STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS

PREVIOUS YEAR MARKS DISTRIBUTION TOPIC WISE

SSC

CLASSIFICATION 4
SERIES 4
MISSING NUMBER 1
DIRECTION 1
DICTIONARY ORDER 1
MATRIX 1
MATHEMATICAL 1
OPERATION
VENN DIAGRAM 1
BLOOD RELATION 1
MIRROR OR WATER 1
IMAGE
PAPER CUTTING OR 1
PAPER FOLDING
CODING DECODING 1
CALENDAR 1
ANALOGY 4
LOGICAL ORDER 1
ALPHABETICAL 1
SERIES
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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS

EXPECTED PAPER MARKS DISTRIBUTION TOPIC WISE

SSC

CLASSIFICATION 2-4
SERIES 2-3
MISSING NUMBER 1-3
DIRECTION 1
DICTIONARY ORDER 1
MATRIX 1

MATHEMATICAL 1
OPERATION
VENN DIAGRAM 1
ANALOGY 2-4
FIGURE COUNTING 1
OR EMBEDED
BLOOD RELATION 1-3
DICE 1
ORDER RANKING 1
SITTING 1
MIRROR OR WATER 1
IMAGE
PAPER CUTTING OR 1
PAPER FOLDING
CODING DECODING 2
CALENDAR 1
LOGICAL ORDER 1

ALPHABETICAL 1
SERIES

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS

DIRECTION AND DISTANCE

In this chapter, the questions consist of a sort BASICALLY, THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF
of direction puzzle. A successive follow-up of QUESTIONS
directions is formulated and the candidate is required 1. Based on directions (from the Initial point or from
to ascertain the final direction on the distance endpoint)
between two points. 2. Based on distance (total distances or shortest
This test is meant to judge the candidate’s ability to distances)
trace and follow correctly and sense the direction 3. Based on degrees (clockwise and anticlockwise)
correctly. 4. Based on shadow (morning or evening time)
FOR SHORTEST DISTANCE
First of all, we have to draw a right angle and then
apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

There are four main directions: AC2 = AB2 + BC2
North, East, South, West (Hypotenuse)2 = (Perpendicular)2 + (Base)2
FOR SHADOW-
(a) In evening-

There are four subordinate directions:
North-East (N-E), South - East (S-E), South-
(b) In morning-
West (S-W) & North-West (N-W) those are also
called sub-directions and these sub-directions are
between prime directions like NE is between North
and East, SE is between South & East & so on,...

Note-
1. If a person is facing towards North then -
(A) Clockwise means- Turn your right side
(B) Anticlockwise means – Turn your left side
2. If a person is facing towards South then –

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS

AB = 7km, BC = 20km
CD = 5 km, DE = 11 km, EG = 12 km
BF = BC – DE
= 20 – 11 = 9 km
(A)
Clockwise means- Turn your left side So, BF = AG = 9 km
(B)
Anticlockwise means – Turn your right side TYPE-3- Based on degree
TYPE-1- Based on directions Q.1.
A man is facing North. He turns to 180 degrees in
Q.1.
Shyam travels 7 km. toward North, then he turns to the clockwise direction and another 45 degrees in the
his right and walks 3 km. He again turns to his right same direction and 270 degrees in the anticlockwise
and moves 7 km forward. Now in which direction is direction. Which direction is he facing now?
he from his starting point? (A) South-West (B) South-East
(A) North (B) South (C) North-East (D) North-West
(C) East (D) West Answer- (D)
Answer- (C) Explanation:
Explanation:

Final direction North-West
Degrees can only be judged towards the direction in
TYPE-2- Based on Distance
Q.2.
Lucky walks 7 km. in the east. Then he turns to his
right and moves 20 km, then he turns to his left and
moves 5 km, then he turns to his left and moves 11
km. and then again he turns to his left and moves 12
km. Now in which direction is he from his starting
point and how far?
(A) 9 km South (B) 64 km East
(C) 20 km west (D) 7 km South
Answer- (A)
Explanation:

