Report on Community Service

Submitted To: -
Date: -

Submitted by: - Students of MBA (AU - B)

Group – 8
(Working with Hug Human)

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hug human
Welfare & charitable trust

No creed…. No cast

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COMMUNITY SERVICE

Community service is a donated service or activity that is performed by

someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or its

institutions. Volunteers may provide community service, however, not

everyone who provides community service is seen as a volunteer, because

some people who provide community service are not doing it of their own

free will; they are compelled to do so by: their government as a part of

citizenship requirements, in lieu of military service.

 The courts, in lieu of, or in addition to, other criminal justice

sanctions;

 Their school, to meet the requirements of a class, such as in the

case of service learning or to meet the requirements of graduation,

or, in the case of parents, required to provide a certain number of

hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or

sports team.

There are also people providing community service who receive some

form of compensation in return for their year of commitment to public

service, such as AmeriCorps in the USA (who are called members rather

than volunteers).

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YOUTH COMMUNITY SERVICE

Community services performed by youth is also referred to as youth

service. Youth service is intended to strengthen young peoples' senses of

civic engagement and community, and to help them achieve their

educational, developmental and social goals.

Youth service hours and/or projects is often required for advancement,

e.g. for a Scout to advance to the next rank or for a high school student to

graduate.

Service learning is the deliberate connection of community service to

stated learning goals. A common misconception among educators, youth

workers, and young people is the notion that service learning can be

assigned. Several experts[who?] attest to the necessity of engaging youth in

deliberating, planning, implementing, and reflecting on their community

service, thereby sustaining high-quality service learning. This is intended

to make community service an effective learning tool.

Example Community Service Projects

 Cleaning a park.

 Collecting items for charity such as clothes, food, or furniture.

 Getting involved with Habitat for Humanity

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  Cleaning roadside verges.

 Helping the elderly in nursing homes.

 Helping the local fire or police service.

 Helping out at a local library.

NGO

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted

organization created by natural or legal persons that operates

independently from any government. In the cases in which NGOs are

funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-

governmental status by excluding government representatives from

membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to

organizations that pursue some wider social aim that has political aspects,

but that are not overtly political organizations such as political parties.

Unlike the term "intergovernmental organization", the term "non-

governmental organization" has no generally agreed legal definition. In

many jurisdictions, these types of organization are called "civil society

organizations" or referred to by other names.

The number of internationally operating NGOs is estimated at 40,000.

National numbers are even higher: Russia has 277,000 NGOs India is

estimated to have around 1-2 million NGOs.

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There are also numerous classifications of NGOs. The typology the

World Bank uses divides them into Operational and Advocacy:

The primary purpose of an operational NGO is the design and

implementation of development-related projects. One frequently used

categorization is the division into relief-oriented versus development-

oriented organizations; they can also be classified according to whether

they stress service delivery or participation; or whether they are religious

or secular; and whether they are more public or private-oriented.

Operational NGOs can be community-based, national or international.

The primary purpose of an Advocacy NGO is to defend or promote a

specific cause. As opposed to operational project management, these

organizations typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and knowledge

by lobbying, presswork and activist events.

Public relations: - Non-governmental organizations need healthy

relationships with the public to meet their goals. Foundations and

charities use sophisticated public relations campaigns to raise funds and

employ standard lobbying techniques with governments. Interest groups

may be of political importance because of their ability to influence social

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and political outcomes. The World Association of Non Governmental

NGOs established a code of ethics in 2002.

ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

Hug human the charitable trust has been founded with sole objects and

motive to awake the sleeping consciousness of the society who does not

feel their social accountabilities towards his siblings being outcaste from

the main stream of the social life, causing degradation of human values at

par, along with the majority sections of our society facing such hardships

with their life causing them to brig at the apex of the mental imbalances,

frustrations and depression.

