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6th Science 3rd Term Notes Questions – [New Book]

1. Magnetism
1. Choose the appropriate answer:

1. An object that is attracted by magnet.

a) wooden piece b) Plain pins

c) eraser d) a piece of paper

2. People who made mariner’s compass for the first time.

a) Indians b) Europeans

c) Chinese d) Egyptians

3.A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in the ________ direction.

a) North-East b) South-West

c) East-West d) North-South

4. Magnets lose their properties when they are

a) Used b) stored

c) hit with a hammer d) cleaned

5. Mariner’s compass is used to find the

a) Speed b) displacement

c) direction d) motion

6. _________made objects are attracted by magnets.

a) plastic b) iron

c) glass d) wax

7.Among the following which one is a magnetic substance?

a) Nickel b) sodium

c) oxygen d) potassium

8. _________ poles repel to each other.

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i) N-N ii)N-S iii) S-N iv) S-S

a) i and ii b) ii and iii

c) iii and iv d) I and iv

9. Magnets lose their properties if they are __________

a) dipped in water b) dipped in oil

c) heated d) in freezer

10. Electromagnetic trains can easity attain a speed of ______ km per hour.

a) 1200 b) 600

c) 100 d) 800

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as Bar-magnet, Horseshoe magnet and Ring
magnet.

2. The magnet which are attracted towards the magnet are called magnetic substances.

3. Paper is not a magnetic material.

4. In olden days, sailors used to ding directions by suspending a piece of lode stones.

5. A magnet always has two poles.

6. The magnetic Ore is called as magnetite.

7. Natural magnets do not have a definite shape.

8. Man-made magnets are called Artificial magnets.

9. A compass is an instrument which is used to find directions.

10. Cell phone will also get affected by magnetic field.

11. For a horse shoe magnet a single piece of soft iron can be used as a magnetic keeper across the pole.

3. True or False, If false, give the correct statement.

1. A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.

Ans: False. A cylindrical magnet has two poles.

2. Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.

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Ans: True.

3. Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought neat them.

Ans: False. Maximum iron filings stick in the poles of a bar magnet when it is brought near them.

4. A compass can be used to find East-West direction at any place.

Ans: True. A magnetic compass always points towards the North-South direction. If the North-South
direction is known, then the East-West direction can also be determined. This direction is
perpendicular to the North-South direction, ie., Perpendicular to the compass needle in the same plane.

5. Rubber is a magnetic material.

Ans: False. Rubber is a non-magnetic material.

6. Magnetites are artificial magnets.

Ans: False. Magnetities are natural magnets.

7. Cube shaped magnets are also available.

Ans: False. Oval shaped, Disc shaped, cylindrical shaped magnets are also available.

8. Substances which are attracted by magnet are called non-magnetic substance.

Ans: False. Substances which are attracted by magnets are called magnetic substance.

9. The end of the magnet that points to the north is called South pole.

Ans: False. The end points of the magnet that points to the south is called south pole.

10. The compass has a magnetic needle that can rotate easily.

Ans: True

11. Magnets lose their properties if they are dropped from a height.

Ans: True

12. Proper storage can also cause magnets to lose their properties.

Ans: False. Improper storage can also cause magnets to lose their properties.

13. Electromagnetic train is also called as flying tain.

Ans: True

4. Match the following:

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1. Compass - a) Maximum magnetic strength

2. Attraction - b) Like poles

3. Repulsion - c) Opposite poles

4. Magnetic poles - d) Magnetic needle

Ans: 1-d; 2-c; 3-b; 4-a

1. Natural magnets - a) Levitating propeller

2. Artificial magnets - b) Wooden spoon

3. Magnetic substance - c) Heating

4. Non magnetic substance - d) Bar magnet

5. Demagnetization - e) Pin holders

6. Electromagnetic train - f) Magnetite

Ans: 1-f; 2-d; 3-e; 4-b; 5-c; 6-a

5. Underline the odd ones and give reason:

1. Iron nail, pins, rubber tube, needle.

Ans: Rubber tube

Rubber tube is a non-magnetic substance, others are magnetic substances.

2. Lift, escalator, electromagnetic train, electric bulb.

Ans: Electric bulb.

Electric bulb does not have magnets others have electromagnets.

3. Attraction, repulsion, pointing direction, illumination.

Ans: Illumination

Illumination is not a property of magnet, others are magnetic properties.

6. Analog:

1. Natural magnet: Magnetic stones :: Artificial magnet: Bar magnet

2. Magnetic substance: Attracted by magnets :: Non magnetic substance: Not attracted by magnets.

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3. Repel to each other: Like poles :: Attract to each other :Unlike poles

4. Demagnetization: Hit with hammer:: making magnets: rubbing with one end to other end without
changing direction.

5. Electro magnet: magnetic crane :: Ordinary magnet : Mobile phone covers.

7. Short Questions answer:

1. Explain the attraction and repulsion between magnetic poles.

Take two similar magnets, place them four different ways like (N-N), (N-S), (S-S), (S-N)

Like poles (N-N), (S-S) repel each other.

Unlike poles (N-S), (S-N) attract each other.

2. A student who checked some magnets in the school laboratory found out that their magnetic
force is worn out. Give three reasons for that?

Magnets loose their properties if they are

i) heated

ii) Dropped from a height

iii) hit with a hammer

There are the reasons for that their magnetic force is worn out.

3. You are provided with an iron needle. How will you magnetize it?

i) Take the given iron needle.

ii) Place it on a table.

iii) Take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near one edge of the needle.

iv) Rub from one end to another and without changing the direction of the pole of the magnet.

v) Repeat the process for 30 to 40 times.

vi) Bring a pin near the needle.

vii) Now the needle attracts the pin. So needle is magnetized.

4. How does the electromagnetic train work?

i) Electromagnets are used in Electromagnetic train.

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ii) Electromagnets are magnetized only when current flows through them.

iii) When the direction of current is changed, the poles of the electromagnetism are also changed.

iv) Like poles of the magnets which are attached at the bottom of the train and rail track repel each
other.

v) So, the train is lifted from the track up to a height of 10 cm.

vi) We know that we can move any magnetic object with the force of attraction or repulsion properties
of magnets.

vii) This train also moves with the help of the magnets attached on the side of track and the magnets
fitted at the bottom sideway of the train.

viii) By controlling the current, we can control the magnets and movement of the train.

5. You are provided with iron fillings and a bar magnet without labeling the poles of the magnet.
Using this

a) How will you identify the poles of the magnet?

Tie a piece of thread to the centre of bar magnet and suspend it. after some rotation, the magnet stops
at ta position. The end of the magnet that points to the north is called North Pole.

The end of the magnet that points to the south is called South Pole.

b) Which part of the bar magnet attracts more iron fillings? Why?

The more iron fillings are attracted by the poles of the magnet, because the poles have more
concentrated magnetic power.

6. Two bar magnets are given in the figure A and B. by the property of attraction, identify the
North pole and the South pole in the bar magnet (B).

Fig A Fig B

S N ? ?

Ans: The Fig. A has S and N poles.

