PERCENTAGE AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2

CHAPTER

We call 'a' as the first term or antecedent and 'b' the

CONTENTS second term or consequent.
 Ratio Note :
1. A ratio remains unchanged if both of its terms are
 Equivalent Ratio multiplied by the same non-zero quantity. Let k  0,
then clearly,
 Proportion a ka
(i) = and therefore a : b = ka : kb
 Percentage b kb
a a/k a b
(ii) = and therefore a : b =  : 
 Profit and Loss b b/k k k

 Profit and Loss Percent 2. The ratio a : b is said to be in simplest form if HCF
of a and b is 1.

 Simple Interest  EXAMPLES 

Ex.1 Express 60 : 90 in its simplest form.
We can compare two quantities by two methods. Sol. In order to express the given ratio in its
simplest form we divide its first and second
1. By finding the differences of their magnitudes : term by their HCF.
When we want to see how much more or less one We have 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
quantity is than the other, we find the difference of
their magnitudes and such a comparison is known 90 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
as comparison by difference. So, HCF of 60 and 90 is 2 × 3 × 5 i.e., 30.
2. By finding the division of their magnitudes: 60 60  30 2
 60 : 90 = = = =2:3
If we want to see how many times more (or less) 90 90  30 3
one quantity is than the other, we find the ratio (or
division) of their magnitudes and such a Hence, the simplest form of 60 : 90 is 2 : 3.
comparison is known as the comparison by   Comparison of Ratios
division.
In order to compare two given ratios, we
express each of them in simplest form and then
 RATIO
compare these fractions by making their
denominators equal.
Ratio is the comparison by division of same kind of
quantities or the ratio of two quantities of same kind Ex.2 Compare 5 : 12 and 3 : 5
and in same units is a fraction that shows how many
Sol. Writing, the given ratio as fractions, we have
times the one quantity is of the other.
5 3
a 5 : 12 = and 3 : 5 =
The ratio a is to b is the fraction , and is written 12 5
b
as a : b. LCM of 12 and 5 is 60.
 Making the denominator of each fraction equal  EXAMPLES 
to 60, we have
Ex.5 Are 25, 15, 6, 5 in proportion ?
5 55 25 3 3  12 36 Sol. We have a = 25, b = 15, c = 6, d = 5
= = and = =
12 12  5 60 5 5  12 60
a : b = 25 : 15 = 5 : 3
Clearly, 36 > 25.
c:d=6:5
36 25 3 5
 >  > as a:bc:d
60 60 5 12
 25, 15, 6, 5 are not in proportion.
 EQUIVALENT RATIO Alternative method
A ratio obtained by multiplying or dividing the Product of extemes = ad = 25 × 5 = 125
numerator and denominator of a given ratio by the Product of means = bc = 15 × 6 = 90.
same non zero number is called an equivalent ratio.
as ad  bc.
 EXAMPLES 
 25, 15, 6, 5 are not in proportion.
Ex.3 Find two equivalent ratio of 12 : 8. Ex.6 Find the ratio of
12 12  4 3 (i) j 5 to 50 paise (ii) 15 kg to 210 gm
Sol. We have = =
8 84 2
(iii) 9 m to 27 cm (iv) 30 days to 36 hours.
 3 : 2 is an equivalent ratio of 12 : 8.
Sol. (i) j 5 to 50 paise
12 12  2 24
Also, = = = 5 × 100 paise to 50 paise
8 8 2 16
= 500 : 50
So, 24 : 16 is an equivalent ratio of 12 : 8.
= 10 : 1 (dividing first and second term
Hence, 3 : 2 and 24 : 16 are two equivalent
ratio of 12 : 8. by their HCF i.e. by 50)

 Unitary Method (ii) 15 kg to 210 gm

= 15 × 1000 gm to 210 gm
Ex.4 If 12 bowls cost j 72, What will be the cost of
20 such bowl ? = 15 × 1000 : 210 = 15000 : 210
Sol.  cost of 12 bowl = j 72 = 500 : 7 (HCF of 15000 and 210 is 30,
72 so dividing I and II terms by
 cost of 1 bowl = j = j 6
12 30)
Hence, cost of 20 bowl = j 6 × 20 = j 120 (iii) 9 m to 27 cm
= 9 × 100 cm to 27 cm
 PROPORTION
= 900 : 27
Four numbers a, b, c, d are said to be in proportion, = 100 : 3 (dividing I and II terms by
if a : b = c : d and we write a : b :: c : d or in other
words we can say that an equality of two ratios is the HCF of 900 and 27
called a proportion. which is 9)
(i) The first and fourth terms are called extreme (iv) 30 days to 36 hours
terms, second and third terms are called mean
terms. = 30 × 24 hours to 36 hours
If product of means = product of extremes, then = 30 × 24 : 36 = 720 : 36
given numbers are in proportion. = 20 : 1 (dividing I and II terms by the
(ii) d is called the fourth proportional to a, b, c. HCF of 720 and 36 which is 36)
Ex.7 In a computer lab, there are 3 computer for So, Product of extremes = Product of means
every 6 students. How many computer will be
Hence, 63, 42, 33, 22 are in proportion.
needed for 24 students ?
Ex.11 The first, second and fourth terms of a
Sol. 6 students have = 3 computers
proporiton are 217, 112, 32. Find the third
3 term.
1 student has = computers
6 Sol. Let the third term of the proportion be x.
3
24 students have = × 24 computers
6 217 : 112 :: x : 32
= 12 computers
Hence, 24 students will be needed 12 computers
We know that if numbers in proportion, then
Ex.8 Population of Rajasthan is 570 lakh and product of means = product of extremes
population of UP is 1660 lakh. Area of
 112 × x = 217 × 32
Rajasthan is 3 lakh km2 and area of UP is
2 lakh km2. 217  32
 x= ; x = 62
(i) How many people are there per km in 2 112
both these state ? Hence, the third term of the given proportion is 62.
(ii) Which state is less populated ? Ex.12 Express the ratio (i) 24 to 48 (ii) 12 cm to 1 m
Sol. (i) Population of Rajasthan = 570 lakh in their simplest form.
Area of Rajasthan = 3 lakh km2. 24 1
Sol. (i) 24 to 48 = =
570 48 2
 Number of people in per km2 = = 190
3 (dividing both the numbers by 24)
and population of U.P. = 1660 lakh (ii) before comparing 12 cm and 1 m they must
be expressed in the same unit.
Area of U.P. = 2 lakh km2.
12cm 12cm 12 3
1660  = = =
Number of people in per km = 2
= 830. 1m 1  100cm 100 25
2
So 12 cm : 1 m = 3 : 25
(ii) As population of Rajasthan per km2 is less
than the population of U.P. per km2 so Ex.13 Express the following ratios in their simplest
Rajasthan state is less populated. form :
Ex.9 The daily pocket expenses of X and Y are j 45 3
(i) 2 :
and j 90 respectively. What is the ratio of their 4
expenses in simplest form ?
6 15
Sol. HCF of 45 and 90 = 45 (ii) :
7 14
Required ratio = 45 : 90 3 3
Sol. (i) 2 : =2×4: ×4
45 45  45 1 4 4
= = 
90 90  45 2 (Multiplying both the numbers by 4)
Hence, required ratio is 1: 2. =8:3
Ex.10 Are 63 42, 33, 22 in proportion ? 6 15 6 15 6 14 4
(ii) : = ÷ = × =
Sol. Let a = 63, b = 42, c = 33, d = 22. 7 14 7 14 7 15 5
As product of extremes = 63 × 22 = 1386 6 15 4
 : = =4:5
Product of means = 33 × 42 = 1386. 7 14 5
Ex.14 Which ratio is greater, 5 : 4 or 7 : 6 ? Ex.17 Two length are in the ratio 3 : 7. The second
length is 42 cm. Find the first length.
Sol. To compare 5 : 4 and 7 : 6 we need to compare
5 7 Sol. Let the first length be x cm. Then we write the
and so that we may express both of them ratio of the length as x : 42; but it must be equal
4 6
with the same denominator. to the given ratio 3 : 7