Viewing the forgoing issues like the outcaste of communities like slum

dwellers, beggars, prostitutes, imbecile etc the organization has decided

to secure and restore the human values by asking the government organs

to bring about certain changes in the constitution of the country to

implement the compulsory provision to secure 100% security of food,

shelter, cloth, medicine, education for every citizen of the country

without any compromise with any other issues directly, indirectly related

to our lives.

They are also contributing their project to check the growing suicidal

tendencies of the so called people causing financial pressure of the day to

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day existence of the life as well as other pressures created out of the

undesirable philosophy of the social life.

The organization is also planning to meet the contingent needs of an

individual, facing a hardship, going beyond an individuals control to

restore it by a committee of experts to look after the day to day problems

of common person of the society.

Aims and objectives of the organization: -

The aims and objects for which the trust is established are as under.

 To establish and maintain adult education center with a motive to

provide free education to the illiterate adults.

 To promote education among poor and deserving students by way

of grant of scholarship and by providing books and uniform to the

students.

 To encourage and promote vocational courses among the poor.

 To extend financial assistance to poor and destitute women.

 To assist women from economically weak background to take up

self-employment venture.

 To work towards abolition of child labor especially involving girls

child.

 To provide financial assistance for physically and mentally

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 challenged children and women.

 To provide education/help to the physically and mentally

challenged children and women.

 To organize and arrange Mass marriage (NIKHA) for poor and

needy persons of the society.

 To organize mass Circumcision camps to the poor children of the

society.

The trust has been created for charitable purposes within the meaning of

the income tax Act, 1961, and the objective of the trust are to afford relief

and to render services to the poor, to promote educational and social

services for the benefit of the public without any commercial or profit

motive and without restriction of any religious, caste, creed and

community.

For the promotion of spiritual, physical mental, educational

development and uplift of adults and children of all ages without

any distinction of caste, creed or religion and in the interest of

making in general. To aid or establish, take over or collaborate

with any institution or school, college, association, center for

spiritual health, disabled, aged orphan, child labor and poor women

for their educational and total rehabilitation, to establish any

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 institution or society for the welfare of victims of natural calamities

and or to provide food and shelter to any needy person or persons

from time to time

Project done by Hug Human

Child Abuse:

Many of the street children who have run away from home have done so

because they were beaten or sexually abused. Tragically, their

homelessness can lead to further abuse through exploitative child labor

and prostitution.

Refuse to speak for months. To aggravate matters, children often feel

guilty and blame themselves for their mistreatment. Such damage can

take years to recover from in even the most loving of environments; on

the streets it may never heal.

A large proportion of the boys and girls in Hug Human ’s homes have

suffered abuse. In addition to fulfilling their material needs, we seek to

provide a warm and caring atmosphere. Our vocational centres, too, are

safe, fun places where children gain confidence and self-esteem. We run

a help line for children in need, and, unusual amongst Indian NGOs, we

employ male and female full-time counsellors to support our children’s

emotional development

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Child Labor:

Most Indian street children work. In Jaipur, a common job is rag-picking,

in which boys and girls as young as 6 years old sift through garbage in

order to collect recyclable material. The children usually rise before dawn

and carry their heavy load in a large bag over their shoulder. Rag-pickers

can be seen alongside pigs and dogs searching through trash heaps on

their hands and knees. Other common jobs are the collecting of firewood,

tending to animals, street vending, dyeing, begging, prostitution and

domestic labor. Children that work are not only subject to the strains and

hazards of their labor, but are also denied the education or training that

could enable them to escape the poverty trap.

Hug Human provides non-formal street schools to ensure that working

children get at least a basic education. We nurture community support for

our schools and seek to mainstream suitable children into the government

education system. We also provide popular and practical vocational

training where older children can learn skills while also earning some

money.

HIV AIDS

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The HIV/AIDS rate amongst Indian adults is 0.7% and so has not yet

reached the epidemic rates experienced in Southern Africa. However, this

still represents 5 million people, or about 1 in 7 in of those in the world

who have the disease. The rate amongst children is lower, but because

street children are far more sexually active than their Indian peers and

because many are even prostitutes they are thus hugely at risk of

contracting the disease. AIDS awareness, testing and treatment exist, but

less so for street children than other demographic groups.

