Simple Present Present Progressive

infinitive form of 'be' and verb + ing

(3rd person singular: infinitive + 's')  

I speak I am speaking
you speak you are speaking
he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking
we speak we are speaking
they speak they are speaking

Exceptions

Exceptions when adding 's' : Exceptions when adding 'ing' :

 For can, may, might, must, do not add s.  Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee)
Example: he can, she may, it must Example: come - coming
but: agree - agreeing
 After o, ch, sh or s, add es.
Example: do - he does, wash - she washes  After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant
is doubled.
 After a consonant, the final
Example: sit - sitting
consonant y becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel)
Example: worry - he worries  After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in
but: play - he plays British English (but not in American English).
Example: travel - travelling (British English)
but: traveling (American English)

 Final ie becomes y.
Example: lie - lying

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE

 Simple Present Present Progressive

in general (regularly, often, never) right now

Colin plays football every Tuesday. Look! Colin is playing football now.

present actions happening one after another also for several actions happening at the same time

First Colin plays football, then he watches TV. Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.

Signal words

 always at the moment

 every ... at this moment
 often today
 normally now
 usually right now
 sometimes Listen!
 seldom Look!
 never
 first
 then

Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:

be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want

Simple Present Present Progressive

arrangement for the near future

action set by a timetable or schedule
I am going to the cinema tonight.
The film starts at 8 pm.

Simple Present Present Progressive

only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly
daily routine at the moment of speaking)

Bob works in a restaurant. Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.

Frequency Adverbs

We use frequency adverbs to describe how often something happens. We use them with the Present
Simple tense

• We place the frequency adverbs BEFORE the main verb (in Present Simple). I always walk to work.

He doesn’t usually wear jeans. Do you often write letters?

• BUT, we put them AFTER the verb TO BE. He is never late. The children aren’t usually tired after
school. Are you often sad?

How often…? To ask about the frequency of an action. We place it at the beginning of the question

How often do does I

Y ou verb

he / she / it we they

How often do you go to the cinema?

How often does Mary cook?

once twice

three time a day, week, month,year use once/twice , not one time , two times.

four times

We go to the theatre once a week.

Peter plays football five times a month

Every evening / morning / night /day / weekend… Saturday / Monday/week / year

The rest of the frequency expressions are placed at the end of the sentence

Complete the Exercise

A Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, as in the example.

Example : play /often / on / Sundays / they / football

They often play football on Sundays.

 1. late / is / she / sometimes
_________________________________________________________
2. early / up / sister / never / Sundays / on / gets / my

_______________________________________________

3. usually / he / goes / to / on / Fridays / the / cinema

_____________________________________________
4. go / you / restaurant / often / a / do / how / to / ?

___________________________________________-
5. she / the / beach / to / always / goes / in / the / summer

______________________________________________
6. sometimes / her / does / she / Fridays / on / shopping

________________________________________________
7. go / we / twice / month / the / theatre / to / a

________________________________________________
8. never / in / is / the / at / mornings / Peter / home

_________________________________________________
9. he / work / rides / bike / to / his / often

___________________________________________________
10. home / they / get / six o’clock / usually / at

_________________________________________________________-
11. every / homework / students / their / good / do / day

_________________________________________________________
12. you / out / how / in / do / evenings / often / go / the / ?

_____________________________________________________________

B Put the frequency adverbs and expressions in the right place.

1. Susan is late for school. (never)

___________________________________________
2. My brother doesn’t write letters to his friends. (usually)

_____________________________________________
 3. We go on holidays. (twice a year)
______________________________________________

4. Peter wears a tie. (sometimes)

__________________________________________
5. I eat fish. (once a week)

_____________________________________________

6. Do the children watch TV? (often)

_________________________________________________
7. My father is very busy. (always)

______________________________________________________
8. Peter tidies his room. (never)

________________________________________________________
9. My brother and I go fishing. (every week)

______________________________________________________________
10. My mother goes shopping on Saturdays. (always)

__________________________________________________________________
11. Do you get up late at the weekend? (usually)

___________________________________________________________________
12. I drink tea. (every morning)

________________________________________________________________________
13. Mary rides her motorbike to work. (sometimes)

