At a Glance

Part I. Cooperative Learning Theory and Research

Chapter 1 Frequent Questions
Chapter 2 Why Do We Need Cooperative Learning?
Chapter 3 What Does the Research Say?
Chapter 4 Why Does Cooperative Learning Work?

Part II. Seven Keys for Success

Chapter 5 Seven Keys for Success
Chapter 6 Key 1. Structures
Chapter 7 Key 2. Teams
Chapter 8 Key 3. Management
Chapter 9 Key 4. Classbuilding
Chapter 10 Key 5. Teambuilding
Chapter 11 Key 6. Social Skills
Chapter 12 Key 7. Basic Principles (PIES)

Part III. Cooperative Projects, Lessons, and Assessment

Chapter 13 Cooperative Projects & Presentations
Chapter 14 Planning Cooperative Lessons
Chapter 15 Assessment & Grading
Chapter 16 Motivation Without Rewards & Competition

Part IV. Alternative Approaches

Chapter 17 Classic Cooperative Learning

Kagan Cooperative Learning • Dr. Spencer Kagan & Miguel Kagan

Kagan Publishing • 1 (800) 933-2667 • www.KaganOnline.com
iii
 • Table of Contents At a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
• Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv­
• Table of Blacklines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
• Table of Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
• Structure Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
• Table of Cooperative Learning Classic Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii ­
• Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Chapter 1
Frequent Questions
• Boosting Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4
• Lesson Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5
• Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7
• Grading, Rewards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9
• Difficult Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10
• Different Learners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11
• Multiple Intelligences, Differentiated Instruction . . . . . 1.12
• Possible Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14
• Why Cooperative Learning? Why Kagan? . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19
• How Do I Get Started, Convince Others? . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20

Chapter 2
Why Do We Need Cooperative Learning?
• The Four Crises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
• 1: Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
• 2: Achievement Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
• 3: Race Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
• 4: Social Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6

Chapter 3
What Does the Research Say?
• Experimental Research on Cooperative Learning . . . . . 3.2
• Research on Kagan Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8
• Case Study 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8
• Case Study 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10
• Case Study 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11
• Case Study 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13
• Case Study 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14
• Positive Outcomes of Kagan Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15

Kagan Cooperative Learning • Dr. Spencer Kagan & Miguel Kagan

iv Kagan Publishing • 1 (800) 933-2667 • www.KaganOnline.com
 Table of Contents
Chapter 4
Why Does Cooperative Learning Work?
• 1. Cooperative Learning Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
• 2. Classic Learning Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
• 3. Social Learning Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6
• 4. Brain-Based Learning Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9
• 5. Motivation Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13
• 6. Individual Differences Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16
• 7. Expectation Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.20
• 8. The Power of the Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21
• Why Does Cooperative Learning Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24

Chapter 5
Seven Keys for Success
• The Seven Keys Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
• Key 1. Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
• Key 2. Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4
• Key 3. Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6
• Key 4. Classbuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6
• Key 5. Teambuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7
• Key 6. Social Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
• Key 7. Basic Principles (PIES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9

Chapter 6
Key 1. Structures
• What Is a Structure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2
• A New, Better Way to Teach and Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2
• A Rich, Embedded Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9
• Selecting Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
• Structure Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.11
• The History and Future of Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.19
• Structures Step-by-Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.23
• Structures Functions Dot Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.24

Chapter 7
Key 2. Teams
• The Basic Cooperative Learning Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1
• Heterogeneous Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4
• Heterogeneous Teamformation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5
• Random Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11
• Random Teamformation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.12
• Student-Selected Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.17
• Student-Selected Teamformation Methods . . . . . . . . . . 7.17
• Homogeneous Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.19
• The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Teams . . . . . . 7.22
• Parting Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.22
• Team Reunions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.23

Kagan Cooperative Learning • Dr. Spencer Kagan & Miguel Kagan

Kagan Publishing • 1 (800) 933-2667 • www.KaganOnline.com

Table of Contents

Chapter 8
Key 3. Management
• The Cooperative Management Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2
• Creating the Context for Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9
• Managing Attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.14
• Managing Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.16
• Managing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.18
• Managing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.20
• Managing Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.20
• Student & Team Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.21

Chapter 9
Key 4. Classbuilding
• Classbuilding Structures and Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
• Getting Acquainted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3
• Class Identity Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
• Mutual Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.13
• Valuing Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.14
• Developing Synergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.16
• Class Restructuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.17

Chapter 10
Key 5. Teambuilding
• The Five Aims of Teambuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1
• Teambuilding Structures and Activites . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3
• When Teambuilding Is Essential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3
• Getting Acquainted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4
• Team Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.13
• Team Puzzles and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14
• Mutual Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.23
• Valuing Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.26
• Developing Synergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.31

Chapter 11
Key 6. Social Skills
• Social Skills and the Embedded Curriculum . . . . . . . . 11.3
• 5 Strategies for Fostering Social Skills Development . . 11.3
• Strategy 1: Structures & Structuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3
• Strategy 2: Roles & Gambits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9
• Strategy 3: Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.17
• Strategy 4: Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18
• Strategy 5: Reflection & Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.20
• Troubleshooting in the Cooperative Classroom . . . . . 11.27

Kagan Cooperative Learning • Dr. Spencer Kagan & Miguel Kagan

vi Kagan Publishing • 1 (800) 933-2667 • www.KaganOnline.com
 Table of Contents
Chapter 12
Key 7. Basic Principles (PIES)
• The PIES Critical Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
• A PIES Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.24

Chapter 13
Cooperative Projects and Presentations
• Project Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2
• Project Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5
• Project and Presentation Feedback & Processing . . . . 13.15
• Project Ideas and Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.15

Chapter 14
Planning Cooperative Lessons
• Early Implementation Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1
• Transforming Lessons into Cooperative Lessons . . . . . 14.4
• Structure Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7
• Multi-Structural Lessons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8

Chapter 15
Assessment & Grading
• Cooperative Learning and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2
• Cooperative Learning and Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8

Chapter 16
Motivation Without Rewards & Competition
• Motivational Pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2
• Motivational Strategies that Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6

Chapter 17
Classic Cooperative Learning
• Jigsaw Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2
• Cooperative Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7
• Mastery Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.17

• Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.1

• Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.8

Kagan Cooperative Learning • Dr. Spencer Kagan & Miguel Kagan

Kagan Publishing • 1 (800) 933-2667 • www.KaganOnline.com
vii