Hug Human provides nutrition, medical treatment, plus hygiene and

reproductive health education to 1250 children in our street schools and

homes. We run an AIDS awareness program targeting an additional 500

at-risk children. We also operate a Shower Bus that regularly visits street

points and offers on-the-spot showers and cleansing products. We employ

several full-time nurses and have relationships with hospitals that are

willing to treat our children for free. Hug Human also provides education

on tracking malnutrition to local staff in 233 village health centres,

benefiting 33,000 rural children.

Poverty:

Poverty is the prime cause of the street Human crisis. People from well-

off families do not need to work, or beg. They live in houses, eat well, go

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to school, and are likely to be healthy and emotionally secure. Poverty

dumps a crowd of problems onto a family. Not only do these problems

cause suffering, but they also conspire to keep the child poor throughout

his/her life. In order to survive, a poor in India will probably be forced to

sacrifice education and training; without skills the child will, as an adult,

remain at the bottom of the economic heap.

The root causes of poverty are beyond a single NGO’s power to change,

but Hug Human believes in helping where it can. Street schools provide

some education, as does mainstreaming of children into government

schools and offering scholarships to private schools. Vocational training

centre are a pragmatic, but powerful, tool to assist children in escaping

the poverty trap. Children at these centers learn skills such as jewellery

making and tailoring which can prove more valuable to them than

additional formal schooling. The money children earn at the centers

Alleviates some of their poverty, and encourages the child and his/her

parents to choose vocational training over child labor. Hug Human has

also been active in promoting Child Rights.

Homelessness:

Street population in India may be homeless because their family is

homeless through poverty or migration, or because they have been

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abandoned, orphaned or have run away. It is not unusual to see whole

families living on the sidewalks of Jaipur, or rows of individual person

sleeping around the railway station.

Homeless population has the odds stacked against them. They are

exposed to the elements, have an uncertain supply of food, are likely miss

out on education and medical treatment, and are at high risk of suffering

addiction, abuse and illness. A single person alone on the streets is

especially vulnerable.

Hug Human prioritizes homeless street people. For them we provide:

repatriation to their families, temporary and permanent shelter, street

schools, vocational training, nutrition, medical treatment, shower

facilities, AIDS awareness and a help line.

Education to poor children

Hug Human works as a catalyst to change the lives of underprivileged

children and youth and give them a better future. Through more than 100

educations, healthcare, livelihood and girl child oriented programmes

spread throughout India, the Foundation facilitates individuals,corporate

and institutions to invest in social initiatives aimed at the welfare of poor

and needy children.

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NATURAL DISASTERS

A natural disaster is the consequence of a natural hazard.(e.g. volcanic

eruption, earth quake, and landslide) which moves from potential in to an

active phase, and as a result affects human activities.

Human vulnerability, exacerbated by the lack of planning or lack of

appropriate emergency management, leads to financial, structural, and

human losses. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the

population to support or resist the disaster, their resilience. This

understanding is concentrated in the formulation: “disasters occur when

hazards meet vulnerability“.

A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas

without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The

term natural has consequently been disputed because the events simply

are not hazards or disasters without human involvement.

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INDIA

Natural disasters in India, many of them related to the climate of India,

cause massive losses of Indian life and property. Droughts, flash floods,

cyclones, avalanches, landslides brought on by torrential rains, and

snowstorms pose the greatest threats. Other dangers include frequent

summer dust storms, which usually track from north to south; they cause

extensive property damage in North India[1] and deposit large amounts of

dust from arid regions. Hail is also common in parts of India, causing

severe damage to standing crops such as rice and wheat.

Landslides are common in the Lower Himalayas. The young age of the

region's hills result in labile rock formations, which are susceptible to

slippages. Rising population and development pressures, particularly

from logging and tourism, cause deforestation. The result is denuded

hillsides which exacerbate the severity of landslides, since tree cover

impedes the downhill flow of water.[2] Parts of the Western Ghats also

suffer from low-intensity landslides. Avalanches occurrences are

common in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim.

