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Electrostatics PDF

Static electricity builds up through the imbalance and transfer of electrons between objects, causing attractions and repulsions that can be described by Coulomb's Law. Lightning occurs on a massive scale when static buildup in clouds becomes great enough for a discharge of electricity along an conducting pathway such as air. Smaller static discharges like from sliding in a car or taking off a sweater are examples of the same phenomenon operating on a smaller scale.

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B VIDATTE VILLANIEVA
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269 views14 pages

Electrostatics PDF

Static electricity builds up through the imbalance and transfer of electrons between objects, causing attractions and repulsions that can be described by Coulomb's Law. Lightning occurs on a massive scale when static buildup in clouds becomes great enough for a discharge of electricity along an conducting pathway such as air. Smaller static discharges like from sliding in a car or taking off a sweater are examples of the same phenomenon operating on a smaller scale.

Uploaded by

B VIDATTE VILLANIEVA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEM 8

General Physics 2
STEM 8
General Physics 2

Think About This

How does lightning form from build up of


Static Electricity?

How is a shock you receive from


a door handle similar to a bolt
of lightning?
STEM 8
General Physics 1

Static Electricity is one familiar


phenomenon.
It can cause problems. When
the sky goes black, and lightning
flashes and cracks above our heads,
we feel the effects of static
electricity on great frightening scale.
It also causes a shock when we
slide across a car seat and touch the
door handle, and makes a sweater
cling when we take it off.
STEM 8
General Physics 2

1. Electric Charge
Everything is made of tiny particle
called Atoms.
Its central part is the nucleus made
up of protons and neutrons. Orbiting the
nucleus are much lighter particles known
as electrons.
Normally, atoms have equal numbers
of protons and electrons, so the net
charge on a material is zero.
STEM 8
General Physics 2

2. Forces Between Charges


Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
named the two kinds of charge positive
and negative. When you rub balloon
across your hair, the charge on your hair
is positive, and that of the balloon is
negative.
A charged object exerts a force –
a push or a pull – on other charged
object. The force between two object
may be of the same charge or opposite
charges. Thus the Law of Electric
Charges states that „‟Like charges repel
and opposite charges attract.
STEM 8
General Physics 2

3. Conductors and Insulators


Materials that allow electrons to
pass through them are called Conductors.
Some of their electrons are so loosely
held to their atoms that they can pass
freely between them.
Materials that hardly conduct
electrons are Insulators. Their electrons
are tightly held to atoms and are not
free to move.
STEM 8
General Physics 2

The table below shows examples of


conductors and insulators.

Conductors Insulators
Good Poor Plastic
Metals like: water -PVC
silver human body - polythene
copper earth - perspex
aluminum glass
carbon rubber
dry air
STEM 8
General Physics 2
4. Methods of Charging
Charging by Friction is a process
that results in a transfer of electrons
between the two objects that are rubbed
together.
Charging by Conduction is a
process of charging wherein electrons
are transferred from one object to
another by direct contact.
Charging by Induction is a process
that takes place when charges in an
uncharged object are rearranged without
direct contact with a charged object.
Grounding or the removal of charge
is a process of uncharging.
STEM 8
General Physics 2

5. Coulomb‟s Law
In the 1780‟s Charles Coulomb
conducted variety of experiments in an
attempt to determine the magnitude of
electric force between two charged
objects.
The strength of attraction or
repulsion force is determined by
Coulombs Law which states that:
“The electric force between two charges
is proportional to the product of the two
charges and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between the
charges.”
STEM 8
General Physics 2

In equation form,

Forceelectric = k q1q2
r2

where: k is the Coulomb constant


k = 9 x 109 N.m2/c2
q1 & q2 are the charges
r is the distance

note that:
1 microcoulomb = 1 x 10-6C
STEM 8
General Physics 2

Sample Problem:
The electron and proton of a
hydrogen atom are separated, on average,
by a distance of about 5.3 x 10-11m. Find
the magnitude of the electric force each
particle exerts on the other.

Given: qp = + 1.6 x 10-19 C


qe = - 1.6 x 10-19 C
d=5.3 x 10-11m
k = 9 x 109 N.m2/C2

Find: Forceelectric = k q1q2


r2
STEM 8
General Physics 2

Solution:

Felec = (9x109N.m2/c2)(1.6x10-19C)(1.6x10-19C)
(5.3 x 10-11m)2

Felec= 8.2 x 10-8 N


STEM 8
General Physics 2

Solve:

1. A positive charge of 3.6 x 10-5 C and


a negative charge of 2.4 x 10-5 C are
0.034 m apart. What is the force
between the two particles?

2. Two objects exert force of 3.7 N on


each other. The distance between the
objects is 0.32 m. The charge on one
object is 2.5 x 10-9 C. What is the
charge on the second object?
STEM 8
General Physics 2

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