ULTRASONIC TESTING

UT Q BANK A-8

Note: Using Figure 4, answer Questions 1 through 3.

Figure 4

1. In Figure 4 angle 1 (1) is called the:

a. angle of incidence
b. angle of reflection
c. angle of refraction
d. none of the above

2. In Figure 4, angle 2 (2) is called the:

a. angle of incidence
b. angle of reflection
c. angle of refraction
d. none of the above

3. In Figure 4, angle 3 (3) is called the:

a. angle of incidence
b. angle of reflection
c. angle of refraction
d. none of the above

4. Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies

between:
a. 1 and 25 kilohertz
b. 0.2 and 25 megahertz
c. 1 and 1,000 kilohertz
d. 15 and 100 megahertz

5. In an A –scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents the:

a. amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy
b. distance traveled by the search unit
c. elapsed time or distance
 d. none of the above

6. In an A –scan presentation, the amplitude of vertical indications on the

screen represents the:
a. amount of ultrasonic sound energy returning to the search unit:
b. distance traveled by the search unit.
c. thickness of material being tested
d. elapsed time since the ultrasonic pulse was generated

7. Which of the following test frequencies would generally provide the best
penetration in a 12-inch thick specimen of coarse-grained steel?
a. 1.0 Mhz
b. 2.25 Mhz
c. 5.0 Mhz
d. 10 Mhz

8. In a basic ultrasonic test pattern (A-scan) for contact testing, the initial
pulse( assume no sweep delay is used);
a. is the high indication on the extreme left side of the screen that
represents the entry surface of the inspected part.
b. is the first pulse that occurs near the right side of the screen and
represents the opposite boundary of the inspected part.
c. is an indication that appears and disappears during screening.
d. is always the second pulse from the left on the viewing screen

9. An ultrasonic test using a straight beam contact search unit is being

conducted through the thickness of a flat part such as a plate. This test
should detect:
a. laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled
surfaces
b. transverse-type flaws with major dimensions at right angles to the
rolled surface.
c. radial flaws with major dimensions along length but radially oriented
to the rolled surfaces
d. none of the above

10. In ultrasonic testing, a liquid coupling medium between the crystal

surface and the part surface is necessary because:
a. lubricant is required to minimize wear on the crystal surface.
b. an air interface between the crystal surface and the part surface
would almost completely reflect the ultrasonic vibrations.
c. the crystal will not vibrate if placed directly in contact with the
surface of the part being inspected.
d. the liquid is necessary to complete the electrical circuit in the
search unit.
11. Entry surface resolution is a characteristic of an ultrasonic testing
system which defines its ability to:
a. detect discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to the ultrasonic
beam
b. detect discontinuities located in the center of a forging containing a
fine metallurgic structure.
c. detect minute surface scratches
d. detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the
part being tested.

12. During ultrasonic testing by the immersion method, it is frequently

necessary to angulate the search unit when a discontinuity is located in
order to:
a. avoid a large number of black reflections that could interferee with a
normal test pattern.
b. obtain a maximum response if the discontinuity is not originally
oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam.
c. obtain the maximum number of entry surface reflections
d. obtain a discontinuity indication of the same height as the indication
from the flat-bottomed hole in a reference block.

13. All other factors being equal, which of the following modes of vibration
has the greatest velocity?
a. shear wave
b. Transverse wave
c. Surface wave
d. Longitudinal wave

14. On the area-amplitude ultrasonic standard test blocks, the flat-bottomed

holes in the blocks are:
a. all of the same diameter
b. different in diameter, increasing by 1/64 inch increments from the
No. “1” block to the No. “8” block.
c. largest in the No. “1” block and smallest in the No. “8” block.
d. drilled to different depths from the front surface of the test block.

15. In immersion testing, verification that the search unit is normal to a flat
entry surface is indicated by:
a. maximum reflection from the entry surface.
b. elimination of water multiples
c. proper wavelength
d. maximum amplitude of the initial pulse
16. Sound waves a frequency beyond the hearing range of the human ear
are referred to as ultrasonic waves or vibrations, and the term embraces
all vibrational waves of frequency greater than approximately:
a. the pulse length
b. the frequency
c. the material in which the sound is being transmitted and the mode
of vibration
d. none of the above

17. The velocity of sound waves is primarily dependent on:

a. the pulse length
b. the frequency
c. the material in which the sound is being transmitted and the mode
of vibration
d. none of the above

18. A disadvantage of using natural quartz crystals in a search unit is that:

a. it will dissolve in water
b. it is the least effective generator of ultrasonic energy of all
commonly used materials.
c. it is mechanically and electrically unstable
d. it easily loses it operating characteristics as it ages.