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Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. The heavy

southwest monsoon rains cause the Brahmaputra and other rivers to

distend their banks, often flooding surrounding areas. Though they

provide rice paddy farmers with a largely dependable source of natural

irrigation and fertilization, the floods can kill thousands and displace

millions. Excess, erratic, or untimely monsoon rainfall may also wash

away or otherwise ruin crops. Almost all of India is flood- prone, and

extreme precipitation events, such as flash floods and torrential rains,

have become increasingly common in central India over the past several

decades, coinciding with rising temperatures. Mean annual precipitation

totals have remained steady due to the declining frequency of weather

systems that generate moderate amounts of rain.

Natural hazards:

Natural hazards are natural events that threaten lives, property, and other

assets. Often, natural hazards can be predicted. They tend to occur

repeatedly in the same geographical locations because they are related to

weather patterns or physical characteristics of an area.

Natural hazards such as flood, fire, earthquake, tornado, and

windstorms affect thousands of people every year. We need to know

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what our risks are from natural hazards and take sensible precautions to

protect our families, our communities, and ourselves.

Here is the list of some natural hazards: -

 Floods

 Tornadoes

 Hurricanes

 Thunderstorms and Lightning

 Winter Storms and Extreme Cold

 Extreme Heat

 Earthquakes

 Volcanoes

 Landslide and Debris Flow (Mudslide)

 Tsunamis

 Fires

 Wildfires

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 Ten deadliest natural disasters

Rank Death Toll

Event Location Date
(Estimate)
July,
1931 China 1,000,000–
1. China November,
floods 2,500,000*[1]
1931
1887 Yellow September, 900,000–
2. China
River flood October, 1887 2,000,000[2]
Shaanxi
1556 Shaanxi January 23,
3. Province, 830,000[3]
earthquake 1556
China
East Pakistan
1970 Bhola November 13,
4. (now 500,000[1]
cyclone 1970
Bangladesh)
1839 India November 25,
5. India 300,000[citation needed]
Cyclone 1839
526 Antioch Antioch,
6. May 526 250,000-300,000
earthquake Turkey
2010 Haiti Port-au- January 12,
7. 250,000[4]
earthquake Prince, Haiti 2010
1976 Tangshan Tangshan,
8. July 28, 1976 242,419[1]
earthquake Hebei, China
9. 1920 Haiyuan Haiyuan, December 16, 234,117[1]
earthquake Ningxia-

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 Gansu, China 1920
Southeast
Asia, South
2004 Indian December 26,
10. Asia, Arabian 230,210
Ocean Tsunami 2004
Peninsula,
East Africa

Flood:

Flood effects can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or

very large, affecting entire river basins and multiple states.

However, all floods are not alike. Some floods develop slowly,

sometimes over a period of days. But flash floods can develop quickly,

sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain.

Flash floods often have a dangerous wall of roaring water that carries

rocks, mud, and other debris and can sweep away most things in its path.

Overland flooding occurs outside a defined river or stream, such as when

a levee is breached, but still can be destructive. Flooding can also occur

when a dam breaks, producing effects similar to flash floods.

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FLOODS: MUMBAI FLOOD OCCURRED ON 26TH JULY, 2005

BECAUSE OF HEAVY MONSOONS, KILLING AROUND 1000

PEOPLE AND LEAVING MANY WITHOUT HOMES.

During the Flood

If a flood is likely in your area, you should:

 Listen to the radio or television for information.

 Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of

a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for

instructions to move.

 Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas

known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas

with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.

If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:

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  Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture.

Move essential items to an upper floor.

 Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do

so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical

equipment if you are wet or standing in water.

If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:

 Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water

can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the

water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the

ground in front of you.

 Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your

car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so

safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.

The following are important points to remember when driving in

flood conditions:

 Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars

causing loss of control and possible stalling.