_______________________________________________________________

PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISE

Put the correct verb

Andy the family car.

a) wash
b) washes
c) washs
 1) Every morning my mother at 6 o'clock.
a) get up
b) get ups
c) gets up

2) Mr. Black e-mails in the evenings.

a) write
b) writes
c) writs

3) The girls the shopping.

a) dos
b) does
c) do

4) Mandy and Susan films every weekend.

a) watches
b) watch
c) watchs

5) Do you milk in your tea?

a) like
b) liks
c) likes

6) ___I correct?
a) Are
b) Be
c) Am
d) Is

7) It a beautiful day today.

a) am
b) are
c) be
d) is

8) John often handball.

a) play
b) plays
c) playes

Form questions in the Simple Present.

1) Frank / to read / comics Does Frank read comics?

2) what / they / to eat / for breakfast
3) when / his mum / to come / home when does his mum come home?
4) Peter / to like /the city
5) Marie and Joe / to like / homework
6) you / to walk / to school
7) where / she / to live
8) why / you / to ride / your bike
9) how / Linda / to go / to the park
10) / Ron / to speak / English

Negate the sentences.

1) Kevin plays basketball. Kevin doesn’t play basketball.

2) Steve can make breakfast.
3) I run to school.
4) The kite flies into the air.
5) He comes from Spain.
6) Mr Smith teaches French.
7) Sandy washes her hair.
8) The children know the answer.
9) She sits on a chair.

Choose 5 of the verbs above and make sentences in present simple.

1. _______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________
PRESENT SIMPLE VERB TO BE

Pronoun  Affirmative Negative Question

I I am. I am not. Am I?

he/she/it He is. He is not. Is he?

you/we/they You are. You are not. Are you?

Use of the simple present of to be
The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action or event that takes place habitually, but
with the verb "to be" the simple present tense also refers to a present or general state, whether
temporary, permanent or habitual.

 I am happy.
 She is helpful.

The verb to be in the simple present can be also used to refer to something that is true at the present
moment.

 She is 20 years old.

 He is a student.

The verb to be is use for nationalities too

 is Brad Pitt French?

 No, he isn't. He's American

Put he correct verb to be in the gap

Example: I (be) am happy.

1) I (be) _____ tired. 2) I (be) _____ hungry. 3) I (be) _____ late! 4) They (be) _____happy.

5) You (be) _____ nice. 6) We (be) _____ sleepy. 7) They (be) _____ funny. 8) It (be) ______ happy.

9) He (be) _____ cool. 10) She (be) _____ pretty. 11) It (be) _____ fast.

Using the Verb "To be" Write the correct form of the verb "to be" in present tense. Note: The verb can
be positive (+) or negative (-). Use not to form the negative.

Example: My teacher (be) is nice. (+) Example: The cat (be, not) is not hungry. (-)

1) The old man (be) ________ wise. 2) The sun (be) ________ hot. 3) The children (be) ________
eating bananas. They (be, not) ____ ____ eating apples. 4) I (be) ________ happy. I (be, not) ____
____ sad. 5) The racecar (be) ________ fast. It (be, not) ____ ____ slow. 6) My friend (be) ________
buying a new car. Her old car broke down. It doesn't work anymore. 7) I (be) ________ at the beach
with my family. It (be) ________ hot and sunny outside. The ocean water (be) ________ warm.

8) Ko and Jacob (be) ________ very smart. Ko (be) ________ a scientist and Jacob (be) ________ an
engineer. 9) The library (be) ________ open until 9:00 p.m. 10) The school (be) ________ small. It
(be, not) ____ ____ big. 11) The books (be) ________ new. They (be, not) ____ ____ old.

12) Tommy, Steven, and Teddy (be) ________ acting in the school play. 13) Beatrice (be) ________
at her house. 14) It (be) ________ hot outside. It (be, not) ____ ____ cold outside. 15) You (be)
________ finished with the quiz! 16) Judith (be, not) ____ ____ at home. She (be) ________ at
school.

Present Progressive
 SPELLING RULES

A single, silent e at the end of the word is dropped before ing.

example: come - coming

I am coming home. You are coming home. He is coming home.