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS
which a person is facing instead of the path covered
by him.
TYPE-4- Based on shadow
Q.1. One evening before sunset Pooja and Hina were
talking to each other face to face. If Hina’s shadow
was exactly to the right of Hina, which direction was
Pooja facing?
(A) North (B) South
(C) East (D) Data is inadequate
Q.2.
“A” walks 2 km in the south then he turns right and
Answer- (B)
walks 3 km. Find the direction of “A” in which he is
Explanation:
facing now?
(A) West (B) South
(C) East (D) North
Answer- (A)
Explanation:

EXAMPLES
SIMPLE QUESTIONS

Q.1.
Mac covers some distance towards east then he turns Q.3. Raj runs in east direction then he turns in west
left and covers some more distance. Again he turns direction and again he turns left. In which direction
right and covers some distance. Now he is facing in is he facing?
which direction? (A) North (B) North-east
(A) South (B) West (C) West (D) South
(C) North (D) East Answer- (D)
Answer- (B) Explanation:
Explanation:

Q.4. Mohan decides to catch his younger sister, so he
runs 1 km towards north then in the west and now he
turns left and again turns right. His sister is facing in
which direction?
(A) North (B) East
(C) West (D) Cannot be determined

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS
Q.6. Neha walks 2 km towards north then she turns left and
Answer- (C) walks 2 km. In which direction is she from her
Explanation: starting point?
(A) North-east (B) East
(C) West (D) North -west
Answer- (D)
Explanation:

Q.5. Rita walks 6 km towards south then she turns right
and walks 4 km. again she turns left and walks 2 km.
In which direction is she from her starting point?
(A) North (B) East
(C) West (D) South-west
Answer- (D)
Explanation:
Q.7. John started from point `A’ and proceeded 7 km
straight towards East, then he turned left and
proceeded straight for a distance of 10 km. He
then turned left again and proceeded straight for
a distance of 6 km, and then turned left again and
proceeded straight for another 10 km. In which
direction is Mohan from his starting point?
(A) East (B) North
(C) South (D) West
Answer- (A)

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS
Explanation: Sanjay starts from village Nihad and goes to village
Awadh, in which direction is he from his starting
point?
(A) North (B) North-West
(C) South (D) South-East
Answer- (B)
Explanation:

Q.8.
A woman goes 5 km towards East then she takes a
turn to South and goes 5 km. She again takes a turn
towards North and goes 5 km with respect to the point
from where she started, where is he now?
(A)At the starting point

(B) In the West
Q.10. A cow runs 20 m towards East then turns to right, runs
(C) In the East
10 m and again turns to left runs 5 m and then turns to
(D) In the North-west
left, runs 12 m and finally turns to left and runs 6 m.
Answer- (D)
Now, which direction is the cow facing?
Explanation:
(A) North (B) East
(C) South (D) West
Answer- (D)
Explanation:

Q.9. Village Hoogli is 20 km to the North of village Rew.
Village Nihad is 18 km to the East of Village Rew.
Village Awadh is 12 km to the West of Hoogli. If

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS

ORDER AND RANKING

In this chapter generally the ranks of a person from Step 2- Finds the average of both ranks (answer)
both sides left or right or from top and from the Example: 1 Here is a table.
bottom are mentioned and total numbers of persons Name Rank fromt top Rank from bottom
are asked. Sometimes the questions are based on their
Aman 5 1
interchanged positions. Babita 4 2
Other types- Chotan 3 3
Dimple 2 4
A set, group or series of numerals is given and the
Ema 1 5
candidates are asked to trace out numerals following
Let discuss ‘Ema’
certain given conditions.
Ema’s rank from top = 1 and from bottom = 5
There are mainly three/four types of Now total member in the row = 5
questions - Means total rank
1. Total persons and position of one person (either from = (rank from top + rank from bottom) – 1
left or right) are given. = (1+ 5) – 1 = 5
2. When the rank of more than one person is given. Rank from top = total rank – (rank from bottom-1)
3. Ascending/Descending Order according to age, = 5 – (5-1) = 1
height, marks etc. Rank from bottom = total rank – (rank from top – 1)
We have to find out: = 5 – (1-1) = 5
1. Position from another side. Example:2
2. A total number of persons. Meenam is fourteenth from the right end in a row of
3. Number of persons in between 40 girls.
4. Minimum/maximum number of persons in the row. What is her position from the left end?
5. The number of persons on either side of a particular (A) 24th (B) 25th
person. (C) 26th (D) 27th
FORMULAS FOR ORDER AND RANKING EXPLANATION:
• Finding ranks either from the left or from right: Clearly, number of girls towards the right of Meenam
Total – (given rank – 1) = required rank = 13
• Finding total numbers: So, Meenam’s rank from the left end = 40 – 13 = 27th
When the rank of one person is given from both Ans. (D)
sides of the row. Example:3
Ranks of the common person from both sides Raju is seventh from the left and Rohan is ninth from
= (R1 + R2) – 1 the right. If there are six students between them then
• Finding the total number of person: (Misc. Case) how many students are there in a row?
When ranks of two persons and number of the (A) 8 (B) 10
persons who are sitting between these two persons (C) 22 (D) 21
are given. EXPLANATION:
(R1+R2) + number of people sitting in the middle
• Finding the number of persons who are sitting
between any two persons: (Simple case)
Total - (Rank from left + Rank from right)