 A foot of water will float many vehicles.

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  Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including

sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.

After a Flood

The following are guidelines for the period following a flood:

 Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water

supply is safe to drink.

 Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or

raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from

underground or downed power lines.

 Avoid moving water.

 Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may

have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.

 Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power

company.

 Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.

 Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.

 Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden

damage, particularly in foundations.

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  Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems

as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health

hazards.

 Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from

floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals.

Tornado: -

A tornado is a natural disaster resulting from a thunderstorm. Tornadoes

are violent, rotating columns of air which can blow at speeds between 50

and 300 mph, and possibly higher. Tornadoes can occur one at a time, or

can occur in large tornado outbreaks along squall lines or in other large

areas of thunderstorm development. Waterspouts are tornadoes occurring

over tropical waters in light rain conditions.

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Cyclones

Tropical cyclones, which are severe storms spun off from the

Intertropical Convergence Zone, may affect thousands of Indians living in

the coastal regions. Tropical cyclogenesis is particularly common in the

northern reaches of the Indian Ocean in and around the Bay of Bengal.

Cyclones bring with them heavy rains, storm surges, and winds that often

cut affected areas off from relief and supplies. In the North Indian Ocean

Basin, the cyclone season runs from April to December, with peak

activity between May and November.[6] Each year, an average of eight

storms with sustained wind speeds greater than 63 kilometers per hour

(39 mph) form; of these, two strengthen into true tropical cyclones, which

have sustained gusts greater than 117 kilometers per hour (73 mph). On

average, a major (Category 3 or higher) cyclone develops every other

year.[6][7]

During summer, the Bay of Bengal is subject to intense heating, giving

rise to humid and unstable air masses that produce cyclones. Many

powerful cyclones, including the 1737 Calcutta cyclone, the 1970 Bhola

cyclone, and the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, have led to widespread

devastation along parts of the eastern coast of India and neighboring

Bangladesh. Widespread death and property destruction are reported

every year in exposed coastal states such as Andhra Pradesh, Orissa,

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Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. India's western coast, bordering the more

placid Arabian Sea, experiences cyclones only rarely; these mainly strike

Gujarat and, less frequently, Kerala.

In terms of damage and loss of life, Cyclone 05B, a super cyclone that

struck Orissa on 29 October 1999, was the worst in more than a quarter-

century. With peak winds of 160 miles per hour (257 km/h), it was the

equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane.[8] Almost two million people were

left homeless;[9] another 20 million people lives were disrupted by the

cyclone.[9] Officially, 9,803 people died from the storm;[8] unofficial

estimates place the death toll at over 10,100.[9]

Droughts

Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the monsoon as a source of

water. In some parts of India, the failure of the monsoons result in water

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shortages, resulting in below-average crop yields. This is particularly true

of major drought-prone regions such as southern and eastern

Maharashtra, northern Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, and

Rajasthan. In the past, droughts have periodically led to major Indian

famines, including the Bengal famine of 1770, in which up to one third of

the population in affected areas died; the 1876–1877 famine, in which

over five million people died; the 1899 famine, in which over 4.5 million

died; and the Bengal famine of 1943, in which over five million died

from starvation and famine-related illnesses.[10][11]

All such episodes of severe drought correlate with El Niño-Southern

Oscillation (ENSO) events.[12][13] El Niño-related droughts have also been

implicated in periodic declines in Indian agricultural output.[14]

