12.

Potential Form

Chapter 1
❶ Verb Potential Form … 4
❷ I can do. - 1 … 8
Dictionary Form … 10
❸ I can do. - 2 … 11
❹ is completed … 13

Usage : Hokkaido

Chapter 2
❶ see・hear … 16
❷ understand … 18

Article : Hokkaido
Quiz

1
This is a book for people learning basic Japanese without a teacher.

1. in the shortest way

Many people tend to give up learning Japanese, because textbooks don’t match your need or you
struggle with reading “Kanji”. In this book you’ll complete basic Japanese using only Roman alphabets
or “Hiragana & Katakana” which are necessary to understand Japanese sounds, so you don’t have
to spend too much time to learn “Kanji” at the basic level. Since the only way to improve Japanese is
to learn “sentence patterns” one by one, learning grammar before “Kanji” is going to be the shortest
way to improve your Japanese.

2. can save money

This book consists of 20 volumes in all, and each part is sold separately, so you can start from any
part on your convenience, and also you can use it only for strengthening a part which you feel
difficult. You don’t have to pay money for the part which you don’t need. If you study Japanese for
the first time, you may feel it’s a bit long from vol.1 to vol.20. However, to learn the basic “sentence
patterns” is necessary to master Japanese.

3. a handmade textbook
This book is made by a Japanese teacher, and the content is summarized simply, making use of the
experience in the class. The example sentences in Japanese are absolutely practical, and any
expressions which are too formal or old-fashioned as sometimes seen in other textbooks are not
included. However I apologize for the parts that English is not properly used. I nevertheless believe
that this book is useful to study Japanese without a teacher.

4. studying in sentence level

In the basic level, many people feel difficulty for various Verb conjugating, therefore this book has
lots of example sentences with less grammar explanation. Getting used to many sentences will help
you to improve, rather than reading a lot of grammar explanation. Please learn at sentence level
from English to Japanese with this book.

Thank you for choosing this book. I hope your dream comes true.

2
 chapter 1

1 Verb Potential Form

2 I can do. -1

3 I can do. -2

4 is completed

3
 ❶ Verb Potential Form

Potential Form
◎ I can ride a bicycle.
Verb Potential Form
Watashi [wa] jitensha [ni] nore-masu.

Potential
● ‘Potential Form’ means ‘can do’.

Others
● Group 1 :
□ Drop ‘-masu(-ます)’, and change the ‘Hiragana’ character before ‘-masu(-ます)’ from ‘i-column’ to ‘e-column’.
□ Add ‘-ru(-る)’.

ka i masu 》 ka e ru か い ます 》 かえ る
ka ki masu 》 ka ke ru か き ます 》 かけ る
oyo gi masu 》 oyo ge ru およ ぎ ます 》 およ げ る
hana shi masu 》 hana se ru はな し ます 》 はな せ る
ma chi masu 》 ma te ru ま ち ます 》 まて る
shi ni masu 》 shi ne ru し に ます 》 しね る
yo bi masu 》 yo be ru よ び ます 》 よべ る
no mi masu 》 no me ru の み ます 》 のめ る
kae ri masu 》 kae re ru かえ り ます 》 かえ れ る

● Group 2 :
□ Drop ‘-masu(-ます)’, and add ‘-rareru(-られる)’.

tabe masu 》 tabe rareru たべ ます 》 たべ られる

oshie masu 》 oshie rareru おしえ ます 》 おしえ られる
ne masu 》 ne rareru ね ます 》 ね られる
mi masu 》 mi rareru み ます 》 み られる
ki masu 》 ki rareru き ます 》 き られる

● Group 3 :

ki masu 》 ko rareru き ます 》 こ られる

shi masu 》 dekiru し ます 》 できる

benkyō shi masu 》 benkyō dekiru べんきょう し ます 》 べんきょう できる
sōji shi masu 》 sōji dekiru そうじ し ます 》 そうじ できる

4
● Potential Form itself conjugates as a verb in Group 2.
□ Group 1

Present Affirmative 》 kae-ru かえる ( = can buy )

Present Negative 》 kae-nai かえない ( = can not buy )
Past Affirmative 》 kae-ta かえた ( = could buy )
Past Negative 》 kae-nakatta かえなかった ( = could not buy )

□ Group 2

Present Affirmative 》 taberare-ru たべられる ( = can eat )