5 5 6 30 7 74 28 x 3
 = = and = =  3 : 7 = x : 42  =
4 4 6 24 6 64 24 42 7
3 3 6
30 28 x= × 42 = = 18
Clearly, > or 5 : 4 > 7 : 6. 7 1
24 24
Hence, the first length is 18 cm.
Ex.15 A family has 15 pets of which 6 are cats or
kittens, 3 are dogs and the rest are birds. Find Ex.18 In a class of 60 pupils the ratio of the number
the ratio of the numbers of of boys to the number of girls is 7 : 8. How
many boys and girls are there ?
(i) birds to dogs (ii) birds to pets
Sol. Given that 7 are boys and 8 are girls so they are
Sol. (i) Total no. of pets = 15 15 together.
No. of cats or kittens = 6
7
Therefore, boys are 7 out of 15, i.e., of 60.
No. of dogs = 3 15
No. of birds = Total no. of pets 8
and girls are 8 out of 15, i.e. of 60.
– (No. of cats + No. of dogs) 15
= 15 – (6 + 3)  15 – 9 = 6 7
The number of boys = of 60
So, the no. of birds = 6 15

There are 6 birds and 3 dogs. 7

= × 60 = 7 × 4 = 28
15
So, the number of birds : number of dogs
=6:3=2:1 8
and the number of girls = × 60 = 8 × 4 = 32
15
(ii) There are 6 birds and 15 pets
Check : 28 + 32 = 60
So, the number of birds : number of pets
Ex.19 Divide j 2600 amongst three people so that
= 6 : 15 = 2 : 5 their shares are in the ratio 4 : 5 : 4.
Ex.16 Find the missing numbers in the following Sol. Given ratio is 4 : 5 : 4
ratios :
Now sum of the rations = 4 + 5 + 4 = 13
15 Therefore, the share of first person is 4 out of 13.
(i) : 15 = 8 : 10 (ii) 
4 10
4
Sol. (i) Let the missing number be x. i.e., × j 2600 = 4 × j 200 = j 800
13
therefore, x : 15 = 8 : 10 Similarly, the share of the second person is
x 8 15  8 3 8 5 out of 13.
  x = = = 3 × 4 = 12
15 10 10 2 5
i.e., × j 2600 = 5 × j 200 = j 1000
(ii) Let the missing number be x 13

x 15 and the share of the third person is 4 out of 13

Therefore, =
4 10 4
i.e., × j 2600 = 4 × j 200 = j 800
15 4 60 13
 x = = =6
10 10 Check : j 800 + j 1000 + j 800 = j 2600
 Alternative Method : 22  22 
(b)    100 %  50%
Let the shares be 4x, 5x and 4x 44  44 
Now the sum of shares = 4x + 5x + 4x = 13x 4  4 
(c)    100 %  16%
According to the questions 13x = j 2600 25  25 

x = j
 2600 Ex.23 Out of 50 students in a class, 15 like to play
= j 200
13 cricket. What is percentage of students who
like to play cricket ?
Hence the share of first person is
Sol. Total students = 50
4x = 4 × 200 = j 800
Students who like to play cricket = 15
Share of second person
So, % age of students who like to play cricket
= 5x = 5 × j 200 = j 1000
 15 
and share of the third person =   100 %  30% .
 50 
= 4x = 4 × j 200 = j 800
Ex.24 Convert the given decimals to percent :
Check : Sum of shares
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.75
= j 800 + j 1000 + j 800 = j 2600
(c) 0.08 (d) 0.56
 PERCENTAGE Sol. We have
When we take 100 as the denominator of fractions, (a) 0.6 = (0.6 × 100)% = 60%
the numerators are called percentages. For (b) 0.75 = (0.75 × 100)% = 75%
convenience, the symbol % is used for percent.
(c) 0.08 = (0.08 × 100)% = 8%
Or
‘‘A percentage is simply a ratio in which the second (d) 0.56 = (0.56 × 100)% = 56%
term is arranged to be 100’’. Also percent is an Ex.25 Convert a percentage into fraction
abbreviation of the Latin phrase per centum,
meaning per hundred or hundredths. (i) 45% (ii) 65% (iii) 42.5%

(i) A fraction may be converted into a percentage Sol. We have

by multiplying that fraction by 100%. This 45 9
does not change its value, since 100% is 1. (i) 45% = 
100 20
(ii) A decimal may be converted into a percentage
by multiplying it by 100%. 65 13
(ii) 65% = 
100 20
 EXAMPLES 
42.5 425 85 17
(iii) 42.5% =    .
7 100 1000 200 40
Ex.20 Express as a percentage.
20 Ex.26 Convert each of the following into decimal
7 7 fraction :
Sol.  × 100% = 35%
20 20 (a) 53% (b) 0.38% (c) 4.7%
Ex.21 Express 0.625 as a percentage. 53
Sol. (a) 53% =  0.53
Sol. 0.625 = 0.625 × 100% = 62.5% 100
1 22 4 0.38
Ex.22 Write (a) (b) (c) as percent. (b) 0.38% =  0.0038
4 44 25 100

1 1   100  4 .7 47
Sol. (a) We have    100 %   % = 25% (c) 4.7% =   0.047 .
4 4   4  100 1000
Ex.27 What percentage of the adjoining figure is II method (using percentage).
shaded and what percentage is unshaded ? Find
it. 25
25% of 20   20  5 .
100
Sol. First we find the fraction of the figure that is
shaded or unshaded. From this fraction we will  EXAMPLES 
find the percentage of the shaded and unshaded
regions. Ex.28 Convert each of the following ratios into a
percentage :
1
(i) 15 : 45
1 4 1
(ii) 3 : 5
4 1 4
Sol. We have,
4
15  15 
1 1 1 3 (i) 15 : 45 =    100 %
So, shaded region =      45  45 
4 4 4 4
3 
Now, percentage of shaded region =   100 %
9 
3 
=   100 %  75% 1 
 4  =   100 %
 3 
1
Unshaded region = 100 1
4 = %  33 %
3 3
Now, percentage of unshaded region
3 
1  (ii) 3 : 5 =   100 %  60%
=   100 %  25% 5 
4 
Ex.29 Arun bought a car for j 3,50,000. The next
Uses of Percentages
year, the price went upto j 3,70,000. What was
1. Interpreting percentages. the percentage of price increase?
2. Converting percentage to ‘How many’. Sol. j 3,50,000
Original price =
3. Converting ratio to percentage. Change in price = j 3,70,000 – j 3,50,000
4. Increase or decrease as percent. = j 20,000.