But: ee at the end of the word is not changed

example: agree - agreeing

The final consonant after a short, stressed vowel is doubled before ing.

example: sit - sitting

I am sitting on the sofa. You are sitting on the sofa. He is sitting on the sofa.

The letter l as final consonant after a vowel is always doubled before ing.

example: travel - travelling

I am travelling around. You are travelling around. He is travelling around.

Mind: This applies only for British English; in American English there is usually only one l.

An ie at the end of a word becomes y before ing.

example: lie - lying

I am lying in bed. You are lying in bed. He is lying in bed.

Esta regla no aplica a los verbos que terminan en una vocal más y . Por ejemplo,  play  (jugar)
es playing  (jugando).

1) Write these and those verbs from exercise 2 with –ing ending.

base form -ing form base form -ing form

sit sitting

make

sing

do

swim

live
 2) Complete the sentences with correct form of the verb.

1. My brother the table for dinner now. (set)

2. Our grandparents to see us this week. (come)

3. This lady to her favourite show. (watch)

4. We baseball at the moment. (play)

5. The teacher us the test today. (give)

6. I a present for my best friend Amy. (buy)

7. She a birthday today. (have)

8. They their dogs at the moment. (feed)

9. Me and my parents London this week. (visit)

10. Susie in High Tatras in this picture. (ski)

Form short/contracted forms.

1) we are playing -
2) he is repairing -
3) I am dancing -
4) it is raining -
5) they are asking -
6) you are sleeping -
7) she is wearing -

D - Negate the sentences.

1) The girls are riding their bikes.

2) He is taking out a book.
3) I am washing my hair.
4) The baby is crying.
5) You are listening to music.
6) The dog is running after the cat.
7) She is sitting on the chair.
8) My mum is preparing lunch now.
9) We are carrying buckets.
10) The teacher is opening the window.
 Which sentences/questions are correct?

1) Which sentence is in the Present Progressive?

a) I am reading a comic now.
b) I reading a comic now.
c) I ´ m reading a comic now.
d) I'am reading a comic now.

2) Which sentence is in the Present Progressive?

a) He has read a book.
b) He is going to read a book.
c) He is reading a book.
d) He read a book.
e) He reads a book.

3) In which sentence is the Present Progressive used correctly?

a) Andrew am washing the dishes.
b) Andrew are washing the dishes.
c) Andrew is washing the dishes.

4) Which negative sentence is in the Present Progressive?

a) Eric does not doing his homework.
b) Eric is not do his homework.
c) Eric is not doing his homework.

5) Which negative sentence is in the Present Progressive?

a) We aren't write a test.
b) We aren't writing a test.
c) We don't writing a test.

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present progressive).

1. Look! He (leave) _________________ the house.

2. Quiet please! I (write)______________ a test.
3. She usually (walk)_________________ to school.
4. But look! Today she (go)________________ by bike.
5. Every Sunday we (go)__________________ to see my grandparents.
6. He often (go)____________________ to the cinema.
7. We (play)____________________ Monopoly at the moment.
8. The child seldom (cry)_______________________
9. I (not / do)_________________________ anything at the moment.
10. (watch / he)______________________the news regularly?
 WH QUESTIONS

WH-Questions:

Example
What:
Which:
Where:
When:
Why:
Who:
Whose:
How:
How many:
How much:
How often:
PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks with What, When or Where
1. is the name of the President of the United States of America?

2. month is the Chinese new year?

3. did Neil Armstrong say when he first landed on the moon?

4. did he first land?

5. did the Americans drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima?

6. is New York city?

7. is that called in English?

8. are the Hawaiian Islands?

9. are you doing this afternoon?

 PRACTICE 2: Write on the blank: how, when, what or where and make questions.

For example: 1. Derrick runs quickly to his desk. How

How does Derrick run to his desk?

1. Pamela speaks slowly. ……………

2. Janet is sitting in front of André. ……………

3. Pat arrived early today. ……………

4. Karen and Simon drive dangerously. ……………

5. Sharon usually laughs at my jokes. ……………

6. Monique types quickly. ……………

7. I often go to school on my bike. ……………

8. Nathalie is beside Peter. ……………

9. He sometimes calls me at home. ……………

10. Your teacher answers honestly. ……………

PRACTICE 3: ASK QUESTIONS USING WH-
Example
Where does she live ?