Present Negative 》 taberare-nai たべらない ( = can not eat )
Past Affirmative 》 taberare-ta たべられた ( = could eat )
Past Negative 》 taberare-nakatta たべられなかった ( = could not eat )

□ Group 3

Present Affirmative 》 korare-ru こられる ( = can come )

Present Negative 》 korare-nai こられない ( = can not come )
Past Affirmative 》 korare-ta こられた ( = could come )
Past Negative 》 korare-nakatta こられなかった ( = could not come )

Present Affirmative 》 deki-ru できる ( = can do )

Present Negative 》 deki-nai できない ( = can not do )
Past Affirmative 》 deki-ta できた ( = could do )
Past Negative 》 deki-nakatta できなかった ( = could not do )

5
Group 1 :
ai-masu a-e-ru
あいます あえる
= to meet

iki-masu i-ke-ru
いきます いける
= to go

isogi-masu iso-ge-ru
いそぎます いそげる
= to hurry

kashi-masu ka-se-ru
かします かせる
= to lend

tachi-masu ta-te-ru
たちます たてる
= to stand

asobi-masu aso-be-ru
あそびます あそべる
= to play

yomi-masu yo-be-ru
よみます よべる
= to read

okuri-masu oku-re-ru
おくります おくれる
= to send

Group 2 :
ake-masu ake-rareru
あけます あけられる
= to open

ki-masu ki-rareru
きます きられる
= to wear

Group 3 :
ki-masu korareru
きます こられる
= to come

shi-masu dekiru
します できる
= to do

sanpo shi-masu sanpo dekiru

さんぽ します さんぽ できる
= to take a walk

6
Potential Form Sentence Pattern :

Book 12
・ How to make Potential Form?

・ Someone [wa] Something [ga] Potential Form. 》 Someone can do Something.

Someone は Something が Potential Form。

Book 15
・ Potential Form -yōni-nari-mashita 》 can do it now
Potential Form ように なりました

・ Potential Form nai-Form -ku-nari-mashita 》 can not do it now

Potential Form nai-Form く なりました

Book 16
・ Potential Form -yōni 》 so that I can do …
Potential Form ように

7
 ❷ I can do. - 1

Potential Form
⑴
◎ I can play the guitar.
Someone [wa] Something [ga] Verb Potential Form
Watashi [wa] ‘guitar’ [ga] hike-masu.

Potential
● Verb Potential Form : = can do

Others
□ ( ability )
》It means that someone has the ability to do something.
◎ I can surf.
→ Watashi [wa] ‘surfing’ [ga] deki-masu.
( わたしは サーフィンが できます。)

● Something [ga] Verb Potential Form : = can do something.

□ Object is marked by [ga].
◎ I can speak Japanese.
→ Nihongo [ga] hanase-masu.
( にほんごが はなせます。)

I can swim. 》 Watashi [wa] oyoge-masu.

わたしは およげます。

I can ski. 》 Watashi [wa] ‘ski’ [ga] deki-masu.

わたしは スキーが できます。

I can speak Spanish. 》 Watashi [wa] Supeingo [ga] hanase-masu.

わたしは スペインごが はなせます。

I can read Kanji. 》 Watashi [wa] Kanji [ga] yome-masu.

わたしは かんじが よめます。

I can not drive. 》 Watashi [wa] unten [ga] deki-masen.

わたしは うんてんが できません。

⑵
◎ I can park here.
Verb Potential Form
Koko [ni] chūsha deki-masu.

● Verb Potential Form : = to be allowed to do

□ ( allowed )

8
 ◎ I can pay by credit card.
→ ‘Credit card’ [de] harae-masu.
( クレジットカードで はらえます。)

● Verb Potential Form : = Something is possible under the situation

□ ( Possibility )
◎ In April, we can see cherry blossoms.
→ Shigatsu [ni-wa] sakura [ga] mirare-masu.
( しがつには さくらが みられます。)

chūsha shi-ma-su ちゅうしゃ します Group 3 = to park a car

People can drink at the age of 20. 》 Nijussai [de] o-sake [ga] nome-masu.
にじゅっさいで おさけが のめます。

We can not enter inside. 》 Naka [ni-wa] haire-masen.

なかには はいれません。

We can not swim on this beach. 》 Kono ‘beach’ [de-wa] oyoge-masen.