Eg. : Raju invests 10% of his pocket money in Percentage increase

buying toffees means j 10 out of j 100 are Amount of change in price
invested by Raju in buying the toffees. =  100
Original price
Eg. : A local cricket team played 20 matches in
one season. It won 25% of them. How many 20,000 2
=  100 =  100
matches did they win ? 3,50,000 35
Here, the total number of matches played are 2 40 5
20. Out of these 25% are won by the team. =  20 = 5
7 7 7
I method (direct). Out of 100, 25 matches are
5
won by the team. So, out of 20, number of Percentage increase = 5 %
matches won by the team 7

25 Hence, percentage increase in price of car

=  20 5
100 =5 %
7
= 5 matches.
Ex.30 Estimate what region of the following figures is 20 1
shaded and hence find percentage of that (iii) 20% of j 2500 = × 2500 = ×2500
100 5
shaded region.
= j 500
 75 
(iv) 75% of 1 kg =  1 kg = 0.75 kg
 100 
Ex.32 Convert given percents to decimal fractions and
(i) (ii) also to fractions in simplest form :
(i) 25% (ii) 150% (iii) 20% (iv) 5%
Sol.
S.No. Percentage Fraction Decimal
25 1
(iii) (i) 25%  0.25
100 4
Sol. We have,
150 3
1 (ii) 150%  1.50
(i) Shaded region = 100 2
4
20 1
1  (iii) 20%  0.20
% of shaded region =  100  % = 25% 100 5
 4 
5 1
3 (iv) 5%  0.05
(ii) Shaded region = 100 20
5
Ex.33 Convert each of the ratio to percentage :
3  (i) 3 : 1 (ii) 2 : 3 : 5
% of shaded region =  100  % = 60%
 5  Sol. (i) Given, 3 : 1
3 Total = 3 + 1 = 4
(iii) Shaded region =
8
3 1
Which shows in fractions : and
3  4 4
% of shaded region =  100  %
8  3 3 
Also, =  100  %= 75%
3  75 4 4 
=   25  % = % = 37.5%
 2  2
1 1 
=  100  % = 25%.
Ex.31 Find 4 4 
(i) 15% of 250 (ii) 1% of 1 hour (ii) Given 2 : 3 : 5
(iii) 20% of j 2500 (iv) 75% of 1kg Total = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
15 15 2 3 5
Sol. (i) 15% of 250 = × 250 =  10 = 37.5 Which shows in fraction : , , .
100 4 10 10 10

 1  2  2 
(ii) 1% of 1 hour =  1 hour Also =  100  % = 20%
 100  10  10 

 1  3 3  3  3 
=  60  = min or   60  sec =  100  % = 30%
 100  5 5  10  10 

3 5 5 
= min or 36 sec =  100  % = 50%
5 10  10 
Ex.34 The population of a city decreased from 25,000 Ex.37 If in a school 45% are girls, what percentage
to 24,500. Find the percentage decrease. are boys ?
Sol. Percentage decrease Sol. If 45% are girls, then (100 – 45)% are boys
i.e., 55% are boys
Decrease in population
= ×100 Ex.38 In a particular town if 85% houses have a
Initial population
telephone, what percentage do not have
25000  24500
= Sol. All house (i.e. 100% of houses) either have or
25000 do not have a telephone.
 500  If 85% have a telephone, then (100 – 85)% do
= 100  % = 2%
 25000  not, i.e., 15% do not have telephone

Ex.35 In a city 30% are females, 40% are males and Ex.39 Express 15 cm as a percentage of 3 m.
remaining the children. What % are children ? Sol. First express 3m in cm to bring both quantities
Sol. Percentage of females = 30% to the same unit.

Percentage of males = 40%  3 m = 3 × 100 cm = 300 cm

Percentage of children = (100 – 30 – 40)% Then the first quantity as a percentage of the
= 30% second quantity is

Ex.36 (i) Chalk contains calcium, carbon and 15 1

× 100% = × 100% = 5%
oxygen in the ratio 10 : 3 : 12. Find the 300 20
percentage of carbon in chalk.
Ex.40 Express 33.6 g as a percentage of 80g.
(ii) If in a stick of chalk, carbon is 3g, what is
Sol. The first quantity as a percentage of the second
the weight of the chalk stick ?
quantity is
Sol. (i) As chalk contains,
33.6 3360 336
Calcium : Carbon : Oxygen = 10 : 3 : 12 × 100% = %= % =42%
80 80 8
Total = 10 + 3 + 12 = 25 Ex.41 Find the value of
3 1
Carbon in chalk = (i) 44% of 650 km (ii) 3 % of 64 kg
25 8
percentage of carbon in chalk 44 44  65
Sol. (i) 44% of 650 km = × 650 = = 286 km
 3  100 10
=  100  % = 12%
 25  1 25
(ii) 3 % of 64 kg = % of 64 kg
(ii) As ratio of Calcium, Carbon and oxygen in 8 8
chalk is
25 1 200
= ×  64 = = 2 kg
10 : 3 : 12 8 100 100
Total = 10 + 3 + 12 = 25 1
Ex.42 Find the value of 82 % of 16 mm.
If Carbon = 3g 2
3 1 165
3gm = × chalk Sol. 82 % of 16 mm = % of 16mm
25 2 2
3 25 165
Chalk = gm = × 16 mm
3 200
So, weight of chalk = 25 gm 165  2 33  2 66
= mm = mm = mm = 13.2 mm
25 5 5
Ex.43 William travelled a distance of 10 km. He Sol. Required percentage of girl students
covered 70% of the distance by bus and the
remaining on foot. What distance did he travel 560
= × 100 = 70%
by bus ? How much distance did he cover on 800
foot ? Ex.47 Out of an income of j 15000, Hardik spends
Sol. Distance covered by bus = 70% of 10 km j 10200. What percentage of his income does
be save ?
70
= × 10 = 7 km Sol. Hardik's total income is j 15000.
100
Distance covered on foot = 10 km – 7 km Hardik's spending is j 10200.
= 3 km His saving is j (15000 – 10200)
Ex.44 55% of the population of a town is male. If the = j 4800
total population of the town is 128200, find the Therefore, required percentage of his saving
female population of the town.
4800
Sol. Male population of the town = 55% of 128200 = ×100 = 32%
15000
55
= × 128200 = 70510 Ex.48 The population of India is 113 crore. If it
100 increases by 1.7% every year, Find India's
Therefore, the female population of the town population after one year.
= 128200 – 70510 = 57690 Sol. India's population = 113 crore
Ex.45 A person donates 6% of his total savings to the Increased by 1.7%
Prime Minister's Relief Fund. He divides the
 1.7 
remaining money equally between his one son = 113 crore +  113  crore
and one daughter. If the total saving of the  100 
person is j 1500000, find the amount donated
192.1
to the Prime Minister's Relief Fund. Find the = 113 crore + crore
amounts received by his son and daughter 100
respectively = 113 crore + 1.921 crore
Sol. Amount donated to the Prime Minister's Relief = 14.921 crore
Fund = 6% of j 15,00,000
6  PROFIT AND LOSS
= × j 15,00,000
100 Cost Price
= j 90000
The price that a person spends to purchase or
Amount of savings left after donation to P.M.'s manufacture some goods is called the cost price. In
Relief Fund = j 15,00,000 – j 90,000 short, we write C.P. for cost price.