• Finding Rank of middle person: (Quick Trick)
Total number of students in a row = 7+9+6 = 22
Step 1- Convert both ranks from the same side
Ans (C)
(side from which rank of exactly mid asked)
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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS
Note: We cannot apply overlapping case in this EXPLANATION:
question because if we are applying overlapping On shifting 4 places to the left, Komal becomes 10th
case then the minimum student is eight which from the left end of the row. Thus, Komal’s original
conflict with the rank of Rohan from the right. position was 14th from theleft end.
Example:4
Ram is eighth from left end and is fourth to the left
of Shyam who is eighth from right end. Then how
many students are there in a row? Swati is 3 places to the right of Komal’s original
(A) 19 (B) 21 position.
(C) 24 (D) 20 Clearly, Swati is 17th from the left end.
EXPLANATION: Number of girls to the right of Swati
= (40 – 17) = 23.
Thus, Swati is 24th from the right end of the row.
Ans. (D)
Example:7
Study the following information carefully and
Total students in a row = 8 + 3 + 8 = 19 answer the questions given below-
Ans: (A) Among Nikhil, Moon, Kapil, Jagdish and Gulshan
Example:5 each has secured different marks in a subject, Moon
In a row of boys facing towards North, A is sixteenth secured more marks than only Kapil. Gulshan and
from the left end and C is sixteenth from the right Jagdish have secured fewer marks than only Nikhil.
end. B, who is fourth to the right of A, is fifth to the Q.1. Who among them has secured third least marks?
left of C then how many boys are there in the row? (A) Nikhil (B) Jagdish
(A) 39 (B) 40 (C) Moon (D) Cannot be determined
(C) 41 (D) 42 Q.2. If Nikhil secured 80 marks and Jagdish has secured
EXPLANATION: 65 marks then what is the possibility of Gulshan’s
Clearly, according to the given conditions, there are marks?
15 boys to the left of A, as well as to the right of C. (A) 78 (B) 63
Also, B lies between A and C such that there are 3 (C) 60 (D) Cannot be determined
boys between A and B; and 4 boys between B and C. Explanation:

A B C
15 3 4 15 Example:8
So, number of boys in the row Among Zojo, Yo, Xe, William and Vicky each has
= (15 + 1+ 3 + 1+4 +1+15) scored different marks in a test. Xe has scored more
= 40 than William but not as much as Vicky. Vicky has
Ans: (B) scored more than Zojo, who has scored less than
Example:6 Yo. Who did score second highest marks?
In a row of 40 girls, when Komal was shifted to her (A) Yo (B) Zojo
left by 4 places her number from the left end of the (C) Xe (D) Data inadequate
row became 10. What was the place of Swati from Explanation:
the right end of the row if Swati was three places to
the right of Komal’s original position?
(A) 22 (B) 23 Ans: (D)
(C) 25 (D) 24 Example:9
Zombo, correctly remembers that his father's

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS
birthday is before 29th July but after 24th July
whereas his younger brother correctly remembers
that their father's birthday is after 23rd July but
before 28th July and his elder brother correctly
remembers that their father's birthday is on an odd
date. On which date of July is definitely their father's
birthday?
(A) Twenty-five or Twenty-seven
(B) Twenty-seven
(C) Twenty-five
Explanation:

Ans: (A)

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC CGL, CPO AND STATES EXAMS

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