この ビーチでは およげません。

In Hokkaido we can ski in May. 》 Hokkaidō [de-wa] gogatsu [ni] ‘ski’ [ga] deki-masu.
ほっかいどうでは ごがつに スキーが できます。

I can not make a pancake because I don’t 》 Tamago [ga] na-kute, ‘pancake’ [ga] tsukure-masen.
have an egg. たまごが なくて、パンケーキが つくれません。

9
Dictionary Form :
( Please see Book 10 in detail )

● Group 1 :

ka i masu 》 ka u か い ます 》 かう
ka ki masu 》 ka ku か き ます 》 かく
oyo gi masu 》 oyo gu およ ぎ ます 》 およ ぐ
hana shi masu 》 hana su はな し ます 》 はな す
ma chi masu 》 ma tsu ま ち ます 》 まつ
shi ni masu 》 shi nu し に ます 》 しぬ
yo bi masu 》 yo bu よ び ます 》 よぶ
no mi masu 》 no mu の み ます 》 のむ
kae ri masu 》 kae ru かえ り ます 》 かえ る

● Group 2 :

tabe masu 》 tabe ru たべ ます 》 たべ る

oshie masu 》 oshie ru おしえ ます 》 おしえ る
ne masu 》 ne ru ね ます 》 ねる
mi masu 》 mi ru み ます 》 みる
ki masu 》 ki ru き ます 》 きる

● Group 3 :

ki masu 》 ku ru き ます 》 くる
shi masu 》 su ru し ます 》 する
benkyō shi masu 》 benkyō su ru べんきょう し ます 》 べんきょう す る
sōji shi masu 》 sōji su ru そうじ し ます 》 そうじ す る

10
 ❸ I can do. - 2

Potential Form
⑴
◎ I can ride a horse.
Verb Dictionary Form -koto [ga] deki-masu
Watashi [wa] uma [ni] noru -koto [ga] deki-masu.

Potential
● Verb Dictionary Form -koto [ga] deki-masu : = can do
( Verb Dictionary Form ことが できます )

Others
□ It means ‘can do’ too.

□ ‘Someone [wa] Something [o] Dictionary Form -koto [ga] deki-masu. ’

》Object is marked by [o].
◎ She can play the piano.
→ Kanojo [wa] ‘piano’ [o] hiku-koto [ga] deki-masu.
( かのじょは ピアノを ひくことが できます。)

Compare !
◎ She can play the piano.
→ Kanojo [wa] ‘piano’ [ga] hike-masu.
( かのじょは ピアノが ひけます。)

ki-ro キロ Measurement = km

She can speak Korean. 》 Kanojo [wa] Kankokugo [o] hanasu-koto [ga] deki-masu.
かのじょは かんこくごを はなすことが できます。

He can run 25 km. 》 Kare [wa] nijūgo-kiro hashiru-koto [ga] deki-masu.

かれは にじゅうごキロ はしることが できます。

My 5 year old son can write alphabets. 》 Go-sai [no] musuko [wa] ‘alphabet’ [o] kaku-koto [ga] deki-masu.
ごさいの むすこは アルファベットを かくことが できます。

We can park here. 》 Koko [ni] chūsha suru-koto [ga] deki-masu.

ここに ちゅうしゃ することが できます。

We can book on internet. 》 ‘Internet’ [de] yoyaku suru-koto [ga] deki-masu.

インターネットで よやくすることが できます。

⑵
◎ She can speak Spanish.
Noun [ga] deki-masu
Kanojo [wa] Supeingo [ga] deki-masu.

11
● Noun [ga] deki-masu : = can do
( Noun が できます )

□ Noun : language, instrument, sports etc.

◎ Ms. Mori can play the piano.
→ Mori-san [wa] ‘piano’ [ga] deki-masu.
( もりさんは ピアノが できます。)

She can speak English. 》 Kanojo [wa] Eigo [ga] deki-masu.

かのじょは えいごが できます。

She can speak Korean. 》 Kanojo [wa] Kankokugo [ga] deki-masu.

かのじょは かんこくごが できます。

He can play the violin. 》 Kare [wa] ‘violin’ [ga] deki-masu.

かれは バイオリンが できます。

I can ski. 》 Watashi [wa] ‘ski’ [ga] deki-masu.

わたしは スキーが できます。

I can drive a bus. 》 Watashi [wa] ‘bus’ [no] unten [ga] deki-masu.
わたしは バスの うんてんが できます。

12
 ❹ is completed

Potential Form
◎ A new building is completed on Meiji street.
Noun [ga] deki-mashita
Meiji-dōri [ni] atarashī biru [ga] deki-mashita.