Nevertheless, ENSO events that have coincided with abnormally high sea

surfaces temperatures in the Indian Ocean—in one instance during 1997

and 1998 by up to 3 °C (5 °F)—have resulted in increased oceanic

evaporation, resulting in unusually wet weather across India. Such

anomalies have occurred during a sustained warm spell that began in the

1990s. A contrasting phenomenon is that, instead of the usual high

pressure air mass over the southern Indian Ocean, an ENSO-related

oceanic low pressure convergence center forms; it then continually pulls

dry air from Central Asia, desiccating India during what should have been

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the humid summer monsoon season. This reversed air flow causes India's

droughts. The extent that an ENSO event raises sea surface temperatures

in the central Pacific Ocean influences the degree of drought.[

Earthquake: -

An earthquake is a phenomenon that results from a sudden release of

stored energy that radiates seismic waves. At the Earth’s surface,

earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or displacement of the

ground and sometimes tsunamis. 90% of all earthquakes – and 81% of the

largest – occur around the 40,000km long Pacific Ring of Fire, which

roughly bounds the Pacific Plate. Many earthquakes happen each day,

few of which are large enough to cause significant damage. Some of the

most significant earthquakes in recent times include:

· The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, the second largest

earthquake in recorded history, registering a moment

magnitude of 9.3. The huge tsunamis triggered by this

earthquake cost the lives of at least 229,000 people.

· The 7.6-7.7 2005 Kashmir earthquake, which cost 79,000 lives

in Pakistan.

The 7.7 magnitude July 2006 Java earthquake, which also triggered

tsunamis.

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EARTHQUAKE ZONES IN INDIA

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30
EARTHQUAKE:ON 26TH JANUARY 2001, AN EARTHQUAKE OF

INTENSITY 6.9 OCCURED IN BHUJ WHICH KILLED AROUND

13,000 PEOPLE AND INJURED 1.67 LAKH PEOPLE. ABOUT 1.97

CRORE OF POPULATION SPREAD OVER 21 DISTRICTS HAD

BEEN AFFECTED.

Tsunamis: -

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Tsunamis (pronounced soo-ná-mees), The word comes from Japanese

words “ 津 波 ” meaning harbor and wave also known as seismic sea

waves (mistakenly called “tidal waves”), are a series of enormous

waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake,

landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite. A tsunami can move

hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and smash into land with

waves as high as 100 feet or more.

From the area where the tsunami originates, waves travel outward in

all directions. Once the wave approaches the shore, it builds in height.

The topography of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the

size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the

succeeding one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small

tsunami at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away.

The highest Tsunami ever recorded was estimated to be of 524m

(1742 ft.) vertical run-up on July 10, 1958,in Lituya Bay, Alaska.

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TSUNAMIS: A KILLER TSUNAMI HIT 11 SOUTH EASTERN

ASIAN COUNTRIES ON THE 26TH OF DECEMBER 2004

KILLING MORE THAN 1,50,000 PRECIOUS LIVES.THAT

WAS OF THE BIGGEST HIT IN 40 YEARS

It was allquiet on the waterfront on the Sunday morning after

Christmas in 2004 at Kanyakumari, the famous Marina Beach in

Chennai and elsewhere on the Kerala coast and Andaman Nicober

Islands. There was the excitement of a holyday with an offbeat mood

with swarms of people on the sea front: children playing cricket and

man and women on their morning work at the Marina. Elsewhere,

fishermen were putting out to sea for the day’s catch. Then all on a

sudden, a curious thing happened. The holidaymakers at Kanyakumari

were awestruck when the sea receded from the shores. 

In the present tsunami, India was the third country severely battered

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 after Indonesia and Srilanka. In India the State severely affected by

tsunami are Tamilnadu, Pondicheri, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and

Andaman and Nicober Island. The following Table.1 shows the

average scenario of tsunami devastation in the respective areas. The

data relating to the Andaman and Nicober are yet to be assessed.