= j 14,10,000 Selling Price

Amount of received by his son The price at which a shopkeeper or a person sells
his good is called the selling price. In short, we
= j 14,10,000 ÷ 2 = j 7,05,000 write S.P. for selling price
because the remaining amount of his savings In case of profit In case of Loss
has been divided between his son and daughter
equally. So amount of received by his daughter  Profit = S.P. – C.P.  Loss = C.P. – S.P.
= j 7,05,000.  S.P. = Profit + C.P.  C.P. = Loss + S.P.
Ex.46 There are 800 students in a school, out of  C.P. = S.P. – Profit  S.P. = C.P.– Loss
which 560 are girls. Find the percentage of girl
students in the school.

  EXAMPLES  Ex.52 A milkman buys 20 litres of milk from a dairy
for j 370. He sells it at the rate of j 21.50 per
Ex.49 Find the profit or loss :
litre. Find his profit or loss.
(i) C.P. = j 176.50 ; S.P. = j 215.80 Sol. C.P. of 20 litre milk = j 370
(ii) C.P. = j 499 ; S.P. = j 357
S.P. of 1 litre milk = j 21.50
(iii) C.P. = j 44,450 ; S.P. = j 38,578
Therefore, S.P. of 20 litres milk
Sol. (i) Here S.P. > C.P., therefore
= j 21.50 × 20
Profit = S.P. – C.P. = j 215.80 – j 176.50 = 430
= j 39.30
Clearly, S.P. > C.P., so profit
(ii) Here S.P. < C.P., therefore
= j 430 – j 370
Loss = C.P. – S.P.
= j 60
= j 499 – j 357 = j 142 Ex.53 A girl purchased 12 packet for j 156. Each
(iii) Here C.P. > S.P. packet contains 10 pencils. She sold all the
So, Loss = C.P. – S.P. pencils at a price of j 2 per pencil. Find the
profit or loss.
= j 44,450 – j 38,578
Sol. 12 packets have 12 × 10 = 120 pencils.
= j 5,872
C.P. for 120 pencils = j 156
Ex.50 A trade purchased 10 quintals of wheat from a
farmer for j 8,750. He sold it at j 11.50 per Selling price for 1 pencil = j 2
kg. Find the amount of profit/ loss of the trader. Therefore, the S.P. of 120 pencil
Sol. We know that 1 quintal = 100 kg = 120 × 2 j = j 240
 10 quantials = 10 × 100 kg = 1000 kg Since S.P. > C.P., therefore, there will be the
profit.
So, the cost price of 1000 kg wheat = j 8,750
Also the selling price of 1kg wheat = 11.50
Profit = j 240 – j 156
Therefore, the S.P. of 1000 kg wheat = j 84.

= 1000 × 11.50 Ex.54 Bela purchased a second hand car for j 89,000.
She spent j 21,000 on its repair and sold it to
= j 11,500.00 Aman for j 1,10,000. Find her profit or loss in
Since S.P. > C.P. this transaction.
So, the profit = S.P. – C.P. Sol. The amount at which the Bela purchased the
car = j 89,000
j 11,500 – j 8750
=
The amount he spent on repair = j 21000
= j 2750
Therefore, the cost price
Thus, the profit of the trader is j 2750.
= j 89000 + j 21,000
Ex.51 A shopkeeper earns a profit of j 325.75 on
each sewing machine. If the C.P. of a machine = j 1,10,000
is j 2018.50, what is the selling price ? Note : Total C.P. = actual cost price + overheads.
Sol. Profit = j
 325.75, Cost Price = j
 2018.50
Since S.P. = 1,10,000
 S.P. = Profit + C.P. S.P. = C.P.
= j 325.75 + j 2018.50 Therefore Bela neither suffered loss nor gained
any profit.
= j 2344.25
  PROFIT OR LOSS PERCENT Clearly C.P. > S.P.
Loss = C.P. – S.P. = 600 – 500 = j 100
In order to calculate profit or loss in percent, we use
the following formulae : Therefore, Loss percent

Amount of profit Loss 100 50 2

1 (i) Profit % = × 100 = × 100 = × 100 = = 16
C.P. C.P. 600 3 3

Pr ofit 2
i.e. Profit%= × 100 So Loss percent = 16 %
C.P. 3

Loss Ex.56 Karim bought 150 dozens of pencils at j 20 a

(ii) Loss % = × 100 dozen. He sold them at j 2.50 per pencil. Find
C.P.
the profit or loss percent.
2. Profit or loss percent is always calculated on
the C.P. Sol. C.P. of one dozen of pencils = j 20
Also we can find C.P. of 150 dozens of pencils

C.P.  (100  Pr ofit %) = 20 × 150 = j 3000

S.P. =
100 Now, S.P. of 1 pencil = j 2.50
In case of profit % S.P. of 1 dozen (i.e. 12) pencils
C.P.  (100  Loss%) = 2.50 × 12 = j 30
S.P. =
100 Therefore, S.P. of 150 dozen pencils
In case of Loss % = 150 × 30 = j 4500
S.P  100 Profit = S.P. – C.P. = j (4500 – 3000)
C.P. =
(100  Pr ofit %)
= j 1500
In case of Profit %
1500
Profit (%) = ×100 = 50%
S.P.  100 3000
C.P. =
(100  Loss%)
Ex.57 Neelu bought 2400 bananas at j 15 a dozen.
In case of Loss % She sold 1350 of them at j 4 for 2 and
remaining at j 8 for 5. Find her gain or loss
 EXAMPLES  percent.
Ex.55 Find the profit or loss percent if : Sol. C.P. of 12 bananas = j 15
(i) C.P. = j 500; S.P. = j 600 15
C.P. of 1 banana =
(ii) C.P. = j 600; S.P. = j 500 12