She lives on Victory Street.

2. ?

We get up at 7 o’clock.

3. ?

He works at Memorial Hospital.

4. ?

My brother is a popular dentist.

1
 5. ?

They have four children.

6. ?

I go to school by bus.

7.. ?

She teaches at Harvard University.

8. ?

I eat a hamburger and french fries for lunch.

9. ?

She has two brothers.

10. ?

The restaurants open at 4: 30.

PRACTICE 3: Match the items in A with a suitable item from B

A B

1. How long is it from here to the nearest bus station?

2. Which type of clubs have you joined so far?About 5 or more?
3. How much books are you interested in?
4. How tall were you when you first get on a plane?
5. How old is your sister? She seems 1.75cm
6. How many is a pencil box?
7. What did you start riding a bike?
8. When weren’t you at home?Tell me your excuse now.
9. Why is your opinion about this topic?
10. How far have you been waiting for me?

SIMPLE PAST
Positive Negative Question

no differences I spoke. I did not speak. Did I speak?

Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example

after a final e only add d love – loved

final consonant after a short, stressed vowel admit – admitted

or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled travel – travelled

final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried

2
 Use of Simple Past
 action in the past taking place once, never or several times .Example: He visited his parents every
weekend.
 actions in the past taking place one after the other .Example: He came in, took off his coat
and sat down.
 action in the past taking place in the middle of another action .Example: When I was having
breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
 if sentences type II (If I talked,…) .Example: If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.

Signal Words of Simple Past

 yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
SIMPLE PAST TO BE FORM

Complete the sentences with was or were.

1. I  happy.
2. You hangry.
3. She  in London last week.
4. He  on holiday.
5. It  cold.
6. We  at school.
7. You at the cinema.
8. They at home.
9. The cat  on the roof.
10. The children  in the garden.

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Past Simple (regular verbs)

A- Write the Past Simple form of the verbs below in the correct column.

3
Repeat, worry, finish , start , phone, call, miss, enjoy, visit , marry, listen, cry, play, hate, wash, climb,
live, arrive, talk, look, stay, ask , clean, travel, open , like, walk, carry, stop, mix, plan, decide, tidy.

-d -ed Cons + y - ied Doublé cons + ed

B -Complete the sentences with the verbs below in Past Simple.

Study listen walk enjoy go wash start

1- Lucy ................................. her birthday presents.

2- Last weekend I ............................. in the mountains for 2 hours.

3- We .............................. the party very much.

4- Ken ............................... to his favourite CD yesterday.

5- My sister .................................. Maths for an exam.

6- They .................................. to the USA in 2003.

7- Dad ................................ his car last weekend.

8- The film ............................... at 11:30.

C-Write the sentences in negative

1- Lucy ...................................................... her birthday presents.

2- .........................................................................................................................................................

3- .........................................................................................................................................................

4- .........................................................................................................................................................

5- .........................................................................................................................................................

6- .........................................................................................................................................................

7- .........................................................................................................................................................

8- .........................................................................................................................................................

D. What did you do yesterday?, write 8 sentences about it.

1- .......................................................................................................................................................

2- .........................................................................................................................................................

3- .........................................................................................................................................................

4
4- .........................................................................................................................................................

5- .........................................................................................................................................................

6- .........................................................................................................................................................

7- .........................................................................................................................................................

8- .........................................................................................................................................................

E- Complete the sentences with the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets.

She ...................... (go) to school on foot yesterday.

Paul ..................... (eat) 2 sandwiches and an Apple

I ...................... (get) up very early last night.

They ....................... (find) 50 euros in the street.

My dad ................... (give) me a CD for my birthday.

Ana ..................... (have) a bath last Sunday.

We ...................... (swim) in the Mediterranean sea.

Joe ..................... (write) a letter to Mary 2 days ago.

Match the pictures with the actions and write the Past Simple of the verbs.

5
 PAST PROGRESSIVE

  Positive Negative Question

I / he / she / it I was speaking. I was not speaking. Was I speaking?

you / we / they You were speaking. You were not speaking. Were you speaking?