In the Fig-B magnet, nearer to the North pole of Fig.A is South pole and the next pole is North Pole.

Fig A Fig B

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S N S N

7. Take a glass of water with a few pins inside. How will you take out the pins without dipping your
hands into water?

i) Take a bar magnet.

ii) Tie it in a thread.

iii) Dip the tied magnet into the glass of water

iv) The pins are attracted by the magnet.

v) Now take out the magnet from the glass of water.

vi) Collect the pins from the magnet.

8. Give the different shapes of Artificial magnets.

i) Bar magnet ii) Horse shoe magnet iii) Ring magnet iv) Needle magnet

v) Oval shape magnet vi) Disc shape magnet vii) Cylindrical shape magnet

9. Differentiate magnetic and non magnetic substance.

Sl.no Magnetic Substance Non-Magnetic Substance

1 It is attracted by magnets. It is not attracted by magnets.

2 Ex. Iron, Cobalt, Nickel Ex. Paper, Plastic, Glass

10. Define –Poles of a magnet.

The attractive force of the magnet is very large near the two ends. These two ends are called poles of
a magnet.

11. Give the properties of magnets.

i) Like poles repel each other.

ii) Unlike poles attract each other.

12. What are the objects affected by magnetic field?

Cellphone, Computer and DVB are the objects affected by magnetic field.

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13. Give any two tips to store bar magnets.

i) Bar magnets should be kept in pairs with their unlike poles on the same side.

ii) They must be separated by a piece of wood and two pieces of soft iron should be placed across their
ends.

14. Give the uses of magnets.

i) Magnets are used in speakers to power up.

ii) Magnets are used in ladies hand bags, Pencil boxes etc., to make a tight seal.

2. Water
1. Choose the appropriate answer:

1. Around 97% of water available on earth is _________ water.

a) fresh b) pure

c) salty d) polluted

2. Which of the following is not a part of water cycle?

a) evaporation b) condensation

c) rain d) distillation

3. Which of the following process add water vapour to the atmosphere?

i) Transpiration ii) precipitation iii) Condensation iv) Evaporation

a) ii and iii b) ii and iv

c) i and iv d) i and ii

4.About 30% of the fresh water is found in?

a) glaciers b) ground water

c) other sources of water d) 0.3%

5. Using R.O plant at home eliminates a lot of non-potable water. The best way to effectively use the
expelled water of R.O plant is _______

a) make the expelled water go and seep near the bore well.

b) use it for watering plants

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c) to drink the expelled water after boiling and cooling

d) to use for cooking as the water is full of many nutrients

6. ________ form of water is present in mountain and polar regions.

a) Solid b) Liquid

c) Gaseous d) All these

7. ________ is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, chemical substance.

a) Petrol b) Wax

c) Water d) Kerosene

8. _________ water contains 0.05% to 1% of salts.

a) Brackish b) Fresh

c) Sea d) Sewage

9. Water from oceans, lakes, ponds and rivers evaporates due to the heat of _________

a) Sun b) Pressure

c) Atmosphere d) None of these

10. In plants, the loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts through _________

a) Root b) Shoot

c) Stomatal pores d) fruit

11. _______ water is obtained through open wells, tube wells or hand pumps, springs.

a) surface b) frozen

c) saline d) ground

12. ________ of Asia’s largest rivers flow from the Himalayas.

a) 10 b) 9

c) 11 d) 15

13. Volume of liquid is measured by __________

a) Gallon b) Litre

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c) Cusec d) All the above

14. _________ forests are found in Pichavaram near Chidambaram.

a) Green b) Grass lands

c) Mangrove d) Estuaries

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. Only 0.3 percent of natural water is available for human consumption.

2. The process of changing water into its vapour is called Evaporation.

3. Dam is built on rivers to regulate water flow and distribute water.

4. Water levels in rivers increase greatly during raining.

5. Water cycle is also called as Hydrological cycle.

6. Water plays a vital role in the evolution and survival of life.

7. Vapour is present in the air around us.

8. In the distribution of total 0.3% of surface water Lakes have 87^% surface water.

9.The molecular formula of water is H2O

10. The oceanic volcanoes which are present inside also add salt to the sea.

11. Every year March 22nd is observed as the World water day.

12. The water vapour gets cooled and changes into tiny water droplets that form clouds in the sky.

13. A larger portion of water is 68.7% of the total available fresh water in frozen state.

14. Water level in the reservoirs is measured in Cubic feet per second (cusecs)

15. Adoption of drip and sprinkler irrigation in agriculture.

3. True or False, If false, give the correct statement.

1. Water present in rivers, lakes and ponds is unfit for use by human beings.

Ans: False. Water present in rivers, lakes and ponds is fit for use by human being’s.

2. Seas are formed when the water table meets the land surface.

Ans: False. Ponds are formed when the water table meets the land surface.

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3. The evaporation of water takes place only in sunlight.

Ans: True.

4.Condensation results in the formation of dew on grass.

Ans: True.

5. Sea water can be used for irrigation as such.

Ans: False. Sea water cannot be used for irrigation as such.

6. Mountains helps to regulate the temperature of our earth.

Ans: False. Water helps to regulate the temperature of our earth.

7. Solid form of water is present in underground.

Ans: False. Liquid form of water is present in underground.

8. Water while passing through layers of soil dissolves salt and minerals to a maximum extent.

Ans: True

9.Water freeze at 100o Celsius at normal pressure.

Ans: False. Water freeze at 0o Celsius at normal pressure

10. When the air around the clouds is cool. These drops of water fall in the form of snow or rain.

Ans: True

11. Direct collection and use of rain water is called rain water harvesting.

Ans: True.

12. Estuaries are harmful to unique plants and animal species.

Ans: False. Estuaries are home to unique plants and animal species.

4. Match the following:

1. Flood - a) Lake

2. Surface water - b) Evaporation

3. Sun light - c) Water Vapour

4. Cloud - d) Pole

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5. Frozen water - e) Increased rain fall

Ans: 1-e; 2-a; 3-b; 4-c; 5-d

5. Arrange the following statements in correct sequence:

1. These vapours condense to form tiny droplets of water.

2. The water droplets come together to form large water droplets.

3. The heat of the sun causes evaporation of water from the surface of the earth. Oceans, lakes, rivers and
other water bodies.

4. The large water droplets become heavy and the air cannot hold them. Therefore, they fall as rains.

5. Water vapour is also continuously added to the atmosphere through transpiration from the surface of
the leaves of trees.

6. Warm air carrying clouds rise up.

7. Higher up in the atmosphere, the air is cool.

8. These droplets floating in the air along with the dust particles form clouds.

Ans:

1. The heat of the sun causes evaporation of water from the surface of the earth. Oceans, lakes, rivers and
other water bodies.

2. Water vapour is also continuously added to the atmosphere through transpiration from the surface of
the leaves of trees.

