Find the image of the triangular region bounded by the lines x =1, y =1 x + y = 1 under the
transformation W = Z2 M)(JAN-18,20)
z 𝜋 𝜋
15. Under the mapping w= e , Find the images of i) 1 𝑥 2 ii) 3 < 𝑦 < 2 (6M)(JUN-15)
≤ ≤
16. Discuss the transformation w= e . Any horizontal strip of height 2  in z-plane will map what portion
z

of w-plane (7M) (DEC- 12, DEC-18)

z
17. Discuss the transformation w = e with respect straight line parallel to x and y axis (6M)(JAN-18,19)
z
18. Under the transformation w = e , prove that family of lines parallel to y-axis in z- plane transforms
into family of concentric circles in W-plane. (7 M)(JUN-11)
e 2Z
19. Evaluate c ( z + 1)(z + 2) dz, where ‘c’ is a circle z =3. (7M) (JUN-11,JAN-14,16, 17,

19,20)
e 2Z
20. Evaluate c ( z + 1) 2 ( z − 2) dz, where ‘c’ is a circle z =3. (7M) (JAN-18)

21. If f(z) is analytic within and on C ( Simple closed Curve ) and ‘a’ is a point within ‘c’ prove that
f ( z)
2𝜋𝑖  ( z − a )
1
𝑓(𝑎) = dz , (6M)(JAN-18)
C

2z 2 + 1
22. Using Cauchy’s Residue theorem evaluate c ( z + 1) 2 ( z − 2) dz, where ‘c’ is circle with z =3
(7M)(JUN-11)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑧
23. Evaluate using Cauchy’s integral formula ∫ 𝑧 2−1 dz around a rectangle with vertices 2±i , -2±i

(6M) (JUNE-16)
24. State and prove Cauchy’s integral formula (5M)(JAN-18,19,20)

z2
25. Using the Cauchy’s residue theorem, evaluate the integral c ( z − 1) 2 ( z + 2) dz, where C is the circle
z =5/2. (6M)(DEC-11)

6
 sin  z 2 + cos z 2 dz
26. Evaluate  , where C is the circle z =3 using Cauchy’s residue theorem.
c ( z − 1) 2 ( z − 2)

(6M) (DEC-10,12,14, JAN-15,JAN-18, 19)

MODULE-III

Probability Distributions[CO3]

Review of basic probability theory. Random variables (discrete and continuous), probability mass/density
functions. Binomial, Poisson, exponential and normal distributions- problems (No derivation for mean and
standard deviation)-Illustrative examples.

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

1. Define i) Random variable ii) Discrete probability distribution with an example. (6M)(JUN-09)

2. Suppose a random variable X takes the values-3,-1, 2 and 5with respective probabilities
2k − 3 k − 2 k − 1 k + 1
, , , . Find the value of k and i) find P [-3<X<4] and ii) P[X  2].
10 10 10 10.
(6M)(JUN-10, DEC-18)
𝑐𝑥 2 , 0 < 𝑥 < 3
3. Find the constant c, such that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { }is a p.d.f. Also compute p(1<x<2),
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
p(x≤1), p(x>1). (5 M)(JAN-18)

4. The probability distribution of a finite random variable X is given by the following table:

Xi -2 -1 0 1 2 3

P(x i ) 0.1 K 0.2 2k 0.3 k

5. Determine the value of k and find the mean, variance and standard deviation. (6M)(DEC-12)

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6. The probability density function of a variate x is

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P(x) K 3K 5K 7K 9K 11K 13K

Find k.
Find P(x<4), P(x ≥ 5) and P(3<x  6 ). (6M)(DEC-08, 10, 18,19,JUN-11,16)

7. A Random variable x has the following distributions:

x: -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

P(x) 0.1 0.1 k 0.1 2k k k

Find k, mean and S.D of the distribution. (6M)(JUN-15)

8. The probability distribution of a finite random variable X is given by the following table:

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(x) 0 K 2k 2k 3k 𝑘2 2𝑘 2 7𝑘 2 + 𝑘

Find k, p(x<6), p(x≥6), p(3<x≤6 (6M)(DEC 13,19)

9. Find the value of ‘K’ such that the following distribution represents a finite probability distribution.
Hence find the mean(µ) and standard deviation (σ). Also find p(x≤1),p(x>1) and
p(-1<x≤2).