Exceptions in Spelling

Exceptions in spelling when adding ing Example

final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed) come – coming

(but: agree – agreeing)

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled sit – sitting

l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English) travel – travelling

final ie becomes y lie – lying

Use of Past Progressive

 puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.

 two actions happening at the same time (in the past)

Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.

 action going on at a certain time in the past

Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

Signal Words of Past Progressive

 while, as long as

A Write the ing form of the verbs.

1. live →
2. stay →
3. run →
4. win →
6
5. cycle
B Write sentences in past progressive.
1. he / the car / wash →……………………………………………………………
2. she / home / go →………………………………………………………………….
3. they / not / the match / watch →…………………………………………………..
4. you / in the shop / work →…………………………………………………………..

5. I / not / a magazine / read →………………………………………………………..

C .Write questions in past progressive.

1. she / on a chair / sit →……………………………………………………………..
2. you / your bag / pack →……………………………………………………………..
3. his head / ache →……………………………………………………………………..
4. we / tea / drink →………………………………………………………………………
5. you / the bike / repair →……………………………………………………………….

D Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence .

1. Jamie was doing a language course in London. →
2. Andrew was carrying a heavy box. →
3. The teacher was testing our English. →
4. At six o'clock, we were having dinner. →
5. Sally was hurrying to school because she was late. →

Explanations on Simple Past and Past Progressive

Use

After another or at the same time?

Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time?

Simple Past Past Progressive

at the same time

after another
Simon was playing on the computer while his brother
She came home, switched on the computer and was watching TV.
checked her e-mails.

New action or already in progress?

If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses:
Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress.

7
 Simple Past Past Progressive

action already in progress

new action
While I was sitting in a meeting, (my mobile suddenly
My mobile rang (while I was sitting in a rang.)
meeting.)

Only mentioning or emphasising progress?

Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you
want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time?

Simple Past Past Progressive

just mentioning emphasising progress

Colin played football yesterday. Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football.

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Past (not in the progressive form).

 state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit. Example: We were on holiday.

 possession: belong, have. Example: Sam had a cat.
 senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch. Example: He felt the cold.
 feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish. Example: Jane loved pizza.
 brain work: believe, know, think, understand. Example: I did not understand him.
 introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say. Example: “I am watching TV,“
he said.
Signal words

Simple Past Past Progressive

 first
while
 then as long as
 If-Satz Typ II (If I talked, …

Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).

1. While Tom (read)………………………………. Amely (watch)…………………………………a documentary on TV.

2. Marvin (come)……………………………………..home, (switch)……………………………………. on the computer
and (check)…………………………………….. his emails.

8
3. The thief (sneak)……………………………………. into the house, (steal)………………………………………. the
jewels and (leave)……………………………………. without a trace.
4. Nobody (listen)……………………………………… while the teacher (explain)…………………………………….. the
tenses.
5. While we (do)……………………………………… a sight-seeing tour, our friends (lie)……………………… on the
beach.
6. He (wake)………………………………. up and (look)……………………………. at his watch.

9
 Use appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences .

1. We had a great time in France  the kids really enjoyed it

2. Some people work best in the mornings others do better in the evenings
3. What are you doing next weekend
4. Mother had to go into hospital she had heart problems
5. Did you understand why I was upset
6. It is a fine idea let us hope that it is going to work
7. We will be arriving on Monday morning  at least I think so
8. A textbook can be a wall between teacher and class
9. The girls father sat in a corner
10. In the words of Murphys Law Anything that can go wrong will go wrong

PHRASAL VERB

Phrasal verbs más usados

Como os explicamos en este  artículo, los phrasal verbs se componen de verbos simples a los que se les
añade una preposición o un adverbio. A veces, esta partícula provoca un ligero cambio en el significado del
verbo (lo matiza) pero, en otras ocasiones, comporta un cambio totalmente radical. Por este motivo son
tan difíciles de aprender (muchas veces no queda más remedio que aprenderlos de memoria). Sin
embargo, existen algunos phrasal verbs más comunes que te pueden ayudar a dominar la lengua.