3. Higher up in the atmosphere, the air is cool.

4. These vapours condense to form tiny droplets of water.

5. These droplets floating in the air along with the dust particles form clouds.

6. Warm air carrying clouds rise up.

7. The water droplets come together to form large water droplets.

8. The large water droplets become heavy and the air cannot hold them. Therefore, they fall as rains.

6. Analogy:

1. Population explosion : Water scarcity :: Recycle: Water management

2. Ground water : Tube wells ::Surface water: lakes

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3. Ice berg: Solid form :: Water vapour : Gaseous form

4. Contain more than 3% of salt : Sea water :: upto 3% of salt dissolved : Brackish water,

5.Water bodies neet the sea : Estuaries :: Wet lands : Swamps

6. Napler Bridge area:Estuaries :: Pallikkaranai : Wet land

7. Short Questions answer:

1. Name four different sources of water.

Different sources of water are wells, canals, tanks, ponds, rivers, water tanks, hand pipes.

2. How do people in cites and rural areas get water for various purposes?

In city, people get water from water tanks, hand pipes and bore wells. In rural areas, people get water
from wells, canals, ponds and rivers.

3. Take out a cooled bottle of water from refrigerator and keep it on a table. After some tiem you
notice a puddle of water around it. why?

i) The cooled water bottle has very cold exposed surface.

ii) Due to cool surface there is condensation of water vapour from air on the surface of water bottle. It
is because of the fact that water vapour is present in atmosphere.

iii) The condensed water molecules spread around the bottle.

iv) So a puddle of water is noticed after sometime.

4. We could see clouds almost every day. Why doesn’t it rain daily?

i) The millions of tiny droplets do not collide with another to form larger droplets.

ii) The air around the clouds is not cool.

5. Name the places where water is found as ice.

Ice is present in top of tall mountains, glaciers and polar regions.

6. How do aquatic animals manage to live in Arctic and Antarctic Circle?

In Arctic and Antarctic Circle, water in lakes and ponds will be frozen and a solid layer of ice is
formed on the surface of water. Still aquatic animals living under the ice do not die. This is because,
the floating layer of ice acts as a protective coat and does not permit heat to escape from water. So as
the surface water alone turns to ice, the aquatic animals manage it.

7. What are the types of rain water harvesting?

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Two types of rain water harvesting are:

a) Collecting water from where it falls. Example: Collecting water from the roof tops of the houses or
buildings ( Roof water harvesting)

b) Collecting flowing rain water. Example Collecting rainwater by constructing ponds with bund.

8. Difference between surface water and ground water.

Sl.no Surface water Ground water

1 Water present on the surface of Water present beneath earth’s surface

the earth. in soil.

2 Ex. River, lakes, ponds, streams Ex. Open wells, tube wells (or) land
or freshwater. pumps, springs etc.

9. Write a few slogans of your own on the topic “Save water”.

Save water slogans:

a) Conserve water, conserve life.

b) Save water, and it will save you.

c) It takes a lot of blue to stay green.

d) Don’t let life slop down the drain.

e) Don’t flush our planets most valuable source.

10. About 71% of earth’s surface is covered with water, then why do we face scarcity of water?

About 71% of the earth’s surface is covered with water and even then we face scarcity of water.
Reasons:

a) 97% of total water is found in seas and oceans, which is salty and not fit for human consumption.

b) Only 3% found is the freshwater and that too available in polar ice caps and glaciers.

c) Out of 3% fresh water, only 0.3% is available to us as surface water in lakes, rivers, and swamps.

11. Give reason for the following statement – Sewage should not be disposed of in rives or oceans
before treatment.

Sewage contains harmful and toxic chemicals. They can disturb the ecosystem of the living animals,
in the rivers or oceans. So it should be treated effectually before disposing into rivers and oceans.

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12. The fresh water available on earth is only 3%. We cannot increase the amount of water. In that
case, how can we sustain the water level?

i) The sewage water treatment is to be adopted.

ii) Decrease the usage of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers in agriculture.

iii) Protect forest and trees.

iv) Adopt drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in agriculture.

v) Rain water harvesting should be implemented in every building.

vi) Create awareness about the impact of throwing wastes into the water bodies.

13. When there is no pond or lake in an area, will there be formation of clouds possible in that
area?

Yes, the formation of clouds is possible at that area because plants also release water vapour by
transpiration process. This water vapour will form clouds.

14. To clean the spectacles, people often breathe out on glasses to make them wet. Explain why do
the glasses become wet.

When a person breathes out on glasses, some amount of water vapour also comes out in exhaled air.
This water vapour condenses on the glasses and thus the glasses become wet.

15. Give the uses of water.

Cooking food, washing clothes, cleaning utensils, bathing ,agriculture etc.

16. What are the three forms of water?

Water is available in solid, liquid and vapour forms.

17. Which places have fresh water?

Ponds, pools, rivers, tube wells have fresh water.

18. How is 3% of fresh water distributed?

Polar ice caps and glaciers -68.7%

Ground water -30.1%

Other source of water -0.9%

Surface water -0.3%

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19. Define – Saline water.

Water with large amount of dissolved solids is not potable or suitable for drinking. Such water is
called saline water.

20. How water is classified based on its salinity?

Based on salinity, water is classified into three main categories. Such as fresh water, Brackish water
and Sea water.

21. What are the salts dissolved in sea water?

The salts are dissolved in sea water are sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride.

22. Define – Water cycle.

The water on the earth evaporates into the atmosphere due to the heat of the sun. the water vapour in
the atmosphere forms clouds. From the clouds, water falls on the earth in the form of rain or snow.
By this natural process, water gets renewed. This is called water cycle.

23. What is condensation?

Water vapour which enters into the atmosphere by evaporation mvoes upward with air, gets cooled
and changes into tiny water droplets that form clouds in the sky. This process is known as
condensation.

24. What is transpiration?

It is the process of loss of water from the serial parts of a plant in vapour form. This is called
transpiration.

25. What is frozen water?

Water that is present in the frozen form as polar ice caps and glaciers are called frozen water. A large
portion of water is 68.7% of the total available fresh water is in frozen form.

26. Define – Scarcity of water.

There is no change in the total quantity of water available on the earth. It remains the same. But the
water useful for plants, animals and man is decreasing day by day. It is called scarcity of water.

27. List the wetlands in Tamil Nadu?

i) Pichavaram Mangroves near Chidambaram.

ii) Muthupet Mangrove wet-land.

iii) Pallikkaranai wet-land in Chennai.

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iv) Chembarambakkam in Kancheepuram are a few examples of swamps in Tamil Nadu.

28. What is meant by conservation of water?

Saving water for the futue generations by using water carefully and in a limited way is conservation of
water.