Sol. (i) We have, C.P. = j 500, S.P. = j 600 15

C.P. of 2400 bananas = ×2400 = j 3000
12
Clearly S.P. > C.P.
Therefore profit = 600 – 500 = 100
S.P. of 2 bananas = j 4
4
Profit S.P. of 1 banana =
Hence, Profit percent = × 100 2
C.P.
4
=
100
× 100 = 20%
S.P. of 1350 bananas = × 1350 = j 2700
2
500
Remaining bananas = 2400 – 1350 = 1050
So, Profit percent = 20%
(ii) We have, C.P. = j 600, S.P. = j 500
S.P. of 5 remaining bananas = j 8
 8 1840
S.P. of 1 remaining bananas = S.P. of 1 egg = j
5 1200
8 1840
S.P. of 1050 remaining bananas = × 1050 S.P. of 100 eggs = j  100
5 1200
= j 1,680 460 1
= = j 153 .
Total S.P. = j 2700 + j 1680 = j 4380 3 3

Gain = j (4380 – 3000) = j 1380 Ex.61 An article is sold for j 420 at a profit of 12%.
Find the C.P.
1380
Gain (%) = × 100 = 46% Sol. Let the cost price of the article be 100
3000
Given Profit = j 12
Ex.58 A book wholesaler sold 300 copies of a book at
a profit of 15%. If C.P. of a book is j 48, find S.P. = j 100 + j 12 = 112.
the selling price of the books.
Using unitary method, we have
Sol. C.P. of 1 copy of the book = j 48 When S.P. is j 112, C.P. = j 100
C.P. of 300 copies of the book = 300 × 48
100
= j 14400 When S.P. is j 1, C.P. = j
112
15 100
Profit (%) = 15%, Profit =  14400 When S.P. is j 420, C.P. = j × 420
100 112
= j 2160 = j 375
Therefore, S.P. of books = 14400 + 2160 Hence, C.P. = j 375.
= j 16560 Ex.62 An old bike bought for j 2000 is sold for
Ex.59 A horse bought for j 8000 was sold at a loss of j 2200. Find the profit and the profit %
6%. At what price was the horse sold ? (or Gain%).

Sol. C.P. = j 8000, Loss (%) = 6% Sol. C.P. of the old bike = j 2000
6 S.P. of the old bike = j 2200
Loss = ×8000 = j 480
100 Clearly, S.P. > C.P.
Therefore, S.P. = C.P. – Loss So, Profit = S.P. – C.P.
= 8000 – 480 = j 7520 = j 2200 – j 2000 = j 200
Ex.60 Shweta bought 1200 eggs at j 16 a dozen. At Therefore, gain %
what price per hundred must she sell the eggs
so as to earn a profit of 15% ?  Gain   200 
= 100  % =  100  % = 10%
 C.P.   2000 
Sol. C.P. of a dozen i.e. 12 eggs = j 16
Ex.63 If a man were to sell his hand cart for j 720, he
16
Therefore, C.P. of 1200 eggs = ×1200 would loss 25%. What must be the selling price
12 if he were to gain 25% ?
= j 1600 Sol. Given S.P. of the hand-cart = j 720,
Profit (%) = 15% Loss = 25%
15 S.P.  100
Profit = ×1600 = j 240 C.P. =
100 (100  Loss%)
S.P. =j 1600 + j 240 = j 1840 720  100 720  100
So, C.P. = = = j 960
Therefore, S.P. of 1200 eggs = j 1840 100  25 75
 Desired gain = 25%  The total money we receive or pay is called the
amount due at that time. Thus the sum of
C.P.  (100  Gain %)
In this case, S.P. = principal and interest is called amount.
100
i.e. amount = principal + interest
960  (100  25) 960  125
= =  The time for which the money is kept in the
100 100
bank or for which the loan has been borrowed
= j 1200 is called the time period.
Ex.64 Nandan sells a quintal of wheat for j 308 To find the simple interest on a certain amount of
thereby, gaining a profit of 12%. money we need to know three quantities.
By selling a quintal of rice for the same (i) Amount deposited or borrowed is called
amount, he losses 12%. Find the C.P. of both principal (P)
rice and wheat. Also his total gain or loss. (ii) Rate of interest (R)
Sol. Given S.P. of wheat = j
 308, Gain = 12% (iii) Time period (T)
S.P.  100 PR T
We know, C.P. = So, simple Interest =
(100  gain %) 100
308  100 308  100 Note : If the rate of interest is given per annum then
Therefore, C.P. = =
100  12 112 the time period must be expressed in terms of year.

j 275
= For Example
Now, S.P. of rice = j 308 Time period T = 3 month should be written as

Loss = 12% 3 1
= year
12 4
100  S.P.
We know, C.P. = T = 6 month should be written as
(100  Loss%)
6 1
100  308  year
Therefore, C.P. of rice = 12 2
(100  12)
T = 9 month should be written as
100  308
= 9 3
88  year
12 4
= j 350
Total C.P. of wheat and rice  EXAMPLES 