Potential
● Something [ga] deki-mashita : = Something is completed
( Something が できました )

□ ‘deki-mashita’ : = Something is completed and it is ready.

Others
◎ Dinner is ready.
→ Bangohan [ga] deki-mashita.
( ばんごはんが できました。)

kūkō くうこう Noun = airport

mi-se みせ Noun = shop
jun-bi じゅんび Noun = preparation

A new stadium was completed last year. 》 Kyonen atarashī ‘stadium’ [ga] deki-mashita.
きょねん あたらしい スタジアムが できました。

An airport was open in Kobe. 》 Kōbe [ni] kūkō [ga] deki-mashita.

こうべに くうこうが できました。

A new shop is coming in front of the station. 》 Eki [no] mae [ni] atarashī mise [ga] deki-masu.
えきの まえに あたらしい みせが できます。

A sandwich is ready to eat. 》 ‘Sandwich’ [ga] deki-mashita.

サンドイッチが できました。

A preparation of the trip is completed. 》 Ryokō [no] junbi [ga] deki-mashita.

りょこうの じゅんびが できました。

13
 Hokkaido
北海道

・Hokkaidō [de] ‘ski’ [ga] deki-masu.

ほっかいどうで スキーが できます。
( = We can ski in Hokkaido. )

・Tōkyō [kara] ichi-jikan han [de] ike-masu.

とうきょうから いちじかん はん で いけます。
( = It takes 1 hour and half from Tokyo. )

・Oishī Rāmen [ga] taberare-masu.

おいしい ラーメンが たべられます。
( = We can eat a delicious Ramen noodle. )

・Shinsen-na sushi [o] taberu-koto [ga] deki-masu.

しんせんな すしを たべることが できます。
( = We can eat a fresh sushi. )

・‘Lavender-batake’ [o] miru-koto [ga] deki-masu.

ラベンダーばたけを みることが できます。
( = We can see a lavender field. )

14
 chapter 2

1 see・hear

2 understand

15
 ❶ see・hear

Potential Form
⑴
◎ I can see the mountains.
Something [ga] mie-masu
Yama [ga] mie-masu.

Potential
● Something [ga] mie-masu : = can see something
( Something が みえます )

Others
□ ‘mie-masu’ : = can see
》The Verb itself has a meaning of ‘can’
》Object is marked by [ga(が)].
◎ I can see the rainbow.
→ Niji [ga] mie-masu.
( にじが みえます )

Compare
□ ‘mie-masu’ : without planning to
□ ‘mirare-masu’ : with pay attention
◎ ( I came back home at 6, so … ) I can see watch TV with my family.
→ Kazoku [to] terebi [ga] mirare-masu.
( かぞくと テレビが みられます。)

ya-ma やま Noun = mountain

ni-ji にじ Noun = rainbow
u-mi うみ Noun = sea
hi-kōki ひこうき Noun = plane

I can see trees from the window. 》 Mado [kara] ki [ga] mie-masu.
まどから きが みえます。

I can see the sea from my room. 》 Watashi [no] heya [kara] umi [ga] mie-masu.
わたしの へやから うみが みえます。

I can see a plane from here. 》 Koko [kara] hikōki [ga] mie-masu.
ここから ひこうきが みえます。

⑵
◎ I can hear the sound of sea waves.
Something [ga] kikoe-masu
Nami [no] oto [ga] kikoe-masu.

16
● Something [ga] kikoe-masu : = hear something
( Something が きこえます )

□ ‘kikoe-masu’ : = hear
》A sound comes into your ears.
》Object is marked by [ga(が)].

◎ I can hear the sound of cars.

→ Kuruma [no] oto [ga] kikoe-masu.
( くるまの おとが きこえます。)

na-mi なみ Noun = wave

o-to おと Noun = sound
a-ka-chan あかちゃん Noun = baby
na-ki-go-e なきごえ Noun = sound of crying

I can hear the piano sound. 》 ‘Piano’ [no] oto [ga] kikoe-masu.
ピアノの おとが きこえます。

I can hear the sound of baby crying. 》 Akachan [no] nakigoe [ga] kikoe-masu.
あかちゃんの なきごえが きこえます。

I can hear the sound of rain. 》 Ame [no] oto [ga] kikoe-masu.
あめの おとが きこえます。

17
 ❷ understand

Potential Form
◎ I don’t understand Japanese.
Someone [wa] Something [ga] wakari-masu
Watashi [wa] Nihongo [ga] wakari-masen.