3. Chemistry in Everyday Life

1. Choose the correct answer:

1. Soaps were originally made from___________

a) proteins b) animal fats and vegetable oils

c) chemicals extracted from the soil d) foam booster

2. The saponification fo a fat or oil is done using ________ solution for hot process.

a) potassium hydroxide b) sodium hydroxide

c) Hydrochloric acid d) Sodium chloride

3. Gypsum is added to the cement for ________

a) fast setting b) delayed setting

c) hardening d) making paste

4. Phenol is ____________

a) carbolic acid b) acetic acid

c) benzoic acid d) Hydrochloric acid

5. Natural adhesives are made from ___________

a) Protein b) fat

c) starch d) vitamins

6. ________ changes results in the change of the substance.

a) Physical b) Chemical

c) Biological d) Zoological

7. ________ are the substances which can undergo chemical changes to produce certain materials.

a) soaps b) fertilizers
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c) plastics d) all the above

8. _______ is the important material in construction industry.

a) soap b) adhesives

c) cement d) fertilizer

9. All the plants get their _________ from the soil.

a) Nutrients b) water

c) nitrogen d) all the above

10.________ concrete is a composite material by mixing iron mesh with cement.

a) motar b) m-sand

c) Reinforced cement d) Gypsum

11. The molecular formula of Epsom is ____________

a) CaSO4½ H2O b) C6H5OH

c) MgSO4.7H2O d) CaSO42H2O

12. The chemical name of gypsum is ____________

a) Magnesium sulphate hydrate b) Calcium sulphate hemibydrate

c) Carbolic acid d) Calcium sulphate dihydrate

13. ______ is used in making black board chalks.

a) plaster of paris b) gypsum

c) Epson d) phenol

14. ______ is sued as surgical antiseptic.

a) Epson b) Phenol

c) Gypsum d) None of these

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. Propanethial-s-oxide gas causes tears in our eyes, while cutting onions.

2. Water, coconut oil and animal fat are necessary for soap preparation.

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3.Earthworm is called as farmer’s best friend.

4.Organic fertilizer is eco friendly.

5. Starch dissolved in water is an example for natural adhesive.

6. Burning of paper is the best example of Chemical change.

7. Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the study of particles around us.

8. Salt is a combination of the chemicals Sodium and Chlorine.

9. We could prepare soft idly as a result of a chemical change named fermentation takes place in the idly
batter.

10. We are using wash powder to remove strong stains on the clothes.

11. Organic fertilizers help plant grow and restore soil fertility.

12. Compost is the organic fertilizer.

13. Joseph Aspdin invented Portland cement.

14. Epsom is the medicine for skin problems.

15. Calcium sulphate hemilydrate is called as Plaster of paris.

16. Phenol is used in mouthwash in low concentrations.

17. The adhesive used in puncture shop is Artificial adhesive.

3. True or False. If false, give the correct statement:

1. Concentrated phenol is used as a disinfectant.

Ans: False. Low concentrated phenol is used as a disinfectant.

2. Gypsum is largely used in medical industries.

Ans: False. Gypsum is largely used in cement preparation.

3. Plaster of Paris is obtained from heating gypsum.

Ans: True.

4. Adhesives are the substances used to separate the components.

Ans: False. Adhesives are the substances used to join the components.

5. NPK are the primary nutrients for plants.

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Ans: True.

6. Water boiling into water vapour is an example of chemical change.

Ans: False. Water boiling into water vapour is an example of physical change.

7. Chemist identifies gypsum as a natural indicator.

Ans: False. Chemist identifies turmeric power as a natural indicator.

8. The water we drink is the combination of hydrogen and oxygen,

Ans: True

9. When we soak onion in water, then the irritation is increased.

Ans: False. When we soak onion in water then the irritation is reduced.

10. Mortar is a paste of cement and sand mixed with water.

Ans: True

11. Fertilizers containing only plant or animal based materials or those synthesized by microorganisms are
called inorganic fertilizers.

Ans: False. Fertilizers containing only plant or animal based materials or those synthesized by
microorganisms are called organic fertilizers.

12. ‘Portland’ cement resembled the high-quality building stones found in Portland, England.

Ans: True.

13. Reinforced Cement concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and gravel.

Ans: False. Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and gravel.

14. Gypsum is used in the process of making cement.

Ans: True.

15. Gypsum is sued in improving plant growth in agriculture.

Ans: False. Epsom is used in improving plant growth in agriculture.

4. Match the following:

1. Soap - a) C6H5OH

2. Cement - b) CaSO4, 2H2O

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3. Fertilizers - c) NaOH

4. Gypsum - d) RCC

5. Phenol - e) NPK

Ans: 1- c; 2-d; 3-e; 4-b; 5-a

1. Sodium Chloride - a) CaSO4½ H2O

2. Calcium sulphate dihydrate - b) C2H5OH

3. Magnesium sulphate hydrate - c) CaSO42H2O

4. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate - d) NaCI

5. Phenol - e) MgSO4H2O

Ans: 1-d; 2-c; 3-e; 4-a; 5-b

5. Arrange the following statement sin correct sequence:

1. Pour that solution into an empty match box, soap can be obtained after drying.

2. Take necessary quantity of water in a jar.

3. Then add coconut oil drop by drop and stir it well.

4. Add concentrated sodium hydroxide in the jar and allow it to cool.

5. Try this soap to wash your hand kerchief.

6. Cover your work area with old hew paper

Ans:

1. Cover your work area with old newspaper.

2. Take necessary quantity of water in a jar.

3. Add concentrated sodium hydroxide in the jar and allow it to cool.

4. Then add coconut oil drop and stire it well.

5. Pour that solution into an empty match box, soap can be obtained after drying.

6. Try this soap to wash your hand kerchief.

6. Analogy

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1. Urea: Inorganic fertilizer :: Vermi Compost : Organic fertilizer.

2. Starch dissolved in water : Natural adhesives :: Cello tape : Artificial adhesive.

3. H2O : Water :: NaCI : Sodium Chloride.

4. Used to join components: Adhesives :: Clean the body: Soaps

5. Organic fertilizer : Compost :: Inorganic fertilizer : Super Phosphate.

6. Used as fertilizer: Gypsum :: Helps nerves function properly : Epsom

7. Making casts for statues : Plaster of paris :: Used as mouthwash : Phenol

7. Short Questions & answer:

1. What are the three main constituents of soap?

The three main constituents of soap are Lye (Sodium hydroxide), coconut oil and water

2. What are the two different types of molecules found in the soap?

The Two types of molecules found in the soap are i) water loving, ii) water hating.

3. Give an example for inorganic fertilizer.

The inorganic fertilizers are urea, Ammonium sulphate and Super phosphate.

4. Mention any three physical properties of phenol.

Phenol properties:

i) It is a weak acid.

ii) It is a volatile, white crystalline powder.

iii) It is a colourless solution, but changes into red in the presence of dust.

5. Explain the uses of plaster of Paris.

Uses of plaster of paris:

i) In making black board chalks.

ii) In surgery for setting fractured bones.

iii) For making casts for statures and toys etc.

iv) In construction industry.

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6. What are the ingredients of the cement?

The ingredients of the cement are lime, clay and gypsum.

7. Why gypsum is used in cement production?

Gypsum is added to control the setting of cement.

8. Why earthworm is called a farmers friend?

Earthworms take organic wastes as food and produce compact casings. So earthworms are known as
farmer’s friends because of the multitude of services they provide to improve soil health and
consequently plant health.