j (275 + 350) = j 625

= Ex.65 Find the simple interest when; Principal =
j 600, Rate = 2% per annum and Time = 20
Total S.P. = j (308 × 2) = j 616 months.
We can see that S.P. < C.P. Sol. We have, P = Principal = j 600, R = Rate
Loss = j 625 – j 616 = j 9 percent per annum = 2
20
 SIMPLE INTEREST And T = Time = 20 months = year
12
Interest : Interest is the amount paid in lieu of Therefore, simple interest (S.I.)
using some money which is not owned by us.
PR T  600  2  20 
The amount of money deposited, lent or = = j  
100  100  12 
borrowed is called principal (P).
 The additional money given at the end of a
Thus S.I. = j 20.
period for using the principal is called interest.
Ex.66 Find the principal when Simple Interest = j 72, We have to find the sum.
Rate = 3% per annum and Time = 3 months.
S.I.  100
Now, Principal (P) =
Sol. We have, SI = j 72, R = 3%, R T
3 1 1863.75  100  2  2
T = 3 months = = year = = 1775 × 4
12 4 21  5
100  S.I. = j 7100
Therefore, Principal (P) =
R T
Hence, the required sum = j 7100
 100  72  4  7
P = j   = j (100 × 24 × 4) Ex.70 A sum of money becomes of itself in 6
 3 1  4
j 9600
= years at a certain rate of interest. Find the rate
of interest.
Ex.67 Find the rate when Principal = j 700, Simple
Interest = j 168 and Time = 16 months 7
Sol. Let the Principal be j P. Then amount = j P
4
Sol. We have, P = j 700, SI = j 168,
7
16 We have, principal = j P, Amount = j P,
T = 16 months = year 4
12 T = 6 years.
100  S.I. We have to find the rate (R)
Therefore, Rate = %
PT
Then, Amount = Principal + S.I.
168  100  12  168  12  7P
Rate = %=  % = P + S.I.
700  16  7  16  4
2016 7P 7 P  4P 3P
= % = 18% S.I. = –P= =
112 4 4 4
Ex.68 Find the time when principal = j 640, Rate We know that,
1
=12 % per annum and Simple Interest = j 40. PR T
2 S.I. =
100
Sol. We have, P = j 640,
3P P  R  6
1 25 
R = 12 % = per annum, SI = j 40 4 100
2 2
3P × 100 = 4 × P × R × 6
S.I  100 40  100  2 1
Therefore, T = = = 300 P = 24 P × R
PR 640  25 2
Therefore, Rate (R)
1
Thus, T = year or 6 months. 300P 300P 300
2 = % or R = = %
24P 24P 24
1
Ex.69 Neeraj borrowed a sum of money at 10 % per 300  12 25 1
2 R= %= % = 12 %
annum from a bank. If he paid j 1863.75 as 24  12 2 2
1 Hence, required rate percent
interest for 2 years, find the sum.
2
1
= 12 % per annum
1 21 2
Sol. We have, R = 10 % = , S.I.= j 1863.75
2 2
Ex.71 If Meena gives an interest of j 45 for one year
1 5 at 9% rate p.a., what is the sum she has
and T = 2 years = years.
2 2 borrowed ?
Sol. S.I. = 45, R = 9%, T = 1 year Loss % = 15%
PR T Loss
S.I. = Loss% =  100
100 C.P.
P  9 1 Loss
45 = 15 =  100
100 275
45  100 15  275
P= = 500 Loss =
9 100
Hence, Meena has borrowed j 500 = j 41.25.
Ex.72 What rate gives j 280 as interest on a sum of S.P. = C.P. – Loss = 275 – 41.25
j 56,000 in 2 years ? Hence, S.P. = j 233.75
Sol. We have, P = j 56000, T = 2, R = ? Ex.75 Juhi sells a washing machine for j 13,500. She
S.I. = j
 280 loses 20% in the bargain. What was the price at
which she bought it ?
PR T
S.I. =  Sol. We have
100
56000  R  2 280  100
S.P. = j 13500
280 =  R=
100 56000  2 Loss
Loss% =  100
Hence Rate (R) = 0.25% C.P.

Ex.73 Find the amount to be paid at the end of 3 years Loss%  C.P.  S.P. 
 
in each case : 100  C.P. 
(i) Principal = j 1200 at 12% p.a. 100  S.P. 100  13500
C.P. = =
(ii) Principal = j 7500 at 5% p.a. (100  loss%) 100 – 20
Sol. (i) We have, P = j 1200, R = 12%, 100  13500
=
T = 3 years 80

P  R  T 1200  12  3 Hence C.P. = j 16,875

S.I. = =
100 100 Ex.76 I bought a T.V. for j 10,000 and sold it at a
profit of 20%. How much money do I get for
S.I. = j 432.
it?
A = P + S.I. = j (1200 + 432) Sol. We have, C.P. = j 10,000
A= j 1632. Profit % = 20%
(ii) We have, P = j 7500, R = 5%, T = 3 years Pr ofit
Profit % =  100
PR T 7500  5  3 C.P.
S.I. = =
100 100
Pr ofit %  C.P. 20  10,000
Profit = =
S.I. = 1125 100 100
A = P + S.I. = 7500 + 1125 Profit = j 2000
A= j
 8625
S.P. = C.P. + Profit
Ex.74 Amina buys a book for j  275
and sells it at a = j (10,000 + 2000)
loss of 15%. How much does she sell it for ?
= j 12,000
Sol. We have
Hence I got j 12000 for T.V.
C.P. = j 275
Ex.77 An article was bought for j 400 and sold for Ex.78 An article was purchased for j 500 and sold
j 350. Find the loss and loss percent. for j 550. Find the gain and gain percent.
Sol. We have Sol. We have, C.P. = j 500
C.P = j 400 S.P. = j 550
S.P = j 350 As S.P. > C.P.
As C.P. > S.P.  Profit = j 50
Loss = C.P. – S.P. Pr ofit
Profit % =  100
=j (400 – 350) C.P.
Loss = j 50 50
= × 100 = 10%
500
Loss
Loss% =  100
C.P Hence, Profit % = 10%
50
=  100
400
Loss % = 12.5%
 EXERCISE # 1
Q.1 Find the ratio of Q.9 Shreyansh works in a factory and earns j 1500
(i) 60 paise : 3 rupees per month. He saves j 250 per month from his
(ii) 2 m 7 cm : 36 cm earnings. Find the ratio of
(iii) 2 years : 10 months (i) His savings to his earnings
(iv) 3 kg 250 g : 5 kg (ii) His earnings to his expenditure
3 (iii) His savings to his expenditure
(v) 12 cm : cm
2
Q.10 Find the value of x for which the following
(vi) 65 g : 1 kg
forms a proportion :
(vii) 75 paise : j 3
(i) 16 : 8 :: 7 : x (ii) 36 : 45 :: 16 : 2x
(viii) 50 ml : 1 l
Q.11 In the following question, give your answer in
Q.2 Express the following in the simplest form -
the simplest form :
1 1
(i) 28 : 80 (ii) : (i) A couple have 4 grandsons and 6
10 15
granddaughters. Find
1 1
(iii) 80 : 480 (iv) 1 : 3 : 4 (a) the ratio of number of grandsons to
2 2
that of granddaughters
1 1 1 2 8
(v) : : (vi) 2 : (b) the ratio of the number of
6 8 12 3 7
granddaughters to that of all the
Q.3 Which ratio is greater ? grandchildren.
(i) (3 : 7) or (4 : 9) (ii) Square A has a side of 6 cm and Square B
(ii) (5 : 8) or (6 : 17) has a side of 12 cm. Find the ratio of -
(iii) (3 : 4) or (2 : 3) (a) the length of the side of square A to
Q.4 Show that 7, 6, 49, 36 are not in proportion. that of square B.
(b) the perimeter of the square B to the
Q.5 Are the following in proportion ? perimeter of a square A.
(i) 45, 60, 30, 40 (c) the area of square A to the area of
(ii) 84, 42, 44, 22 square B.
(iii) 43, 55, 65, 170 (d) Can you find the ratio of area of square
(iv) 450, 400, 350, 300 A to the perimeter of square B? If not,
Q.6 The cost of 20 kg of milk is j 500. Find the justify your answer.
cost of 59 kg of milk. Q.12 If p : q = 2 : 3 find the ratio 6p : 2q.
Q.7 A bus travels 440 km is 8 hrs. Q.13 A triangle has sides 4.2 cm, 4.9 cm and 6.3 cm
(i) How long will it take to travel 385 km ? respectively. Find the ratio of lengths of the
1 sides to one another.
(ii) How far will it travel in 6 hours ?
2
Q.14 Two angle of a triangle are 54º and 72º. Find
Q.8 First, second and fourth terms of a proportion the ratio of size of the third angle to the sum of
are 141, 75 and 25. Find its third term. the first two.
Q.15 Find the missing numbers Q.26 A rugby team draws 15% of their matches and
(i) : 6 = 12 : 18 (ii) 9 : 6 = :4 loses 25% of them. What percentage of did
6 they win ?
(iii) =
8 12 Q.27 An alloy is made of 25% zinc, 30% copper and
Q.16 Find the unknown variable in the following : rest is nickle. Find the percentage of nickle.
x 7
(i) = (ii) x : 5 = 4 : 3 Q.28 In a final year exam, Aman scored 378 out of
4 20
600. What was his percentage marks ?
(iii) 5 : 1 = 3 : x (iv) 3 : x = 2 : 5
Q.29 Seventy of the 120 choristers in a choir wear
Q.17 Express the following percents into fraction in
their lowest terms and also into decimals. spectacles. What percentage do not ?
Fraction Q.30 Each weak a boy saves j 45 out of j 250 he
Per
S.No. in Lowest Ratio Decimals
cent earns. What percentage of earn does he not
Term
spend ?
i 20%
ii 45% Q.31 A secretary takes 92 letters to the post office
iii 37% for posting, 29 are registered and the remaining
iv 1 are ordinary mail. What percentage go by
87 %
2 ordinary mail ?
v 1
62 % Q.32 Arpit obtained 35 marks out of 40 in his end
2
maths examination. What was him percentage
vi 125%
marks ?