Potential
● Someone [wa] Something [ga] wakari-masu : = Someone understands Something.
( Someone は Something が わかります )

□ ‘wakari-masu’ : = to understand

Others
》It also takes [ga(が)] for an Object.

◎ She understands English.

→ Kanojo [wa] Eigo [ga] wakari-masu.
( かのじょは えいごが わかります。)

i-mi いみ Noun = meaning

ki-mo-chi きもち Noun = feeling, emotion
bun ぶん Noun = sentence

I understand Kanji. 》 Watashi [wa] Kanji [ga] wakari-masu.

わたしは かんじが わかります。

I don’t understand English. 》 Watashi [wa] Eigo [ga] wakari-masen.

わたしは えいごが わかりません。

I don’t understand the meaning. 》 Watashi [wa] imi [ga] wakari-masen.

わたしは いみが わかりません。

I understand her feeling. 》 Watashi [wa] kanojo [no] kimochi [ga] wakari-masu.
わたしは かのじょの きもちが わかります。

Do you understand the meaning of this sentence? 》 Kono bun [no] imi [ga] wakari-masu-ka?
この ぶんの いみが わかりますか︖

18
 Hokkaido
北海道

Hokkaido
Hokkaido is the largest prefecture in Japan.

Ski Resort
・Tomamu Hoshino Resorts : 90 minutes by train from Shin Chitose Airport
・Niseko : 3 hours by bus from the airport
・Furano : 135 minutes by bus from the airport
・Kiroro : 90 minutes by bus from Sapporo city

Sapporo
Sapporo is a big city with 1.950.000 population. The weather in summer is nice, with no rainy
season and low humidity. In winter they have much snow, so ‘snow festival’ is held in February.
The huge snow sculptures are displayed at the Odori park in central Sapporo.

Otaru
It’s about 30 minutes by express train from Sapporo. Classic buildings along the canal have been
renovated and converted to cafe, restaurants, and shops. Otaru’s atmosphere is “good old”.
Otaru is also seafood town. There are many sushi restaurants on “the sushi street” which serve
excellent sushi.

19
I can make Sushi.
Watashi [wa] sushi ( ) ( tsukuri-masu → ). ga, tsukure-masu
わたしは すし ( ) ( つくります → )。 が、つくれます

Watashi [wa] sushi ( ) ( tsukuri-masu → ). o, tsukuru-koto [ga]

deki-masu
わたしは すし ( ) ( つくります → )。 を、つくることができます

We can eat here.

Koko [de] ( tabe-masu → ). taberare-masu
ここで ( つくります → )。 たべられます

Koko [de] ( tabe-masu → ). taberu-koto [ga] deki-masu

ここで ( つくります → )。 たべることができます

In Okinawa you can swim in May.

Okinawa [de-wa] gogatsu [ni] ( oyogi-masu → ). oyoge-masu
おきなわでは ごがつに ( およぎます → )。 およげます

Okinawa [de-wa] gogatsu [ni] ( tabe-masu → ). oyogu-koto [ga] deki-masu

おきなわでは ごがつに ( およぎます → )。 およぐことができます

A café was open in front of my house.

Watashi [no] ie [no] mae [ni] ‘cafe’ ( ) ( ). ga, deki-mashita
わたしの いえの まえに カフェ ( )( )。 が、できました

We can see Tokyo Sky-tree from here.

Koko [kara] Tokyo Sky-tree ( ) ( ). ga, mie-masu
ここから とうきょうスカイツリー ( )( )。 が、みえます

I can hear the sound of bird singing.

Tori [no] nakigoe ( ) ( ). ga, kikoe-masu
とりの なきごえ ( )( )。 が、きこえます

I understand Hiragana.
Watashi [wa] Hiragana ( ) ( ). ga, wakari-masu
わたしは ひらがな ( )( )。 が、わかります

20
Index :
(A)
Adjective -sōdesu Book 17
Adjective Conjugation Book 3
age-masu Book 5
aida Book 14
aida [ni] Book 14
amari Book 15
ano Book 3
are Book 3
ari-masu Book 6
asoko Book 3

(C)
Causative - Passive Form Book 20
Causative Form Book 20
chigai-masu Book 1
Comparative Book 15
Conditional Form Book 19
Counting Word Book 6