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) K 2k 3k 4k 3k 2k k
(6M)(JAN-18)
10. The probability density of a continuous random variable is given by
p(x)= y0 e− x , −   x   . Find y0. Also find the mean? (6 M)(DEC-14)

11. Obtain mean and variance of binomial distribution function.

(7M)(JUN-10, DEC-14,JAN-17, JAN-18, DEC-18)
12. The probability that a man aged 60 will live up to 70 is 0.65. What is the probability that out of 10
men, now aged 60, i) exactly 9, ii) atmost 9 iii) atleast 7, will live up to the age of 70 years.
(7M)( JUN-09)

8
13. The probability that an individual suffers a bad reaction from an injection is 0.001.Find the probability
that out of 2000 individuals, more than 2 will get a bad reaction (6M)(JUN-08,JAN-18)
14. Derive mean and variance for the Poisson distribution.
(7M)( JAN-10,13,20,JUNE-16, 17)
15. Given that 2% of the fuses manufactured by a firm are defective, find by using Poisson
distribution, the probability that a box containing 200 fuses has i) No defective fuses
ii) 3 or more effective fuses iii) At least one defective fuse. (7M)(DEC-10, DEC-18)

16. A die is tossed thrice. A success is getting 1 or 6 on a toss. Find the mean and variance of the number
of successes. (7M)(DEC-11)
e −m m r
17. For the Poisson distribution, prove that, P(r)= , where m is the mean of distribution.
r!
(6M)(DEC-11)
18. Alpha – particles are emitted by a radioactive source at an average of 5 emissions in 20 minutes. What
is the probability that there will be i) exactly two emissions ii) at least two emissions in 20 minutes?
(7M)(JUN-11)
19. The probability that a pen manufactured by a company will be defective is 0.1 if 12 such pens are
selected, find the probability that i) exactly 2 will be defective, ii) at least 2 will be defective,
iii) none will be defective. (7M)(DEC-12,19)
20. A die is thrown 8 times. Find the probability that ‘3’ falls
i) Exactly 2 times ii) At least once iii) At the most 7 times (7M)(JUL-13)
21. In a certain town the duration of shower has mean 5 minutes. What is the probability that shower will
last for i) 10 minutes or more; ii) less than 10 minutes; iii) between 10 and 12 minutes. 7M)(JUL-13)
22. In a quiz contest of answering ‘YES’ or ‘NO’, what is the probability of guessing atleast 6 answers
correctly out of 10 questions asked? Also find the probability of the same if there are 4 options for a
correct answer? (7 M)(JUN-14)
23. The probability that a bomb dropped hits the target is 0.2. Find the probability that out of 6 bombs
dropped i) Exactly 2 will hit the target ii) Atleast 3 will hit the targe (7 M)(JUN-15)
24. Define exponential distribution and obtain the mean and S.D of the exponential distribution.
(7 M)(JUN-14, 15,JAN-18)
25. The sale per day in a shop is exponentially distributed with average sale amounting to Rs.100 and net
profit is 8%. Find the probability that the net profit exceeds Rs.30 on a day. (7M) (JUN-08)
26. If x is an exponential distribution with mean 4, evaluate i) P(0<x<1), ii) P(x >2) and
iii) P(-∞ < x<10) (7M)(JAN-17)

9
27. The length of telephone conversation in a booth has been an exponential distribution and found on an
average to be 5 minutes. Find the probability that a random call made from this booth (i) ends less than
5 minutes, (ii) between 5 and 10 minutes. (5 M)(JAN-18,20)
28. The life of an electric bulb is normally distributed with average life of 2000 hours and standard
deviation of 60hours. Out of 2500 such bulbs, find the number of bulbs that are likely to last between
1900 and 2100 hours. Given [0  z  1.67]=0.4525. (7M)(JUN-08, DEC-13,JUN-17)
29. Suppose that the student IQ scores form a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard deviation
20. Find the percentage of students whose i) score is less than 80 ii) score falls between 90 and 140,
iii) score more than 120. (7M)(JUN-10)
30. In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular make was normally distributed
with an average life of 2040 hours and S.D. of 60 hours. Estimate the number of bulbs likely to burn
for (7M)(DEC-08,JAN-10,DEC-14, DEC-18)
a)More than 2150 hours b)Less than 1950 hours and c)More than 1920 hours, but less than 2160
hours.
31. The mark of 100 students in an examination follows a normal distribution with mean 70 and
standard deviation 5. Find the number of students whose marks will be i) less than 65 ii) more than 75
iii) Between 65 and 75. (7M)(DEC-10)
32. Fit a normal distribution to the following data: (6M)(DEC-11)