Q.18 A bike costing j 40,000 one year ago now Q.33 If 9% of a crowd of 75,000 at a cricket match
costs j 30,000. Find the percent decrease. were females, how many females attended the
Q.19 In a company of 100 workers, 20 were absent game ?
on a day. What percent of workers were present Q.34 In a garage, 16 of the 30 cars, which are for
on that day ?
sale are second hand. What percentage of the
Q.20 If x% of 420 is 63, find x. cars are :
(i) new ? (ii) second hand ?
Q.21 Kanu scored 450 marks out of 600. Express this
as percent. Q.35 There are 125 houses in a village and 72% of
1 them have a television. How many houses :
Q.22 If 88 % of households have a television set,
2 (i) have a televisions ?
what percentage do not have ? (ii) do not have a television ?

Q.23 In a box of oranges, 8% are rotten. What Q.36 There are 120 shop in a street, 30% of which
percentage are good ? sell food. How many shops do not sell food ?
Q.24 In a driving test, 15% fail to pass in first time. Q.37 A mathematics book has 320 pages, 40% of
What percentage pass in the first time ? which are on algebra, 25% on geometry and the
Q.25 A team won 65% of their matches and draw remaining on arithmetic. How many pages of
24% of them. What percentage did they lose ? arithmetic are there ?
Q.38 A man spends 92% of his monthly income. If 2
Q.45 In an orchard 16 % of the trees are apple
he saves j
 220 per month, find his total 3
monthly income. trees. If the number of trees in the orchard is
240, find the number of other type of trees in
Q.39 Jugal had 24 pages to write. By evening he had
the orchard.
completed 25% of his work. How many pages
were left ? Q.46 Out of a total production of 50400 tons of a
coal mine, a quantity of 5040 tons was lost
2
Q.40 A box contains 60 eggs. Out of which 16 % during extraction. What percent of the total
3
production was the net coal extracted ?
are rotten ones. How many eggs are rotten ?
Q.47 A drum contained 250 litres of kerosene.
Q.41 Mr. Virmani saves 12% of his salary. If he
5 litres of kerosene was lost due to leakage.
receives j 15,900 per month as salary, find his
What is the percentage of the kerosene which
monthly expenditure.
remained in the drum ?
Q.42 A lawyer willed his 3 sons j 2,50,000 to be
Q.48 A football team played 16 matches. The team
divided into portions 30%, 45% and 25%. How
won 6 matches and lost 2 and 8 matches ended
much did each of them inherit ?
in a draw. What percentage of the matches did
Q.43 Rajdhani College has 2,400 students, 40% of the team :
them are girls. How many boys are there in the (i) win ? (ii) lose ?
college ?

Q.44 Amar obtained 410 marks out of 500 in an

examination while his friend Rajiv gets 536
marks out of 600. Find whose performance is
better.
 ANSWER KEY
1. (i) 1 : 5 (ii) 23 : 4 (iii) 12 : 5 (iv) 13 : 20
(v) 8 : 1 (vi) 13 : 200 (vii) 1 : 4 (viii) 1 : 20

2. (i) 7 : 20 (ii) 3 : 2 (iii) 1 : 6 (iv) 1 : 2 : 3 (v) 4 : 3 : 2 (vi) 7 : 3

3. (i) 4 : 9 (ii) 5 : 8 (iii) 3 : 4

5. (i) yes (ii) yes (iii) no (iv) no

6. j 1475 7. (i) 7 hrs (ii) 357.5 km 8. 47

9. (i) 1 : 6 (ii) 6 : 5 (iii) 1 : 5 10. (i) 3.5 (ii) 10

11. (i) (a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 5

(ii) (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 4 (d) No, because both the quantities are not in same units

12. 2 : 1 13. 6 : 7 : 9 14. 3 : 7 15. (i) 4 (ii) 6 (iii) 9

7 20 3 15
16. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
5 3 5 2

17.
Fraction in 1 9 37 7 5 5
Lowest Term 5 20 100 8 8 4
Ratio 1:5 9 : 20 37 : 100 7:8 5:8 5:4
Decimals 0.2 0.45 0.37 0.875 0.625 1.25

1
18. 25% 19. 80% 20. 15 21. 75% 22. 11 % 23. 92%
2

24. 85% 25. 11% 26. 60% 27. 45% 28. 63% 29. 41.67%

30. 18% 31. 68.48% 32. 87.5% 33. 6750 34. (i) 46.67% (ii) 53.33%

35.(i) 90 (ii) 35 36. 84 37. 112 38. j 2750 39. 18

40. 10 41. j 13992 42. j 75000, j 112500, j 62500

43. 1440 44. Rajiv 45. 200 46. 90% 47. 98%

48. (i) 37.5% (ii) 12.5%

 EXERCISE # 2
Q.1 Noori's weight is increased by 15% between Q.9 In any year the value of a motorcycle
her fifteenth and sixteenth birthdays. If she depreciates by 10% of the value at the
weighed 65 kg on her fifteenth birthday, what beginning of that year. What is its value after
did she weigh on her sixteenth birthday ? two years, if purchase price was j 45,000 ?