9. Explain the process of manufacturing cement.

The cement is manufacture by crushing of naturally occurring minerals such as lime, clay and gypsum
through milling process.

10. What are uses of Gypsum?

i) It is sued as fertilizers.

ii) It is used in the process of making cement.

iii) It is used in the process of making Plaster of Paris.

11. Ravi is a farmer; he rears many cattle in his farm. His field has many bio wastes. Advice Ravi
how to change this bio waster to compost by using vermin-composing techniques. Explain the
benefits of vermin castings.

i) A cement tub is to be constructed to a height of 2 1/2 feet and the breadh 3 feet.

ii) Put the Bio-wastes in the cement tub with 5 cm height.

iii) Add few earthworms with the Bio-waste.

iv) Then add saw dust, or coir waste and husk on the top of Bio-waste.

v) Then add sand to form a layer of 3cm.

vi) Then add garden waste on the layer of sand.

vii) Then spray with water.

viii) All layers must be moistened with water.

ix) After 10 to 15 days, we get vermin compost manure.

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Benefits:

i) It is rich in all essential nutrients.

ii) It improves soil structure, texture and prevent soil corrosion.

iii) It contains valuable hormones like auxons, gibberellins etc.

iv) It neutralizes the soil protection.

12. Define physical change.

In physical change only the shape, size (or) volume changes; the state of the matter may also change.

13. What is the use of indicator?

The use of indicator is to identify whether material is acid (or) base medium.

14. How to prepare soft idly?

We could prepare soft idly as a result of chemical change named fermentation that takes place in the
idly batter. During fermentation the idly batter undergoes a chemical change by bacteria.

15. Is we soak onion in water the irritation is reduced. Why?

It is due to the presence of a chemical, propanethial-s-oxide in inion. This is easily volatile. When we
cut onion, some of the cells are damaged and the chemical come out. It becomes vapour and reach
our eyes result in irritation and tears in easy. if we soak onion in water, the chemical is diluted and it
cannot reach our eyes. So the irritation is reduced.

16. Write some materials prepared by chemical changes.

Soaps, fertilizers, cement, gypsum, Epson, plaster of paris, phenol are the materials.

17. Define Principle nutrients.

Nitrogen (N). Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) are the three important nutrients among the various
nutrients needed for plant growth. These three are called as principle Nutrients.

18. Differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizer.

Sl.no Organic fertilizers Inorganic fertilizers

1 Plant (or) animal based materials Natural elements by making them

synthesized by micro organism. undergo chemical changes.

2 Prepared easily. Prepared complicated

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3 Economical Not economical

4 Example: Vermicompost, Example: Urea, super phosphate,

compost ammonium, phosphate.

19. Why the cement is called as Portland cement?

It was named Portland cement because it resembled the high quality building stones found in Portland,
England.

20. What are the uses of cement?

i) it is used to construct houses.

ii) It is used to construct dams, bridges.

21. What is the use of Epson salt?

i) In medical, it cases the stress and relaxes the body.

ii) In agriculture, it improves plant growth.

iii) I is used as medicine for skin problems.

iv) Helps muscles and nerves function properly.

22. Define Adhesive.

A paste like material which is used to join two components together is called adhesive.

4. Our Environment
1. Choose the correct answer:

1. Identify the fresh water ecosystem.

a) pond b) lake

c) river d) all of them

2. Producers are ___________

a) animals b) birds

c) plants d) snakes

3. It is a biodegradable waste.

a) plastic b) coconut shell

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c) glass d) aluminum

4. Is is an undesirable change that occurs in air and water.

a) recycling b) resuse

c) pollution d) reduce

5. Usage of chemical pesticides and fertilizers causes _______pollution.

a) Air pollution b) water pollution

c) noise pollution d) none of the above

6. These are abiotic factors

i) Sunlight ii) Bacteria iii) Air iv) Plants

a) I and ii b) i and iii

c) ii and iv d) iii and iv

7. An example for artificial aquatic ecosystem is __________

a) forest b) pond

c) garden d) aquarium

8. __________ are organisms that are able to produce their own Organic food.

a) producers b) consumers

c) decomposer d) omnivores

9. Plants are producers because they make their own food by _______

a) respiration b) consumer

c) photosynthesis d) decomposing

10. Natural agents like ______ are the decomposition factors breaking complex forms to simpler unit.

a) oxygen b) water

c) micro organisms d) all the above

11. The average person in India produces ______ kg of water every day.

a) 0.45 b) 0.50

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c) 0.40 d) 0.55

12. Most ______ pollution is caused by the burning these fossil fuels.

a) water b) land

c) air d) noise

13. Among the following which one is not polluted by noise pollution?

a) sounds of motor vehicles. b) music from radio

c) firing crackers d) loud music

14. _______ pollution has been directly linked to stress and health impacts such as high blood pressure
and hearing loss.

a) noise b) land

c) water d) air

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. Primary consumers that eat plants are called herbivores.

2. Temperature, light and win are physical factors.

3. Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials.

4. Water pollution can spread diseases and chemicals.

5. The 3R’s are Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

6. Plants are called as biotic factors.

7. Forest is the best example of natural terrestrial ecosystem.

8. Ecosystem originated without human intervention is called natural ecosystem.

9. The ecosystem in water is called Aquatic ecosystem.

10. Bacterium obtained energy from the chemical breakdown of dead organisms.

11. The sequence of who eats whom in an ecosystem is called as food chain.

12. The food chain begins with the energy given by the Sun.

13. Each level in the food chain is called a trophic level.

14. The burning of solid waste in incinerator is called incineration.

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15. Garbage burned inside landfills remain here for a long time as they decompose very slowly and
become manure.

16. Polluted air affects skin, eyes and respiratory system.

17. land (soil) pollution happens when toxic chemicals change the natural balance in soil.

3. Analog:

1. Biotic factor : Animals :: Abiotic factor: Air or water

2. Natural terrestrial ecosystem : Forest :: Artificial terrestrial ecosystem : Garden.

3. Primary consumer : Goat, Cow :: Secondary consumer : Frog, Owl

4. Biodegradable waste: Leaves, Garden wastes :: Non Biodegradable waste : Plastic cover, glass bottle.

5. Edaphic factor: water in soil :: Physical factor: Light

4. True or False. If false, give the correct statement.

1. The pacific ocean is an example of an aquatic ecosystem.

Ans:True

2. Bacteria and fungi are called decomposers.

Ans: True.

3. Human and animal wastes are examples of non-biodegradable waste.

Ans: False. Human and animal wastes are examples of biodegradable waste.

4. Excessive use of pesticides leads to air pollution.

Ans: False. Excessive use of pesticides leads to water pollution.

5. In schools, waste management rules say that we should separate waste in two categories.

Ans: True

6. Forest and Mountain regions are the best examples of artificial terrestrial ecosystem.

Ans: False. Forest and Mountain regions are the best examples of natural terrestrial ecosystem.

7. Fish and other water creatures and plants are maintained in terrarium.

Ans: False. Fish and other water creatures and plants are maintained in aquarium.

8. Animals that eat both plants and animals are called as Carnivores.
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Ans: False. Animals that eat both plants and animals are called as Omnivores.