X: 1 3 5 7 9

Y: 2 2 3 2 1

33. The mark of 1000 students in an examination follows a normal distribution with mean 70 and
standard deviation 5. Find the number of students whose marks will be i) less than 65 ii) more than 75
( iii) Between 65 and 75. (7M)(JAN-17) [

34. A sample of 100 dry battery cells tested to find the length of life produced by a company and
following results are recorded : mean life=12 hours, standard deviation=3 hours. Assuming data to be
normally distributed, find the expected life of a dry cell :i)Have more than 15 hours ii. between 10 and
14 hours. (7M)(JUN-11)
35. If X is normal variate with mean 30 and S.D 5, find the probabilities that i) 26≤X≤40, ii)X≥45, iii)
X − 30  5
.(Given  (0.8) = 0.2881 ,  (2.0) = 0.4772 ,  (3.0) = 0.4987 ,  (1.0) = 0.3413 ) (6M)(JUN-14)
36. If the mean standard deviation of the number of correctly answered questions in a test given to 4096
students are 2.5 and √1.875. Find an estimate of the number of candidates answering correctly (i) 8 or
more questions (ii) 2or less (iii) 5 questions. (7M)(JAN-18)
10
37. In a normal distribution, 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64. Find the mean and
standard deviation, given that A (0.5) =0.19 and A (1.4) =0.42. (7M)(JUN-09,DEC-12)
38. In an examination 7% of students scores less than 35% marks and 89% of students score less than
60% marks. Find the mean and standard deviation of the marks are normally distribute, it is given that
P(0,z,1.2263) = 0.39 and P(0,z,1.4757) = 0.43. (7M)(JAN-19,20)

MODULE-IV

Statistical Methods & Curve Fitting [CO4]

Correlation and regression-Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and rank correlation -problems.
Regression analysis- lines of regression –problems
Curve fitting by the method of least squares- fitting the curves

Statistical Methods

1. While calculating correlation coefficient between two variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 from 25 pairs of observations, the
following results were obtained:

𝑛 = 25, ∑ 𝑥 = 125, ∑ 𝑥 2 = 650, ∑ 𝑦 = 100, ∑ 𝑦 2 = 460, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 508,

Later it was discovered at the time of checking that the pairs of values.

x y x y
8 12 were copied down as 6 14
6 8 8 6

Obtain the correct value of correlation coefficient. (7M)(Dec-2011)

2. The lines of regressions are 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 and 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8. Find i)means of the variables x and y

ii) correlation coefficient between x and y.

(7M)(Jun-2011)

𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 1−𝑟 2
3. If 𝜃 is the angle between the lines of regression then show that 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝜎2 +𝜎2 ( )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑟

11
 (7M)(Dec-2010)

4. Find the coefficient of correlation for the following data: (7M)(Jun-2010)

x 55 56 58 59 60 60 62
y 35 38 39 38 44 43 45

5. Obtain the coefficient of correlation and the lines of regression if: (7M)(Jun-2009)

x 1 3 4 2 5 8 9 10 13 15
y 8 6 10 8 12 16 16 10 32 32

6. The two regression equations of the variables x and y are 𝑥 = 19.13 − 0.87𝑦 and

𝑦 = 11.64 − 0.50𝑥 Find i) mean of x’s ii) mean of y’s and

iii) the correlation coefficient of x and y. (7M)(Jan-2009)

7. Find the coefficient of correlation, line of regression x on y and the line of regression of y on x;
given

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14
(7M)(Jun-2008)

8. In a partially destroyed lab record of analysis of correlation data, the following results are
available. Variance of x is 9. Regression equations are 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 66 = 0 and 40𝑥 − 18𝑦 −
214 = 0. Find 𝑥̅ , ̅𝑦, 𝜎𝑦 and correlation coefficient. (7M)(Jul-2005, Jan-20)

9. The lines of regression of y on x and x on y are given as 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 33 = 0 and 20𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 107

respectively. Calculate means of x and y and coefficient of correlation between them.