Q.2 The water rates due on my house this year is Q.10 When the petrol was j 45 per litre, I used 500
15% more than they were last year. Last year I litres in a year. The price of petrol rose by 20%
paid j 3250. What must I pay this year ? so I reduced my yearly consumption by 20%.
Find
Q.3 In a school there are 80 teachers. It is expected (i) the new price of a litre of petrol
that the number of teaching staff next year will (ii) my reduced annual petrol consumption.
increase by 5%. How many staff members (iii) how much more (or less) my petrol bill is
should there be next year ? for the year.

Q.4 A living room suite is priced at j 5000 plus Q.11 The speed of a train is 120 km/hr. It is
value added tax (VAT) at 15%. How much increased by 10%. Find the increase in the
does the suite actually cost the consumer ? speed. Also find its new speed.

Q.5 The cost of a meal is j 150 plus service charge Q.12 The excise duty on a certain item has been
at 12.5%. How much should I pay for the meal? reduced to j 3486 from j 5229. Find the
percentage reduction in the excise duty for that
Q.6 As a result of using a good quality fertilizer,
item.
my potato crop increased by 20% compared to
the last year. If I grew 250 kg of potatoes last Q.13 j 15.50 per kg. If he
A grocer sells potato for
year, how many kg of potatoes did I grow this had purchased the potato for j 14.20 per kg,
year ? find the amount of profit or loss.

Q.7 Last year in a school there were 75 reported Q.14 A shopkeeper sold apples for j 30 per kg. If
cases of measles. This year the number of the shopkeeper made a loss of j 5.50 per kg

reported cases has dropped by 16%. How many what was the cost price of 1 kg of apples ?

cases have been reported this year ? Q.15 A cloth merchant sells an old stock at

Q.8 A car is valued at j 5,25,000. It depreciates by j 85,550. If he had a loss of j 15,000 what
was the value of his stock ?
20% in the first year and thereafter each year
by 15% of its value at the beginning of that Q.16 Raju has a cycle worth j 2200 and spent j 50
year. Find its value (i) after 2 years, on its repair. If he wants to sell its at a profit of
(ii) after 3 years. j 220. What would cycle's selling price be ?
Q.17 A milkman earned a profit of j 75 after selling Q.27 If the selling price of 4 articles is equal to the
some litres of milk for j 825. Find the cost of cost price of 5 articles, find the gain percent.
the milk.
Q.28 By selling 20 oranges, a vendor gains a profit
Q.18 A farmer bought a cow for j 3520. He spent equal to selling price of oranges. Find his gain
j 250 in bringing the cow to his house. He sold percent.
it at a loss of j 275. Find its selling price.
Q.29 A tricycle is sold at a gain of 15%. Had it been
Q.19 A man bought eggs at j
2 per egg. If he sells sold for j 27 more, the profit would have been
them at j 25 a dozen, find his loss or profit on 20%. Find its cost price.
selling one dozen egg.
Q.30 Mr. Shah sold a sofa at a gain of 15%. Had he
Q.20 A computer company manufactured computer
sold it for j 340 less, he would have lost 2%.
for j 65,550. The packaging cost is j 520 per
At what price did Mr. Shah purchase it ?
computer. If the company sold them at a profit
of j 450 per computers what was the selling Q.31 Paro purchased two ceiling fans for j 1000
price of each computer ? each. She sold one of them at a loss of 10%. At

Q.21 A farmer bought 100 hens for j 4000, sells 20 what should the other be sold so as to gain 20%
of them at a gain of 5%. At a what gain % must on the whole transaction ?
he sell the remaining hens so as to gain 20% on
Q.32 What sum lent out at 10% per annum simple
the whole ?
interest would produce j 150 as interest in
Q.22 By selling a bucket for j 24, a blacksmith loses 5 years ?
20% of his cost. If he sells it for j 27, what is
his profit or loss ?
Q.33 Find the simple interest on j 8500 from 12th
October, 1999 to 6th March, 2000 at 15% per
Q.23 An article is sold at a profit of 10%. Had it
annum.
been sold for j 30 more, the profit would have
been 25%, find the C.P. Q.34 Find the simple interest on j 3285 from May 11,
1999 to 11 September, 1999 at 10% annum.
Q.24 Ramesh purchased a house for j 4,52,000 and
spent j 28000 on its repairs. He had to sell it Q.35 Jeevan deposited j 2500 in his bank for buying
for j 4,68,000. Find his profit or loss percent. Magnum certificates issued by the State bank
of India. Unfortunately, his application for the
Q.25 By selling a chair for j 160, a carpenter loses
20%. How much percent would he gain or loss certificate was rejected. However, his money

by selling it for j 170 ? was refunded on March 28, 1988. He was paid
interest on his money at the rate of 8% per
Q.26 Mr. Siddharth sold two bicycles at j 924 each. annum for the period starting from Jan 15,
On one he gains 20% and on the other he loses
1988. How much did he get back in all ?
20%. How much does he gain or lose in the
whole transaction ?
Q.36 For investing money in the firm Rosy and Q.39 I borrowed some money at 8% per annum. I
Mitthu, you get interest at the rate of 18% per had to pay j 138.75 as interest after 3 year and
annum. What amount will you get after 6 years one month. What sum did I borrow ?
if you deposit j 10000 with the firm now and
Q.40 In how much time will the simple interest on
j 5000 three year from hence ?
j 800 at 12.5% per annum be j 125 ?
Q.37 What sum of money lent out at 6.25% per
1
annum simple interest produces j 37.50 as Q.41 In what time will a sum of money put as 13 %
3
interest in 8 months ?
simple interest triple itself ?
Q.38 Mohan borrowed some money at 12% per
annum. He had to pay j 168 as interest after 2
years and 4 months. What sum did he borrow ?
 ANSWER KEY
1. 74.75 kg 2. j 3737.50 3. 84 4. j 5750 5. j 168.75 6. 300 kg

7. 63 8. (i) j 357000 (ii) j 303450 9. j 36450 10. (i) j 54 (ii) 400 (iii) less j 900

11. 12 km, 132 km/h 12. 33.33% 13. profit j 1.30 14. j 35.50 15. j 100550 16. 2470

17. j 750 18. j 3495 19. profit j 1 20. j 66520 21. 23.75% 22. loss j 3 23. j 200

5
24. loss % 25. loss 15% 26. loss 4% 27. gain 25% 28. 25% 29. j 540 30. j 2000
2

31. j 1500 32. j 300 33. j 510 34. j 123 35. j 2540 36. j 28500 37. j 900

1
38. j 600 39. j 562.50 40. 1 years 41. 15 years
4