(D)
[dake] Book 7
dare-ka・dare-mo Book 6
[de] Book 7
demo Book 14
Dependent Clause Book 13
Dictionary Form Book 10
Dictionary Form -mae [ni] Book 14
Dictionary Form -nara Book 19
Dictionary Form -to ( Conditional ) Book 19
Dictionary Form -toki Book 14
Dictionary Form -tokoro-desu Book 10
Dictionary Form -tsumori-desu Book 17
Dictionary Form -yōni-īmasu Book 11
Dictionary Form yōni-nari-mashita Book 15
Dictionary Form yōni-shi-masu Book 15
dō-shita-ra-ī-desu-ka? Book 19
dō-sureba-ī-desu-ka? Book 19

(E)
[e] Book 7

(F)
Family Member Book 1

(G)
-ga Book 14
[ga] Book 7

21
Index :
(H)
hoshī-desu Book 17

(I)
i-Adjective Book 2
i-Adjecitve -kereba ( Conditional ) Book 19
i-Adjective -ku Book 15
i-Adjective -ku nari-masu Book 15
i-Adjective -ku shi-masu Book 15
i-Adjective -kute Book 8
i-Adjective -kute, ( so, … ) Book 9
i-masu Book 6
iki-masu Book 5
Imperative Form Book 18
Intrantitive Verb & Transitive Verb Book 9
itsumo Book 15

(J)
jōzu-desu Book 2

(K)
ka-dōka Book 13
[ka] Book 7
kaeri-masu Book 5
[kara] Book 7
[kara] ki-mashita Book 5
ki-masu Book 5
kikoe-masu Book 12
kite-i-masu Book 9
koko Book 3
koko [wa] … desu. / … [wa] koko desu. Book 3
kono Book 3
kore Book 3
-koto Book 13
-koto [ga] deki-masu Book 12
kure-masu Book 5

( M)
mada te-Form -i-masen Book 10
[made] Book 7
masu-Form Book 4
masu-Form -ni iki-masu Book 5
mie-masu Book 12
[mo] Book 7
morai-msu Book 5
mō Verb-mashita Book 10

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Index :
(N)
na-Adjective Book 2
na-Adjective -datta-ra ( Conditional ) Book 19
na-Adjective -de Book 8
na-Adjective -de, ( so, … ) Book 9
na-Adjective -nara ( Conditional ) Book 19
na-Adjective -ni Book 15
na-Adjective -ni nari-masu Book 15
na-Adjective -ni shi-masu Book 15
nagara Book 14
nai-Form Book 8
nai-Form -de, Verb-masu ( without the situation ) Book 9
nai-Form -katta-ra ( Conditional ) Book 19
nai-Form -kereba ( Conditional ) Book 19
nai-Form -kereba-ike-masen Book 18
nai-Form -ku-nari-mashita Book 15
nai-Form -kudasai Book 8
nai-Form -kute, ( so, … ) Book 9
nai-Form -kutemo-ī-desu Book 18
nai-Form -to ( Conditional ) Book 19
nai-Form hōga-ī-desu Book 18
nai-Form yōni-shi-masu Book 15
nan-desu-ka? Book 1
nani-ka・nani-mo Book 6
[ni] Book 7
[ni] tsuite Book 11
-no Book 13
[no] Book 7
[node] Book 16
Nominalization Book 13
-noni Book 19
Noun -de, ( so, … ) Book 9
Noun -deshita-ka? Book 1
Noun -deshita Book 1
Noun -desu-ka? Book 1
Noun -desu Book 1
Noun -jaarimasen Book 1
Noun -jaarimasendeshita Book 1
Noun -nara ( Conditional ) Book 19
Noun [ga] deki-masu Book 12
Noun [ni] iki-masu Book 5
Noun [ni] nari-masu Book 15
Noun [ni] shi-masu Book 15
Noun [no] ato [de] Book 14
Noun [no] mae [ni] Book 14
Noun [no] toki Book 14

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Index :
(O)
[o] Book 7

(P)
Passive Form Book 20
Plain Form Book 11
Plain Form -Noun ( = a person who ) Book 13
Plain Form -Noun ( = a thins which ) Book 13
Plain Form -deshō Book 17
Plain Form -kamoshiremasen Book 17
Plain Form -no [wa] Noun-desu Book 13
Plain Form -sōdesu Book 17
Plain Form -yōdesu Book 17
Plain Form [to] kiki-mashita Book 11
Plain Form [to] omoi-masu Book 11
Plain Form [to] omoi-masu Book 17
Plain Form [to] ī-mashita Book 11
Position Word Book 6
Potential Form Book 12
Potential Form yōni-nari-mashita Book 15
Prohibitive Form Book 18