1. Back up: apoyar. The rest of the team backed her up when she told Management about her
plans. También puede significar «dar marcha atrás» o «hacer una copia de seguridad».
2. Bring up: mencionar algo. Don’t bring up the budget during the meeting, please.
3. Carry out: llevar a cabo. The company is carrying out a plan to increase salaries by 20% next year.
4. Come across: encontrarse a alguien por casualidad. I went to the park and came across your brother –
he is looking so grown up now!
5. Come up with: ocurrirse (una idea, solución…). Remember our IT problem? Well, Carlos has come up
with a great solution!
6. Drop off: dejar a alguien en un sitio. Marcos is dropping me off at the airport today.
7. Find out: averiguar. María got promoted when they found out she has excellent business skills.
8. Get along: llevarse bien. Do you get along with your English teacher? I think she’s really cool.
9. Get back to: responder más tarde. Let me check out some numbers and I will get back to you with an
answer this afternoon.
10. Get over: superar. He has gotten over his breakup quite well, don’t you think?
11. Give up: dejar un hábito. I gave up smoking last May. También puede significar «rendirse».
12. Hurry up: darse prisa. Hurry up or we will never make it in time!
13. Look after: cuidar de alguien. I’m looking after the children while my sister is at work.
14. Make up: recuperar. Making up for lost time. Otros posibles significados: hacer las paces, maquillarse,
inventar…
15. Pick up: recoger. Can you pick me up at the train station? También puede significar «aprender por
casualidad»: I picked up some French while I was living in Paris.
16. Point out: señalar. Thanks for pointing this out, John -otherwise we could have made a big mistake.
17. Set up: fundar, establecer. I have always wanted to set up my own freelance business.
18. Turn on/off: encender/apagar. Can you turn the lighs off when you leave, please?
19. Turn out: ocurrir de manera diferente a lo esperado. As it turns out, John didn’t get the job in
Advertising -he is going to Australia for a gap year instead.
20. Turn up: llegar o aparecer. Mike hasn’t turned up yet. Do any of you know where is he?
21. Look after: Cuidar o encargarse de alguien. My husband looks after the children when I’m at work.
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22. Look at: Mirar a algo o alguien (sencillo, ¿verdad?). Look at the cats – they are doing that  thing I told
you about.
23. Look for: Buscar algo o a alguien. Es uno de los phrasal verbs más útiles y conocidos. I’m looking for my
phone – have you seen it?
24. Look forward to: Esperar algo con ansias. Es muy típica en las despedidas de cartas y emails. I’m
looking forward to working with you again.
25. Look into: Estudiar, investigar. El verbo investigate también existe en inglés, pero su uso es mucho más
formal. I’ll look into it and tell you the results.
26. Look out: Estar atento a alguna cosa que podría pasar. A veces se le añade for o se cambia el
verbo  look  por  watch. Look out with that dog, it looks like it will bite.
27. Look over: Revisar, repasar o examinar. You have to look them over first
28. Look through: Revisar, hojear .When I’m in a bookshop, I look through as many book as I can
29. Look up: Consultar o buscar algo en un libro de referencia (por ejemplo, un diccionario). You don’t
know what «flabbergasted» means? Then look it up!
30. Take apart: Desmontar algo en sus diferentes partes. I am taking apart my old mobile phone to build
something new with its parts.
31. Take away: Llevarse o quitar algo. Could you take away this old chair? I don’t want it anymore.
32. Take care of: Cuidar de alguien. Can you take care of Anna tonight? Asumir la responsabilidad de algo
Don’t worry about the project – I’ll take care of it.
33. Take down: Bajar algo. Could you take the trash  down for me? I’m not dressed .Tomar apuntes o
notas. I took down a lot of notes during the meeting. I will send them to you tomorrow.
34. Take off: Quitarse algo. I took my jacket off and left it on the coat hanger. Descontar. I broke a
keyboard and they took it off my salary. Despegar. My plane takes off at nine, so I should be at the airport
at seven.
35. Take on: Encargarse de algo. When my teammate left, I took on his responsibilities. Contratar a alguien.
A very important international company took on María last Monday.
36. Take over: Asumir o encargarse de algo I would like John to take over the social media project from
now on. Me gustaría que John se encargara del proyecto de medios sociales a partir de ahora. Reemplazar
o sustituir a alguien. Mike will take over from Silvia until she is back from maternity leave.
37. Take back: Devolver o retomar algo. The sweater I bought was too small, so I took it back to the store.
38. Take up: Ocupar espacio o tiempo. My new responsibilities as a project manager are taking up most of
my time.
39. Make something out: entender
40. Make off with something: irse con algo, robar
41. Make out: lograr algo
42. Make something/somebody into something: cambiar algo o alguien
43. Make for: ir a un lugar.
44. Make off: irse con prisa.
45. Make up: significado de maquillar. I don’t like putting make up on my face