(7M)(Jan-2006, Jun-2017)(6M,Jan-18)

10. Define coefficient of correlation. If 𝜃 is the angle between the lines of regression then show that
1−𝑟2 𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ( ) 𝜎2 +𝜎2 and explain the significance when 𝑟 = 0 and 𝑟 =  1 . (7M)(Jul-2004)
𝑟 𝑥 𝑦

11. Obtain the lines of regression and hence find Coefficients of correlation for the following data

X 1 3 4 2 5 8 9 10 13 15
Y 8 6 10 8 12 16 16 10 32 32
(8M)(Jan-2020)

12. Find the correlation coefficient and regression lines of y on x and x on y for the following data:

12
 x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 5 3 8 7
(6M)(MQP-2016)

13. Find the Coefficients of correlation and regression lines for the following data : (6M)(Jun-2017)

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50
14. Calculate the Karl’s pearson coefficient of correlation for the following ages of husbands and
wives (6M)(Jan-2018)

Husband’s age x: 23 27 28 28 29 30 31 33 35 36
Wife’s age:y 18 20 22 27 21 29 27 29 28 29

15. Find the correlation coefficient for the following data: (6M)(Jan-2017)

x 10 14 18 22 26 30
y 18 12 24 6 30 36

16. Calculate the Karl’s pearson coefficient of correlation for 10 students who have obtained the

following percentage of marks in Mathematics and Electronics. (6M)(MQP-2016)

Roll No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Marks in Mathematics 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39
Marks in Electronics 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58 53 47

CURVE FITTING

17. Find the curve of best fit of the type y=aebx to the following data by the method of least square:
(5M)(Jan-2018)
x 1 5 7 9 12

y 10 15 12 15 21

18. Fit a curve of the form y=aebx to the following data: (7M)(Dec-2011)

x 77 100 185 239 285

13
 y 2.4 3.4 7.0 11.1 19.6

19. Fit a parabola y=a+bx+cx2 , given the data: (6M)(Jan-2020)

x 1 2 3 4 5

y 10 12 13 16 19

20. By the method of least square find the straight line that best fits the following data
x 1 2 3 4 5

y 14 27 40 55 68

(5M)(Jan-2017)

21. The pressure and volume of a gas are related by the equation PVγ=k , γ and k being constants . Fit
this equation for the following set of observations: (7M)(Dec-2011, Jun-2015)

P(kg/cm2) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

V (litres) 1.62 1.00 0.75 0.62 0.52 0.46

22. Fit the best possible curve of the form y=a+bx, using method of least square for the data;
x 1 3 4 6 8 9 11 14
y 1 2 4 4 5 7 8 9
23. Fit a second degree polynomial to the following data:
x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
y 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.4 4.1
(5M)(Jun-2017)
24. Fit a parabola y=a+bx+cx2 , given the data:
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y 4.63 2.11 0.67 0.09 0.63 2.15 4.58

14
25. By the method of least square find the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 that best fits the following data:
(5M)(Jan-18)
x 10 12 15 23 20

y 14 17 23 25 21

26. Fit a second degree parabola for the data :

(6M)(Jan-2017)
x 0 1 2 3 4

y 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3

27. Find the best values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 if the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 is to fit most closely to the
following observations. (7M)(Dec-2013)

Revolution 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Time 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.6 3

28. Fit a curve of the form y=aebx for the following data (5M)(Jun-2017,Jan-20)

x 5 6 7 8 9 10
y 133 55 23 7 2 2

29. The revolution(r), nd time (t) are related by quadratic equation r=at2+bt+c. Estimate the number of

revolutions for time 3.5 units, given (7M)(Jun-2014)

x 1 2 3 4 5

y 10 12 13 16 19

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 MODULE-V

Joint probability distribution [CO5]

& Sampling Theory [CO6]

Joint Probability distribution for two discrete random variables,expectation and covariance.
Introduction to sampling distributions, standard error, Type-I and Type-II errors.Test of hypothesis for
means, student’s t-distribution, Chi-square distribution as a test of goodness of fit.

JOINT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. The joint distribution of two variables X and Y are given below:

X Y -4 2 7
1 1/8 1/4 1/8
5 1/4 1/8 1/8
Compute the following: (i) E(X) and E(Y) (ii) E(XY) (iii) COV(X,Y) (7M)(JUL-07, DEC-18)

2. The joint distribution of two variables X and Y are given below:

X Y 2 3 4
1 0.06 0.15 0.09
2 0.14 0.35 0.21
Determine Marginal distributions of X and Y. Also verify that X and Y independent.