19. An advantage of using a ceramic transudcer in search units is that:

a. it is one of the most efficient generators of ultrasonic energy
b. it is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy
c. it has a very low mechanical impedance
d. it can with stand temperatures as high as 700°C.

20. The primary purpose of reference block is to:

a. aid the operator in obtaining maximum back reflections
b. obtain the greatest sensitivity possible from an instrument
c. obtain a common reproducible signal
d. none of the above

21. When testing by the surface wave method, patches of oil or dirt on the
surface may:
a. block the progress of all sound
b. attenuate the sound
c. have no effect on the test
d. cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen
22. In immersion testing, the most commonly used complant is:
a. water
b. oil
c. glycerine
d. alcohol
23. The piezoelectric material in the search unit:
a. converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
b. converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
c. both A and B
d. neither A nor B

24. Which of the following frequencies will produce the shortest wavelength
pulse?
a. 1.0 megahertz
b. 25 megahertz
c. 10 megahertz
d. 5 megahertz

25. The angle of incidence is:

a. greater than the angle of reflection
b. less than the angle of reflection
c. equal to the angle of reflection
d. not released to the angle of reflection

26. On many ultrasonic testing instruments, an operator conducting an

immersion test can remove that portion of the screen presentation that
represents water distance by adjusting a:
a. pulse length control
b. reject control
c. sweep delay control
d. sweep length control

27. “100,000 cycles per second” can be written

a. 10 kilohertz
b. 100 kHz.
c. 100 MHz
d. 0.1 kilohertz
Note: Using Figure 5, 6 and 7 answer Questions 28 through 30.

Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

28. Figure 5 is an illustration of a typical
a. A –scan presentation
b. B – scan presentation
c. C-scan presentation
d. D-scan presentation

29. Figure 6 is an illustration of a typical:

a. A – scan presentation
b. B – scan presentation
c. C – scan presentation
d. D – scan presentation

30. Figure 7 is an illustration of a typical

a. A – scan presentation
b. B – scan presentation
c. C – scan presentation
d. D – scan presentation
31. A search unit with a frequency greater than 10 MHz will most likely be
used during:
a. a straight beam contact test of aluminum ingot
b. an angle bean contact test of steel pipe
c. a surface wave contact test of metallic plate
d. an immersion test

32. The reference holes in standard aluminum area-amplitude ultrasonic

test blocks contain:
a. flat-bottomed holes
b. concave-surface holes.
c. convex-surfaces holes.
d. conical-shaped holes.
33. The gradual loss of sonic energy as the ultrasonic vibrations travel
through the material is referred to as:
a. reflection
b. refraction
c. reproducibility
d. attenuation

34. A term used to describe numerous small indications on the cathode ray
tube screen resulting from test part structure numerous small
discontinuities, or both is often referred to as:
a. multiple back reflections
b. multiple front reflections
c. hash
d. resonance.

35. when testing a plate, increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic

longitudinal wave will result in:
a. an increase in its velocity.
b. a decrease in its velocity
c. no change in its velocity
d. a reversal in its velocity

36. Ultrasonic waves transmitted into and received from the test material in
the form of repetitive bursts of acoustic energy is called:
a. pulse-echo testing
b. continuous wave testing
c. resonance testing
d. none of the above

37. Metal blocks which contain one or more drilled holes to simulate
discontinuities are called:
a. scrubbers
b. crystal collimators
c. single plane angulators
d. reference blocks.

38. If the major dimensions of a discontinuity in a 6 inch thick aluminum

plate lie parallel to the entry surface at a depth of 3 inches, it will be best
detected by:
a. a straight beam test
b. an angle beam test
c. a surface wave test
d. a lamb wave test
39. The presence of a discontinuity will not produce a specific discontinuity
indication on the CRT screen when using the:
a. straight beam testing method
b. surface wave testing method
c. angle beam testing method
d. through-transmission testing method
 ULTRASONIC TESTING
UT Q BANK A-7
ANSWERS

QUESTIONS ANSWERS QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1 A 21 C
2 B 22 D
3 C 23 A
4 B 24 C
5 C 25 B
6 A 26 C
7 A 27 C
8 A 28 B
9 A 29 A
10 B 30 C
11 D 31 B
12 B 32 D
13 D 33 A
14 B 34 D
15 C 35 C
16 A 36 C
17 A 37 A
18 C 38 D
19 B 39 A
20 A 40 D