FUTURE WITH WILL

Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an assumption with regard to the future or an action in the
future that cannot be influenced

  positive negative question

no differences I will speak. I will not speak. Will I speak?

I wont speak.

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 Use of will Future
 a spontaneous decisión .example: Wait, I will help you.
 an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future .example: He will probably come
back tomorrow.
 a promise .example: I will not watch TV tonight.
 an action in the future that cannot be influenced. example: It will rain tomorrow.
 conditional clauses type I. example: If I arrive late, I will call you.
Signal Words
 in a year, next …, tomorrow
 I think, probably, perhaps

Put the verbs into the correct form (future I simple). Use will.

Jim asked a fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him:

1. You (earn)……………………… a lot of money.

2. You (travel)……………………. around the world.
3. You (meet)……………………….. lots of interesting people.
4. Everybody (adore)……………….. you.
5. You (not / have)…………………….. any problems.
6. Many people (serve)……………….. you.
7. They (anticipate)..………………………….. your wishes.
8. There (not / be)………………………………. anything left to wish for.
9. Everything (be)…………………………………….. perfect.
10. But all these things (happen / only)……………………………. if you marry me.

FUTURE WITH GOING TO

Going to future expresses a conclusion regarding the immediate future or an action in the near future that
has already been planned or prepared.

  positive negative question

I I am going to speak. I am not going to speak. Am I going to speak?

you / we / they You are going to speak. You are not going to speak. Are you going to speak?

he / she / it He is going to speak. He is not going to speak. Is he going to speak?

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 Use of going to Future
 an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared. example: I am going to
study harder next year.
 a conclusion regarding the immediate future. example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to
rain.

Signal Words
 in one year, next week, tomorrow

Put the Verbs into the correct form (future I). Use going to.

1. It (rain)……………………………
2. They (eat)……………………………… stew.
3. I (wear)…………………………………….. blue shoes tonight.
4. We (not / help)………………………………. you.
5. Jack (not / walk)………………………………….. home.
6. (cook / you)……………………………….. dinner?
7. Sue (share / not)…………………………….. her biscuits.
8. (leave / they)………………………………….. the house?
9. (take part / she)…………………………………. in the contest?
10. I (not / spend)…………………………………………… my holiday abroad this year.

Short Answers

Saying ‘Yes, I do. / No, I don’t’ in English is more polite than just saying ‘Yes. / No.’ That’s why short
answers are very commonly used.

To form the short answer, you use the first word from the question. (This is either an auxiliary verb or a
form of ‘be’.)

Use the long form (he does) in affirmative answers (yes).

Use the short form (he doesn’t) in negative answers (no).

Question Affirmative Negative

Do we know him? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.

Can she see me? Yes, she can. No, she can’t.

Have they read the book? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

Is he hungry? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.

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 Reading comprehension

Who are they? Where are they? What do they do?

Stacy is a singer. She loves to sing. She is in a band. She sings in a band . She is the lead singer.
Sometimes she plays the piano.

Chad is Stacy's boyfriend. He is also in the band. He stands next to Stacy. He plays the electric guitar.
Sometimes Chad sings with Stacy.

Dean is Chad and Stacy's friend. He is also in the band. He stands next to Chad. He plays bass
guitar. Dean does not sing. He does not like to sing.

The band practices three times a week. They mostly perform at nightclubs. Sometimes they sing at weddings.
They are a very good band.