(7M,JAN-05,09,JUL-04)

3. The joint distribution of two variables X and Y are given below:

X Y 1 3 6
1 1/9 1/6 1/18
3 1/6 1/4 1/12
6 1/18 1/12 1/36

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Determine Marginal distributions of X and Y. Also verify that X and Y independent. ( 7M)(JAN-06)

4. The joint distribution of two variables X and Y are given below:

X Y 1 3 9
2 1/8 1/24 1/12
4 1/4 1/4 0
6 1/8 1/24 1/12
Determine Marginal distributions of X and Y and evaluate COV(XY). (7M)(DEC-18, JUL-09,11)

5. The joint distribution of two variables X and Y are given below:

X Y -3 2 4
1 0.1 0.2 0.2
3 0.3 0.1 0.1
Determine (i)Marginal distributions of X and Y(ii) Covariance of X and Y. ( 7M)(JAN-09,JUL-05)

6. The joint probability distribution of two random variables X and Y are given below:
X Y -2 -1 4 5
1 0.1 0.2 0 0.3
2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0
Find the Marginal distributions of X ,Y. Also find the Covariance of X and Y. (7M)(JUL-08,DEC-10,19)

7. Compute (i) 𝑃(𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2)(𝑖𝑖)𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 1, 𝑦 ≤ 2)(𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 1, 𝑦 ≤ 2)(𝑖𝑣)𝑃(𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 2), using the following
joint probability distribution for x and y. ( 7M)(DEC-11)
x y 0 1 2 3 Sum
0 0 1/8 1/4 1/8 1/2
1 1/8 1/4 1/8 0 1/2
Sum 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8 1
−(𝑥+𝑦) 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
8. Verify that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {𝑒 is a density function of a joint probability distribution. Also
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
evaluate P(X<1). ( 7M)(JAN-06)

9. X and Y are independent random variables, X take the values 1,2 with probability 0.7; 0.3 and y take the values
-2, 5, 8 with probabilities 0.3, 0.5, 0.2. Find the joint distribution of X and Y hence find cov(X,Y)
(6 M)(JAN-18)

10. The joint distribution of two discrete variables x and y is f(x,y)=k(2x+y) where x and y are integers such that 0
≤ x ≤2; 0 ≤ y ≤3. Find (i) the value of k; (ii) Marginal distribution of x and y; (iii) Are x and y independent?
(6 M)(JAN-18)

SAMPLING THEORY

11. A mechanist is making engine parts with axle diameter of 0.7 inch. A random sample of 10 parts
showed a mean of 0.472 inches with a standard deviation of 0.04 inch. On the basis of this sample,
can it be concluded that the work is inferior at 5% level of significance.
(7M)(JUN-09,DEC-08, JAN-10)

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12. For the following data test the hypothesis that the accidents are uniformly distributed over all the days
of the week for 99% confidence.
Day Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Total

No.of accidents 14 16 8 12 11 9 14 84

(7M) (JUN,JUL-09)
13. The means of simple samples of sizes 1000 and 2000 are 67.5 and 68.0 cm respectively. Can the
samples be regarded as drawn from the same population of S.D 2.5cm [given z0.05=1.96]
(6M) (JUNE-16)
14. A Random sample of 10 boys had the following I.Q:70,120,110,101,88,83,95,98,107,100. Do these
data support assumption of a population mean I.Q of 100 [ Given t0.05 for 9d.f=2.26] (7M) (JUNE-16)
15. The weights of 1500 ball bearings are normally distributed with a mean of 635gms and standard
deviation of 1.36gms. if 300 samples of size 36 each are drawn from this population, find the expected
mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means, if sampling is done
i) With replacement ii)Without replacement. When sampling is done with replacement, how many
samples will have their mean, greater than 635.5 gms. Given P[0  z  2.203 ]=0.4861. (7M)(JUN-09)

16. A sample of 100days is taken from meteorological records of a certain district and 10 of them are
found to be foggy. What are the probable 99% confidence limits to the proportion of foggy days in
the district? (6M)(JUN-10)

17. The life of certain computer is approximately normally distributed with mean 800 hours and standard
deviation 40 hours. If a random sample of 30 computer has an average life of 788 hours, test the
hypothesis that µ=800 hours against the alternate hypothesis µ≠800 hours at i) 0.5% and 1% level of
significance. (7M)(JUN-10)

18. In a city A, 20% of a random sample of 900 school boys has certain slight physical defect. In another
city B, 18.5% of a random sample of 1600 school boys had the same defect. Is the difference between
the proportions significant? Why? (6M)(DEC-08,JAN-10,DEC-14)

19. Two horses A and B were tested according to the time(in seconds)to run a particular race with the
following result.

Horse A 28 30 32 33 29 34

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 Horse B 29 30 30 24 27 29

Test whether you can discriminate between the two horses.Use t 0.05 = 22 and t 0.02 = 2.72.

