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Diphtheria, Enterobiasis, Filariasis

Diphtheria is an acute contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that produces a toxin. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets and has an incubation period of 2-5 days. Clinical manifestations include a grayish pseudomembrane in the throat or nose and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis involves throat swabs and antitoxin tests. Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics like penicillin or erythromycin. Nursing care focuses on airway maintenance, isolation, nutrition, and preventing complications like myocarditis or neuritis from toxin absorption.

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Angel Joy Catalan
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51 views2 pages

Diphtheria, Enterobiasis, Filariasis

Diphtheria is an acute contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that produces a toxin. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets and has an incubation period of 2-5 days. Clinical manifestations include a grayish pseudomembrane in the throat or nose and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis involves throat swabs and antitoxin tests. Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics like penicillin or erythromycin. Nursing care focuses on airway maintenance, isolation, nutrition, and preventing complications like myocarditis or neuritis from toxin absorption.

Uploaded by

Angel Joy Catalan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIPHTHERIA

Main Problem: it is an acute contagious disease characterized by generalized toxemia


coming from a localized inflammatory process known as pseudomembrane caused by
KLEBS LOEFFLER
Mode of transmission:droplet
Incubation Period: 2-5 days, period of communicability variable; usually 2-4 weeks
Clinical Manifestation:
Pseudomembrane
⮚ Grayish white, leathery consistency
Types of respiratory Diphtheria:
⮚ Nasal diphtheria
Serous-sanguinous foul musty odor secretion
Dryness/excoriation on the upper lip and nares
⮚ Pharyngeal/Faucal
Difficulty of swallowing
Bullneck appearance
⮚ Laryngeal
Barking dry metallic cough
Sore throat
Diagnostic test:
⮚ Nose and throat swab
⮚ Virulence test
⮚ Shick’s test: test for the susceptibility to diphtheria
⮚ Moloney’s test: test for the hypersensitivity to diphtheria
Nursing diagnosis: Risk for airway obstruction
Intervention:
⮚ Diphtheria antitoxin: skin testing required
Penicillin G Potassium
Erythromycin
⮚ Nursing considerations:
Tracheostomy (laryngeal obstruction)
Isolation: until 2-3 (-) cultures
Bed rest (CBR) 2 weeks
Adequate nutrition (soft diet if with sore throat)
Maintenance of fluid & electrolyte balance
Ice collar
Complications
1. Due to toxemia
Toxic myocarditis
Neuritis: absorption of toxin in the nerve
Toxic nephritis
2. Due to intercurrent infection
Bronchopneumonia
Respiratory failure

ENTEROBIASIS
Main Problem: also called pinworm, seatworm or threadworm infection caused by the
nematode enterobius vermicularis
Mode of transmission: fecal-oral
Clinical Manifestation: intense perianal pruritus especially at night, when the female
worm leaves the anus to deposit ova
Diagnostic test: Cellopane Tape Swab to recover eggs from the perianal area
Nursing diagnosis: Sleep pattern disturbances
Intervention:
⮚ Pyrantel pamoate, Piperazine, Mebendazole
⮚ Tell parents to bathe children daily, change underwears and linen daily, educate
the importance of handwashing

FILARIASIS
Main Problem: helminthic infestation caused by Wuchereria bancrofti; Brugia Malayi
Vector: Aedes albopictus; culex fatigans, anopheles
Clinical Manifestation:
Acute: fever, malaise, chills
Chronic: lymphadenitis, swelling of scrotum; elephantiasis lymphatic channel
affected
Diagnostic test: identification of microfilariae in a blood smear by microscopic
examination.
Nursing diagnosis: Body image disturbance
Intervention: Diethylcarbanazeoine citrate (Beltrazan)

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