Exercises

A. Answer the following questions. Use the present simple

1. What does Stacy do in the band? How does Stacy feel about singing?

2. Who is Chad? What instrument does Chad play in the band?

3. Who is Dean? Where does the band mostly perform?

Who are they? Where are they? What are they doing?

Today, Abby is visiting her grandparents. She loves her grandparents. At this moment, she is sitting on her
grandfather's knee. She is listening to a story. She is smiling. She loves her grandfather's stories.

Jacob is Abby's grandfather. He loves his granddaughter. Right now, he is telling her a story. He is holding
her on his knee. He is holding her hands. They are sitting in the living room.

Sarah is Abby's grandmother. At this moment, Sarah is standing in the kitchen. She is baking cookies for
Jacob and Abby. She is also listening to Jacob's story.

A. Answer the following questions. Use the Present Progressive tense.

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1. Whom is Abby visiting today? At this moment, what is Abby doing?

2. Right now, what is Jacob doing? Where is he sitting?

3. At this moment, where is Sarah? What is she doing?

B. Read the description and write down what it is. Use the box below for help.

knee grandmother story cookies

living room grandfather kitchen granddaughter

1. It is the room in a house where someone cooks food.

2. What is it?

3. It is a joint in the body between the upper leg and lower leg.

4. What is it?

5. She is the mother of your mother or father. Who is she?

6. They are sweet desserts. What are they?

7. He is the father of your mother or father. Who is he?

8. It is a tale or narrative of events. What is it?

9. It is the room in a house where people relax or entertain guests. What is it? ________

10. She is the daughter of your son or daughter. Who is she? ____________

DAILY ACTIVITIES

Question: What is your favorite time of the day? Why?

Read the article below and then answer the questions.

My Daily Routine

Some of my friends think I have a boring daily routine, but I like it. I usually get up at about 6:00 or 6:30 in
the morning, after my alarm clock wakes me up. First, I brush my teeth, and shave, and wash my face.

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Then, I get dressed and go downstairs to have breakfast with my family. I always have coffee, cereal, and
lots of fruit. That’s me in the picture with my wife. I take a bus to work because I don’t like to drive, and I
always arrive at my office before 8:00. I’m never late for work. Five o’clock is my favorite time of the day
because I finish work and go back home and see my wife and children again. I have two boys, Thomas, who
is six years old and Patrick, who is eight. We eat dinner together in our dining room at around 6:00, and
after that I hang out with my wife and kids at home. We really enjoy watching our favorite TV programs
together. We like to watch shows about travel. However, two or three times a week I do exercise in the
evening, so I can stay strong and healthy. I think that this is very important! Finally, at about 9:30, I go to
bed, read for a while, and then fall asleep. Sure, some people think my daily routine is a little boring – but
on weekends and holidays I love to fly airplanes… for fun! It’s my favorite hobby.

Answer the Questions

1. What is the article about?

(a) his family

(b) the activities he likes to do at home

(c) the things he usually does every day

2. What does he do after he gets washed and dressed in the mornings?

(a) eats

(b) goes to work

(c) buys fruit

3. Why does he take a bus to work?

(a) He gets to work before eight o’clock.

(b) He is never late.

(c) He doesn’t like to drive.

4. What time of day does he like best?

(a) eight o’clock

(b) five o’clock

(c) six o’clock

5. What does the phrase ‘hang out’ mean?

(a) eat

(b) stay at some place

(c) go home after work

6. How often does he do exercise?

(a) always

(b) never
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(c) sometimes

7. What does he think is very important?

(a) exercise

(b) travel

(c) TV

8. He thinks his daily routine is boring.

(a) TRUE

(b) FALSE

(c) He doesn’t say.

Days & Months

Find and circle all of the Days and Months that are hidden in the grid.
The words may be hidden in any direction .
 

MONDAY JANUARY JULY

TUESDAY FEBRUARY AUGUST
WEDNESDA MARCH SEPTEMBER
Y APRIL OCTOBER
THURSDAY MAY NOVEMBER
FRIDAY JUNE DECEMBER
SATURDAY
SUNDAY

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 GRAMMAR

18 © 18
 GRAMMAR

19 © 19
TENSES T 7

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