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Topología General - Willard

This document discusses several topics in topology: 1. It provides 5 examples of topological spaces, including the collection of closed bounded subsets of the real numbers, and topologies generated by subsets of a space X. 2. It states that any closed subset of the plane R2 is the frontier of some set in R2. 3. It notes that the maximum number of sets that can be generated by complementation and closure operations on a subset of a topological space is 14, and this can be achieved by a subset of the real numbers. 4. It defines regularly open and regularly closed sets and lists some of their properties, including that the complement of a regularly open set is regularly closed and vice versa.

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355 views380 pages

Topología General - Willard

This document discusses several topics in topology: 1. It provides 5 examples of topological spaces, including the collection of closed bounded subsets of the real numbers, and topologies generated by subsets of a space X. 2. It states that any closed subset of the plane R2 is the frontier of some set in R2. 3. It notes that the maximum number of sets that can be generated by complementation and closure operations on a subset of a topological space is 14, and this can be achieved by a subset of the real numbers. 4. It defines regularly open and regularly closed sets and lists some of their properties, including that the complement of a regularly open set is regularly closed and vice versa.

Uploaded by

sienna
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3) Problems 29

Problema

3A. Examples of topologies


l . If !F is the' collection of all closed, bounded subsets of R (in its usual topology1 to­
gether withR itse)t then !F is the family of closed sets for a topology onR strictly weaker than
the usual topology.
2. If A e X, show that the family of ali subsets of X which contain A, together with the
empty set 0, is a topology on X. Describe the closure and interior operations. What topology
results when A = 0? when A = X?
3. Let B be a fuced subset of X and for each nonempty A e X, Jet A = A v B, with
0 = 0. Verify that A -+ A is a closure operation. Describe the open sets in the resulting
topology. What topology results when B = 0? when B = X?
4. Call a subset ofR 2 radially open iff it contains an open line segment in each direction
about each of its points. Show that the collection of radially open sets is a topology forR 2.
Compare this topology with the usual topology on R2 (ie., is it weaker, stronger, the same
or none of these?). Toe plane with t�is topology will be called the radial plane.
S. If A e X and T is any topology for X, then { U v (V r'I A) 1 U, V e T} is a topology
for X. It is called the simple extension of T over A.

3B. Frontiers in the p/ane


Any closed subset of the plane R2 is the frontier of sorne set in R 2 .

3C. ' Complementation and closure


lf A is any subset of a topological space, the largest possible number of different sets in the two
seque�ces

A, A', A'-, A'-', .. .


A, A-, A-,, A_,-, . . .

(where' denotes complementation and - denotes closure) is 14. There is a subset ofR which
gives 14. [For any open set G, CI (Int (CI G)) = CI G.J

3D. Regular/y open and regular/y c/osed sets


An open subset G in a topological space is regular/y open iff G is the interior of its closure. A
closed subset is regular/y closed iff it is the closure of its interior.
l . Toe complement of a regularly open set is regularly closed and vice versa.
2. There are open sets inR wbich are not regularly open.
3. If A is any subset of a topological space, then lnt (CI (A)) is regularly open.
.
4. Toe intersection, but not necessarily the union, of two regularly open sets is regularly
open. (Thus the same proposition, with "union" and "intersection" interchanged, holds for
regularly closed sets.)

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