(7M)(JAN-18)

20. A machinist is making engine parts with axle diameter of 0.7 inch. A random sample of 10 parts shows
mean diameter 0.742 inch with a S.D. of 0.04 inchon the basis of this sample, would you say that the
axle is inferior? (7M)(DEC-08,JAN-10)

21. Explain the following terms :

i) Null hypothesis ii) Type I and type II error iii) Confidence limits.
(7M)(DEC-10 ,JAN-14,JUL-11,JUN-17,JAN-18, DEC-18,19)
22. Define (i) typeI- error and TypeII-error (ii) Level of significance. (6 M, (JAN-17)
23. A sample of 100 days is taken from a coastal town of a certain district of which, 10 of them are found
to be very hot. What are probable limits of the percentage of hot days in the district? (7M)(DEC-10)

24. Explain the following terms : i) Null hypothesis ii) standard error iii) test of significance.
(6M)(JUN-11)
25. Find the range of number of heads out of 64 tosses of a coin which will ensure fairness of coin at 5%
level of significance using binomial distribution. (7M)(JUN-11)

26. A biased coin is tossed 500 times and head turns up 120 times. Find the 95% confident limits for the
proportion of heads turning up in infinitely many tosses. (Given that zc = 1.96) (6M)(DEC-12)

27. A coin is tossed 1000 times and head turns up 540 times. Decide on the hypothesis that the coin is
unbiased. (6M)(DEC-18)

28. A die is thrown 9000 times and and a throw of 3 or 4 was observed 3240 times. Sthow that the die
cannot be regarded as an unbiased die (6M)(DEC-19)

29. What is null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis significance level? (6M)(JUL-13)

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30. The weights of workers in a large factory are normally distributed with a mean of 68 kgs, and standard
deviation of 3 kgs. if 80 samples of size 35 workers each are chosen, how many of 80 sample will have
the mean between 67 and 68.25 kgs. Given P[0<z<2]=0.4772 and p(0≤z≤0.5)=0.7915 (7M)( DEC 13)

31. Certain tubes manufactured by a company have mean life time of 800 hrs and standard deviation of 60
hrs. Find the probability that a random sample of 16 tubes taken from the group will have a mean life
time (i) between 790 hrs and 810 hrs, (ii) less than 785 hrs, (iii) more than 820 hrs.
(  (0.67 ) = 0.2486 ,  (1) = 0.3413 ,  (1.33 ) = 0.4082 ). (7M)(JUN-14,JAN-18)

32. It is required to test whether the proportion of smokers among students is less than that among the
lectures. Among 60 randomly picked students, 2 were smokers. Among randomly picked lecturers, 5
were smokers. What would be your conclusion? (7M)(JUN-14)

33. A manufacturer claimed that at least 95% of the equipment which he supplied to a factory conformed
to specifications. An examination of a sample of 200 pieces of equipment revealed that 18 of them
were faulty. Test his claim at a significance level of 1% and 5% (7M )(DEC-14)

34. It has been found that the mean breaking strength of a particular brand of thread is 275.6 gms with
σ =39.7 gms. A sample of 36 pieces of thread showed a mean breaking strength of 253.2 gms. Test
the claim at 1+.. and 5-l. level of significance. (5M)(JAN-18)

35. The theory predicts the proportion of beans in the four groups G1,G2,G3,G4 should be in the ratio
9:3:3:1. In an experiment with 1600 beans the numbers in the four groups were 882,313,287 and 118.
Does the experimental result support the theory? (at 5% LOS for 3 d.f = 7.815). (6 M,)(JAN-17)

36. Ten individuals are chosen at random from a population and their height in inches are found to be 63,
63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 71. Test the hypothesis that mean height of the universe is 66 inchs. Given
that( t 0.05 For 9 df=2.262). (5M)(DEC-18)