9. In a good chain grasshopper gets energy by eating frog.

Ans. False. In a good chain frog gets energy by eating grasshopper.

10. If we protect the ecosystem, we can reduce the waste by using durable goods.

Ans: True

11. The term non-biodegradable is used for those things that can be easily decomposed.

Ans: False. The term non-biodegradable is used for those things that cannot be easily decomposed.

12. The process by which waste materials are used to make new products is called recycling.

Ans: True

13. Expired medicines, used batteries are domestic hazardous waste.

Ans: True

14. Loud noise or even loud music can damage our eyes.

Ans: False. Loud noise or even loud music can damage our ears.

5. Match the following:

1. Biotic factor - a) Terrestrial ecosystem

2. Sewage - b) Land pollution

3. Fertilizers - c) Air pollution

4. Desert - d) Water pollution

5. Smoke - e) Animals

Ans: 1-e; 2-d; 3-b; 4-a; 5-c

1. Abiotic factor - a) Deer

2. Decomposers - b) Owl

3. Herbivores - c) Heat

4. Carnivores - d) Human

5. Omnivores - e) Fungi

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Ans: 1-c; 2-e; 3-a; 4-b; 5-d

1. Avoid the usage - a) Recycle

2. Sharing newspapers - b) Incinerate

3. Using of fountain pens - c) Buying packaged food

4. Using old clothes to make paper - d) Reducing

5. Human anatomical waste - e) Reusing

Ans: 1-c; 2-d; 3-e; 4-a; 5-b

1. Burning coal - a) Land pollution

2. Throwing plastic - b) Noise pollution

3. Waste water from factories is

mixed with water - c) Air pollution

4. Louder horn of vehicles. - d) Water pollution

Ans: 1-c; 2-a; 3-d; 4-b

6. Arrange the following in a correct sequence and form a food chain.

1. Rabbit Carrot  Eagle  Snake

Ans: Carrot  Rabbit  Snake  Eagle

2. Human  Insect  Algae  Fish

Ans: Algae  Insect  Fish  Human

7. Short Questions & answer:

1. Define ecosystem.

Ecosystem is a community of living and non living things that work together.

2. What are the two types of ecosystems?

Types of ecosystem:

i) Natural ecosystem ii) Artificial ecosystem.

3. Write any two things that can be recycled.

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Recycling things:

i) Using old clothes to make paper.

ii) Melting some plastics to make floor mats, plastic boards and hose pipes.

4. What are the types of pollution:

There are four major kinds of pollution:

i) Air pollution ii) Water pollution

iii) Land (soil) pollution iv) Noise pollution

5. Give one example of a food chain in an aquatic ecosystem.

Food chain in aquatic ecosystem

Aquatic plant  Aquatic insect  Larva  Fish.

6. Name some pollutants.

Pollutants:

i) Burning fossil fuel (petrol, coat, oil etc)

ii) Toxic gases (Carbon monoxide)

iii) Dust particles (ash, soot)

7. What are the pollutions caused by the objects given below?

a) Loud speaker b) Plastic

a) Loud speaker - Noise pollution

b) Plastic – Land pollution.

8. What is biodegradable waste?

The term “Biodegradable” is used for those things that can be easily decomposed by natural agents like
water, oxygen, ultraviolet rays of sun and micro organisms etc.

9. How can we reduce water pollution?

i) Do not pour left-over oil, oil medicines or waste down the drain or into the toilet.

ii) Reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers to grow crops.

iii) Use waste water for garden in home.

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iv) Do not litter or dump waste – always use a waste bin.

10. Write the importance of the food chain.

Importance of food chain:

1) Learning food chain helps us to understand the feeding relationship and interaction between
organisms in any ecosystem.

2) Understanding the food chain also helps us to appreciate the energy flow and nutrient circulation in
an ecosystem.

3) This is important because pollution impacts the ecosystem. The food chain can be used to
understand the movement of toxic substances and their impacts.

11. What would happen if an organism is removed from the food chain?

If an organism is removed from the food chain

i) The food chain will fall apart.

ii) The ecosystem will become imbalance and collapse.

iii) For example consider a food chain : Plant  grasshoppers  frogs  snakes  hawks

If frogs were to die off in this chain (due to disease / pollutants) then, there will be an increase in the
number of grasshoppers. This will cause a major problem.

12. Explain the link between waste and dangerous diseases like dengue and malaria?

i) Dengue and malaria fever are caused by the bite of mosquitoes.

ii) Accumulation of waste and stagnant water or uncovered containers of stored drinking water are the
habitat for breeding mosquitoes.

iii) In order to control these infectious diseases, people should maintain clean environment, free from
mosquitoes.

13. List out the following by biotic and abiotic factors (Sun, plants, animals, air, soil, bacterial, heat,
minerals)

Abiotic factors Biotic factors

Sun, Air Plants

Water, Soil Animals

Heat, Minerals Bacteria

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14. Differentiate artificial ecosystem and natural ecosystem.

Sl.no Natural Ecosystem Artificial ecosystem

1 Ecosystem originated without Ecosystem originated by human.

human intervention.

2 Ex. Sea, river, lake, forest Ex. Paddy field, garden, aquarium.

15. Define – Aquarium.

Aquarium is a place in which fish and other water creatures and plants are maintained. Example: Fish
growing in homes with small tank.

16. What is Autotrophs?

Producers are organisms that are able to produce their own organic food. They do not need to eat other
organisms to do this. Produces are also called Autotrophs.

17. Define- Heterotrophs.

Organisms which cannot produce their own food, need to eat other organisms as food. These
organisms are also called consumers. All animals are consumers as they cannot produce their own
food. Consumers are also called heterotrophs.

18. Differentiate between herbivores and carnivores.

Sl.no Herbivores Carnivores

1 Animals which eat plants or Animals that eat other animals.

plant products.

2 Ex. Deer, Goat, Cattle and Rat. Ex. Lion, Tiger, Frog and Owl.

19. What are decomposers?

Micro-organisms (both plants and animals) that obtains energy from the chemical breakdown of dead
organisms. They break complex organic substances into simple organic substances that goes into the
soil and are used by plants. Example Bacterium, Fungi.

20. Define- Food Web.

i) IF we put all the food chains within an ecosystem together, then we end up with many
interconnected food chains. This is called as food web.

ii) A food we is very useful to show the many different feeding relationships between different species
within an ecosystem.

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21. What is reuse? Give examples.

Reusing means using a thing again and again, rather than using and throwing after a single use.
Example:

i) Instead of using plastic bags, use cloth bags.

ii) Rechargeable batteries and fountain pens.

22. What is Landfills?

Landfilling is a method in which wastes are dumped into naturally occurring (or) man-made pits and
covered with soil.

23. Give the Solid Waste Management (SWM) rules:

The Solid Management Rules (SWM) , 2016 say that

i) Every household should segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams
namely bio degradable, non bio-degradable and domestic hazardous waste in suitable bins and
handover the segregated wastes to authorized waste packers (or) waste collector as per directions or
notification by the local authorities from time to time.

ii) Nobody shall throw, burn or bury the solid waste on streets, open public spaces, outside his
premises or in the drain or water bodies.