(Q)
Question Word Book 3

(R)
Reported speech Book 11

(S)
[shika] Book 7
shikashi Book 14
shitte-i-masu Book 9
shumi [wa] Dictionary Form -koto-desu Book 13
soko Book 3
something [o] Quantity kudasai Book 4
something [o] kusadai Book 4
sono Book 3
sore Book 3
sorede Book 14
sorekara Book 14
soshite Book 14
suki-desu Book 2
sukoshi Book 15
Superlative Book 15
sō-desu Book 1

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Index :
(T)
ta-Form Book 10
ta-Form -ato [de] Book 14
ta-Form -bakari-desu Book 10
ta-Form -koto [ga] ari-masen Book 10
ta-Form -koto [ga] ari-masu-ka? Book 10
ta-Form -ra ( Conditional ) Book 19
ta-Form -ri, ta-Form -ri, shi-masu Book 10
ta-Form -toki Book 14
ta-Form -tokoro-desu Book 10
ta-Form hōga-ī-desu Book 18
takusan Book 15
tame-ni Book 16
te-Form Book 8
te-Form -age-masu Book 8
te-Form -i-maendeshita ( Past Continuous Negative ) Book 8
te-Form -i-mashita ( Past Continuous ) Book 8
te-Form -i-masu ( Present Continuous ) Book 8
te-Form -iru-tokoro-desu Book 10
te-Form -kuddasai Book 8
te-Form -kure-masu Book 8
te-Form -mi-masu Book 9
te-Form -mo-ī-desu Book 18
te-Form -morai-masu Book 8
te-Form -oki-masu ( do in advance ) Book 9
te-Form -oki-masu ( do it for next use ) Book 9
te-Form -shimai-mashita Book 8
te-Form -shimai-masu Book 10
te-Form -wa-ike-masen Book 18
te-Form [kara] Book 14
te-Form, ( so, … ) Book 9
te-Form, Verb-masu ( A does …, and B does … ) Book 9
te-Form, Verb-masu ( I do …, and then I do … ) Book 9
te-Form, Verb-masu ( with the situation ) Book 9
te-From -ari-masu ( State resulting ) Book 9
te-From -ari-masu ( have already done ) Book 9
te-From -i-masu ( State resulting ) Book 9
-temo Book 19
Tense Book 10
Time Words Book 5
to-do-Verb Book 4
[to] Book 7
[to] iu Book 11
tokidoki Book 15
totemo Book 15

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Index :
(V)
Verb Conjugation Book 4
Verb Group Book 8
Verb-masen-ka? Book 4
Verb-mashō Book 4
Verb-mashō-ka? Book 4
Verb-masu -hajime-masu Book 10
Verb-masu -kata Book 8
Verb-masu -nasai Book 18
Verb-masu -nikui-desu Book 15
Verb-masu -owari-masu Book 10
Verb-masu -sugi-masu Book 15
Verb-masu -sōdesu Book 17
Verb-masu -tai-desu Book 17
Verb-masu -tsuzuke-masu Book 10
Verb-masu -yasui-desu Book 15
Volitional Form Book 17
Volitional Form [to] omotte-i-masu Book 17

( W)
[wa] Book 7
wakari-masu Book 12
watashi [ga] Plain Form -Noun ( = a person who I ) Book 13
watashi [ga] Plain Form -Noun ( = a place where I ) Book 13
watashi [ga] Plain Form -Noun ( = a thing which I ) Book 13

(Y)
[ya] Book 7
yoku Book 15
[yori] Book 7
yōni Book 16

(Z)
zenzen Book 15

26
Self Study Japanese
12. Potential Form

27
Self Study Japanese

1. Noun
2. Adjective
3. Demonstrative Pronoun・Question Word
4. Verb
5. Verb & Particle
6. Existence
7. Particle
8. te-Form①・nai-Form①
9. te-Form②・nai-Form②
10. ta-Form・Dictionary Form
11. Plain Form・Reported Speech
12. Potential Form
13. Dependent Clause
14. Conjunction
15. Comparative・Adverb
16. Reason・Purpose
17. Volitional Form・Hope・Judgment
18. Imperative Form・Prohibitive Form
19. Conditional Form
20. Passive Form・Causative Form

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