37. A group of 10 boys fed on diet A and another group of 8 boys fed on a different diet B for a period of
6 months recorded the following increase in weight
Diet A 5 6 8 1 12 4 3 9 6 10

Diet B 2 3 6 8 10 1 2 8

Test whether diet A and Diet B differ significantlyGiven t .05 is 2.12. (7M)( DEC-19)

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38. The nine items of a sample have the following values: 45,47,50,52,48,47,49,53,51. Does the mean of
these differ significantly from the assumed mean of 47.5. Apply student’s t-distribution at 5% level of
significance. ( t0.05 for 8df = 2.31). (7M)(JUL-13,JUN-15)
39. Two types of batteries are tested for their length of life and the following results are obtained:
Battery A: n1 = 10, 𝒙 ̅1 = 500 hrs, σ12 = 100
Battery B:n2 = 10, 𝒙 ̅ 2= 560 hrs, σ22 = 121.
Find students ‘t’ and test whether there is a significant difference in the two means.
(t 0.05 =2.10 and t 0.01 = 2.88) (7M)(JUN-17)

40. A certain stimulus administrated to each of the 12 patients resulted in the following change in blood
pressure. 5,2,8,-1,3,0,6,-2,1,5,0,4. Can it be concluded that the stimulus will increase the blood
pressure? ( t 0.05 For 11 df=2.201). (6M)(DEC-10,12,JAN-17,18,19)

41. Genetic theory states that children having one parent of blood type M and the other of blood type N
will always be one of the three types M, MN, N and that the proportions of these types will on an
average be: 1:2:1. A report states that out of 300 children having one M parent and one N parent, 30%
are found to be of type M, 45% of type MN and the remainder of type N. Test the theory of  2 (chi-
square)test. (7M)(JUN-17)
42. In experiments on a pea breeding, the following frequencies of seeds were obtained.
Round-Yellow Wrinkled yellow Round green Wrinkled green Total
315 101 108 32 556
Is the experiment is in the agreement of theory which predicts proportion of frequencies 9:3:3:1

( x 02.05 , 3df = 7.815). (7M)(JUL-13)

43. A die is thrown 60 times and the frequency distribution for the number appearing on the face x is
given by the following table: (7M) (DEC-12)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 15 6 4 7 11 17
Test the hypothesis that the die is unbiased. (Given that  02.05 (5) = 11.07 and  02.05 (5) = 15.09)

44. Four coins are tossed 100 times and the following results were obtained:
x 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 5 29 36 25 5
Fit a binomial distribution for the data and test the goodness of fit(  02.05 = 9.49 (7M) (DEC-18)

45. A die is thrown 264 times and the number appearing on the face x follows the frequency distribution
as mentioned below:
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 x 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 40 32 28 58 54 60
Calculate the value of  2 . (7M) (JAN-18)

46. A survey conducted on 64 families with 3 children each and recorded as follows:
No. of Male children 0 1 2 3
No. of families 6 19 29 10
Apply Chi – squares test to test whether male and female children are equiprobable at 5% level of
significance (7M)(JUN-11)
47. A set of five similar coins is tossed 320 times and the result is:
No of heads 0 1 2 3 4 5

Frequency 6 27 72 112 71 32

Test the hypothesis that the data follow a binomial distribution. (Given that  02.05 (5) = 11 .07 )

(7M)(DEC-08, JAN-10,DEC-14, JUN-15,JAN 15)

48. The following table gives the number of bus accidents that occurred during the various days of the
week. Find whether the accidents are uniformly distributed over the week, using  2 test.
Day Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Total

No.of accidents 14 16 8 12 11 9 14 84

(7M)(JUN-10)(JUNE-16)

49. Eleven students were given a test in statistics. They were provided additional coaching and then a
second test of equal difficulty was held at the end of coaching. Marks scored by them in the two tests
are given below:
Test-1 23 20 19 21 18 20 18 17 23 16 19

Test-2 24 19 22 18 20 22 20 20 23 20 17

(  =10 )
Do the marks give evidence that the students have benefited by extra coaching? Given t .05 is 2.228.

Test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance. (7M)(JUN-08,DEC-13)

50. Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data and test for its goodness of fit at 5% level of
significance.

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 x 0 1 2 3 4

f 419 352 154 56 19

Given  02.05 for  =3 is 7.82. (7M)(JUN-08)

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