24. List any four domestic hazardous waste.

i) Discarded paint drums ii) Pesticide cans iii) CFL bulbs, tube lights

iv) Used batteries, used needles and syringes.

25. How can we reduce land pollution?

i) First try to reduce waste, then recycle the rest.

ii) Always use a waste bin and never litter.

iii) Do not burn waste, the ash mixes easily with soil.

5. Plants in Daily Life

1. Choose the corect answer:

1. One of the following birds is an example of plant pollinator.

a) duck b) parrot

c) humming bird d) dove

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2. Natural mosquito repellant is

a) Nutmag b) bamboo

c) ginger d) neem

3. Which of the following is not a root?

a) potato b) carrot

c) radish d) turnip

4. Which of the following medicinal plants has anticancer properties?

a) Amla b) tulasi

c) turmeric d) aloe

5. Which is the national tree of India?

a) Neem tree b) Jack tree

c) Banyan tree d) Mango tree

6. From the earliest time ________have been the staple food of India.

i) Rice ii) Millet iii) Oats iv) Pulses

a) i and ii b) ii and iii

c) i and iv d) I and iii

7.Aloe __________ are used as Laxative.

a) roots b) steam

c) leaves d) all the above

8. For making rope, fibres are obtained from _______ tree.

a) neem b) mango

c) coconut d) jack fruit

9. We are planning shrubs such as _______ to decorate houses.

a) Mandarai b) Mullai

c) Hibiscus d) Allamanda

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10. ________ are the best for pollinations.

a) Housefly b) mosquito

c) birds d) honeybees

11. Bio fuels are less ________ in nature.

a) toxic b) economic

c) nutrients d) metals

12. We obtain ________ from plants for making tyre, seats etc.

a) plastic b) rubber

c) pencil d) wood

13. Neem coated area releases __________ gradually and helps the plants.

a) oxygen b) carbon

c) nitrogen d) sulphur

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. In every year October Sixteenth is celebrated as world food day.

2. Cotton is an example of textile fibre.

3. I am the state tree of Tamilnadu. Who am I Palm tree?

4. The juice of the leaves of tulasi plant relieves cough and bronchitis.

5. The edible seeds of leguminous plants are called pulses.

6. Plants, base on their economic values and uses, may be broadly classified into six categories.

7. The heartbeat of an Indian kitchen is spices.

8. We get food from roots is carrot.

9. Pulses are secured in pods.

10. India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables.

11. Some medicinal plants like fungi are sued to produce medicines.

12. For making mattresses silk cotton is used.

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13. West Bengal alone accounts for over 50% of raw jute production.

14. Hardwoods are Angiosperms the largest group of land plants.

15. To decorate houses we are planting climber plant like mullai.

16. Silkworms are economically useful for us in silk production.

17. Blue green algae are used to fix nitrogen in the soil for agriculture.

18. Indian scientists have made a Nano formulation from the Palak to cure osteoarthritis.

3. True or False. If False, give the correct answer:

1. Plants grown for decorative purposes are called as softwood.

Ans: False. Plants grown for decorative purposes are called as ornamental plants.

2. Silk worm eats mulberry leaves.

Ans: True

3. Cauliflower is used for ornamental purpose.

Ans: False. Jasmine is used for ornamental purpose.

4. Cotton cloth is not suitable for summer season.

Ans: False. Cotton cloth is suitable for summer season.

5. Sugarcane is used as bio fuel.

Ans: True

6. The useful hardwoods and softwoods are given by fibre plants.

Ans: False. The useful hardwoods and softwoods are given by timber plants.

7. In the cabbage the edible part is leaves.

Ans: True

8. Spices are aromatic parts of tropical plants traditionally used to flavor the food.

Ans: True

9. Cardamom and black pepper are pulses.

Ans: False. Cardamom and black pepper are spices.

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10. In turmeric, the Rhizome part is used to help body to fight foreign invaders.

Ans: True.

11. The process of making yarn from fibres is called yarn production.

Ans:False. The process of making yarn from fibres is called yarn spinning.

12. Hibiscus trees are used to decorate houses.

Ans: False. Hibiscus shrubs are used to decorate houses.

13. Plants and algae living in coral reefs are the food for variety of fishes.

Ans: True

4. Match the following:

1. Fibre yielding plants - a) Chloramine

2. Hardwood - b) Spice

3. Neem - c) Hemp

4. Clove - d) Cereals

5. Millet - e) Teakwood

Ans: 1-c; 2-e; 3-a; 4-b; 5-d

1. Plants as food - a) Curry leaves

2. Spice yielding plant - b) Phylanthus

3. Medicinal plant - c) Paddy

4. Fibre yielding plant - d) Carnation

5. Ornamental plant - e) Coconut

Ans: 1-c; 2-a; 3-b; 4-e; 5-d

1. Root as food - a) Yarn

2. Leaves as food - b) Banana flower

3. Stems as food - c) Apple

4. Flowers as food - d) Beetroot

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5. Fruits as food - e) Cabbage

Ans: 1-d; 2-e; 3-a; 4-b; 5-c

5. Analogy:

1. Mango : Fruit :: Maize : Cereals

2. Coconut : Fibre :: Rose : Ornamental

3. Bees : Pollinate insect :: Earthworms : natural manure

4. Tomato: Vegetable :: Wheat : Pulses

5. Roots as food : beetroot :: Stem as food: Potato

6. Spices : Cardamom :: medicinal plant : Amla

7. Protect from scurvy: Amla :: Bronchitis, expectorant : Tulsi

8. Leaf fibres : Agave :: Husk fibres : Coconut

9. Hardwoods: Angiosperm :: Softwoods : Gymnosperm

10. Shrubs: Crape jasmine :: Climbers: Allamanda

11. Fix nitrogen in the soil : Pseudomonas :: Produce bio-fuel : Jatropha

6. Short Questions & answer:

1. What is food?

Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or those plants absorb in order to maintain
life and growth is called food.

2.What are medicinal plants?

Some of the plants around us are good in healing our diseases. We call these plants as medicinal
plants.

3. How hardwoods differ from softwoods.

Sl.no Hardwoods Softwoods

1 Present in angiosperms Present in gymnosperm (non-

(flowering plans) flowering plants)

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2 It is used to prepare furniture, It is used to produce plywood, wooden

decks, flooring and wooden boxes, medium density fibre board
construction. (MDF) and paper making.

3 Examples: Teak, Jackfruit Example: Katampu, Pine

4. What is a Spice?

Spices are aromatic parts of tropical plants traditionally used to flavor the food.

5. Name any three medicinal plants, which are available in your area?

Neem tree, Tulsi tree, Amla tree are the medicinal plants.

6. What are the uses of timber?

i) Timber is used in the contraction of buildings, making of furniture.

ii) It is used in making fibre board, paper making.

7. What is a symbiotic relationship?

A close relationship between two different species that benefits at least one of the species or both. This
relationship is known as “Symbiotic relationship”.

8. Write the uses of neem?

i) Neem leaf is used for leprosy, eye disorders, intestinal worms, stomach upset, skin ulcer, diseases of
heart and blood vessels, fever, diabetics and liver problem.

ii) Neem flowers can be used to treat intestinal worm.

iii) Neem oil is rich in vitamin E and fatty acid. It helps to improve skin elasticity.

9. Name any five plants and their parts that we eat.

Plant Plant part we eat

1. Sweet potato Root

2. Onion ginger Stem
3. Spinach, Coriander Leaves
4. Flower of banana Flower
5. Wheat, beans Seed
6. Coconut, Mango Fruit
10. Desert does not have water. Why? Give the reason.

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A desert is a region of land that is very dry because it receives low amounts of precipitation (usually
in the form of rain but it may be snow, mist or fog), often has little coverage by plants, and in which
streams dry up unless they are supplied by water from outside the area.

11. Kavitha said “Palm tree is a tall tree, so it gives hard wood”! Do you agree with her statement
(or) not? Explain why?

No, I don’t agree with hers statement.

i) Palm tree is technically neither hardwood nor softwood.

ii) It comes from a separate family known as Arecaceae.

iii) It has significantly different cellular structure from either soft or hardwoods.

12. Define – Economic botany.

Economic botany is the study of relationship between people and plants and the uses of plants in
economy.

13. Classify plants on the basis of economic values and uses.

They are classified into six varieties. They are:

i) Plants as food ii) Spice yielding plants iii) Medicinal plants

iv) Fibre yielding plants v) Timber yielding plants vi) Ornamental plants.

14. Define – Cereals.

Cereals are edible components of grain of cultivated grass. Example: Rice, Wheat, Bajra, Millet.

15. Name some of the Indian spices.

Cardamom, black pepper, curry leaves, fenugreek, fennel, ajwain, bay leaves, cumin, coriander seeds,
turmeric, cloves, ginger, nutmeg and cinnamon.

16. Name some medicinal plants.

The medicinal plants are Phylanthus, Vallarai, Black nightshade, Tippili, Vettiver, Thuthuvalai, Neem
and Tulsi.

17. Classify the fibre yielding plants based on use.

i) Textile fibres - Cotton

ii) Cordage fibres - Coconut fibre

iii) Filling fibres - Silk cotton

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18. Classify the fibre yielding parts based on the plant parts.

i) Plant fibres include seed hairs - Cotton

ii) Stem fibres - Flax, jute

iii) Leaf fibres - Agave

iv) Husk fibre - Coconut

19. Name some states in which jute crop is grown.

Jute crop is grown in seven states – West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Bihar, Uttarpradesh, Tripura and
Meghalaya.

20. Classify the Ornamental plants.

i) Shrubs - Hibiscus, Crape Jasmine and Crotons.

ii) Climbers - Mullai, Allamanda and Bougainvilleam.

iii) Trees - Golden shower tree, Mandarai, Delonix tree.

21.How pollination takes place by insects?

Bright colored flowers, smell and hone attract insects. As the insects go from one flower to another
they leave the pollen grains from their body. This results in cross pollution.

22. Define – Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease affecting joints and knee in old age and any age people. Pala spinach
is used to cure the disease.

6. Hardware and Software

1. Choose the appropriate answer:

1. Find out the part that is not found in CPU?.

a) Mother Board b) SMPS

c) RAM d) Mouse

2. Which of the following is correct?

a) Free and open source b) Free and traditional software

c) Passive and Open source d) Passive and Traditional source

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3. LINUX is a

a) Paid software b) Licensed software

c) Free and proprietary software d) Free and open source software

4. Find out Paid and proprietary software from the given list

a) Windows b) MAC OS

c) Adobe Photoshop d) All the above

5. _________ is a operating system.

a) Android b) Chrome

c) Internet d) Pen drive

6. ________ is a device comprising both hardware and software.

a) Microwave oven b) Car

c) Bike d) Computer

7. A ________ device helps to enter input information.

a) Hardware b) Software

c) Monitor d) Modem

8. _________ existed before the World Wide Web.

a) whatsapp b) Email

c) face book d) Google

9. The _____ can be installed in the hard disk for the usage on a particular computer.

a) Operating system b) Translator

c) Application program d) Image editor

10. _______ is one fo the example of application program.

a) Drawing tools b) Language

c) Linker d) Device drive

11. The license of the software would not be provided unless it is __________

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a) collected b) purchased

c) dismantled d) sold

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. Hardware is lifeless without software in a computer,

2. Software are programmed and coded applications to process the input information.

3. Software is divided into two types based on the process.

4. Linker is developing software to control the internal computer operation.

5. Free and Open software is available at free of cost and can be shared to many end users.

6. Adobe Photoshop is a paid and proprietary software.

3. Match the following:

1. MAC OS - a) Free and open source software

2. Software - b) Paid and proprietary software

3. Hardware - c) Input device

4. Keyboard - d) RAM

5. LINUX - e) Geogebra

Ans: 1-b; 2-e; 3-d; 4-c;5-a

4. Short Questions & answer:

1. What is Hardware and Software?

Hardware: Hardware is the parts of the computer which we can touch and feel. Hardware includes
Input an Output devices. Cabinet, Hard Disk, Mother Board, SMPS, CPU. RAM, CD Drive and
Graphics Card.

Software: Software are programmed and coded applications to process the input information.

2. What do you mean by Operating System? How it works?

i) System Software (Operating system) is software that makes the hardware devices process the data
inputted by the user and to display the result on the output devices like Monitor.

ii) Without the operating system, computer cannot function on its own.

iii) Some of the popular operating system are Linux, Windows, Mac, Android ete.
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3. What is Free and Open Source Software? Give any two examples?

Free and open software is available at free of cost and can be shared to many end users. Free software
is editable and customizable by the user and this leads to development (or) updation of new software.

Examples of Free and Open Source Software: Linux, Open Office, Operating System, Geogebra etc.

4. What are the types of software?

The software is divided into two types based on the process. They are

i) System Software (Operating System)

ii) Application software

5. Give some examples of System Software.

Some of the popular Operating system are LINUX, Windows, MAC, Android etc.

6. Give some examples of Application Software.

The following are the examples of application program. Video player, Audio player, Word processing
software, Drawing tools, Editing software etc.

7. Define – Application Software.

i) Application software is a program (or) group of programs designed for the benefit of end user to work
on computer.

ii) The application program can be installed in the hard disk for the usage on a particular computer.

8. What is the classification of System Software?

System software is divided into two types.

i) System Management Program.

ii) Developing Software

9. Give the classification of Application Software?

i) General Purpose Software.

ii) Specific Purpose Software.

10. Give some examples of Specific Purpose Software?

i) Reservation System

ii) Attendance system

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iii) Billing System

iv) Report and Generator

11. What are the two forms of System and Application Software?

The Operating System and Application Software are available in two forms. They are

i) Free and Open Source

ii) Paid and Proprietary Software.

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