Tsunami damage in India 1

Andhra Tamil Pondcherr                                
Factor Kerala  
Pradesh Nadu y Total
Population
211,000 2,470,000 691,000 43,000 3,415,000  
affected
Area
affected 790 Unknown 2,487 790 4,067  
(Ha)
Length of
coast
985 250 1,000 25 2,260  
affected
(Km)
Extent of
penetration 0.5 - 2.0 1 – 2 1 - 1.5 0.30 - 3.0    
(Km)
Reported
height of
5 3-5 7-10 10    
tsunami
(m)
Villages
301 187 362 26 876  
affected
Dwelling
1,557 11,832 91,037 6,403 110,829  
units
Cattle lost 195 Unknown 5,476 3,445 9,116  

Tamil Nadu

The state of Tamil Nadu has been the worst affected on the mainland,

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with a death toll of 7,793. Nagapattinam district has had 5,525

casualties, with entire villages having been destroyed. Kanyakumari

district has had 808 deaths, Cuddalore district 599, the state capital

Chennai 206 and Kancheepuram district 124. The death tolls in other

districts were Pudukkottai (15),

Pondicherry

An estimated 30,000 people are homeless in the Union territory of

Pondicherry. The current official toll is 560. The affected districts are

Pondicherry (107 dead), Karaikal (453 dead).

Kariakal is the most devastrated area from the Pondichery Union

territory.Where massive destruction and loss of casualities accure.This

mishalp occure because of uncover stone block.Mostly fisherfolk are

affected due to location and distance between sea and their basti

(village).

Kerala

The current official toll is 168. The affected districts are Kollam (131

dead), Alappuzha (32 dead), Ernakulam (5 dead).The tsunami that hit

the Kerala coust on December 26,2004 , were three to five metres high

,according to the National Institute of Disaster Management,(NIDM)

which functions under the ministray of home affairs.The Tidal

upsourge had affected 250 killometers of the kerala costline and

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 entered between one or two kilometers inland.pounded 187 villeges

affecting 24.70 lakh persons in the state

AndhraPradesh

The current official toll is 105. The affected districts are Krishna (35

dead), Prakasam (35 dead), Nellore (20 dead), Guntur (4 dead), West

Godavari (8 dead) and East Godavari (3 dead).

Andaman and Nicobar:

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands comprise 572 islands (all land

masses in both low and high tides) out of which 38 are inhabited, both

by people from the mainland and indigenous tribes. The islands lie

just north of the earthquake epicentre, and the tsunami reached a

height of 15 m in the southern Nicobar Islands. The official death toll

is 812, and about 7,000 are still missing. The unofficial death toll

(including those missing and presumed dead) is estimated to be about

7,000.

Fires: -

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Each year, more than 4,000 Americans die and more than 25,000 are

injured in fires, many of which could be prevented. Direct property loss

due to fires is estimated at $8.6 billion annually.

To protect yourself, it is important to understand the basic characteristics

of fire. Fire spreads quickly; there are no time to gather valuables or make

a phone call. In just two minutes, a fire can become life threatening. In

five minutes, a residence can be engulfed in flames.

Heat and smoke from fire can be more dangerous than the flames.

Inhaling the super-hot air can sear your lungs. Fire produces poisonous

gases that make you disoriented and drowsy. Instead of being awakened

by a fire, you may fall into a deeper sleep. Asphyxiation is the leading

cause of fire deaths, exceeding burns by a three-to-one ratio.

Take Protective Measures

Before a Fire

Smoke Alarms

 Install smoke alarms. Properly working smoke alarms decrease

your chances of dying in a fire by half.

 Place smoke alarms on every level of your residence. Place them

outside bedrooms on the ceiling or high on the wall (4 to 12 inches

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 from ceiling), at the top of open stairways, or at the bottom of

enclosed stairs and near (but not in) the kitchen.

 Test and clean smoke alarms once a month and replace batteries at

least once a year. Replace smoke alarms once every 10 years.

Escaping the Fire:

 Review escapes routes with your family. Practice escaping from

each room.

 Make sure windows are not nailed or painted shut. Make sure

security gratings on windows have a fire safety-opening feature so

they can be easily opened from the inside.

Escaping the Fire:

 Review escapes routes with your family. Practice escaping from

each room.

 Make sure windows are not nailed or painted shut. Make sure

security gratings on windows have a fire safety-opening feature so

they can be easily opened from the inside.

 Consider escape ladders if your residence has more than one level,

and ensure that burglar bars and other antitheft mechanisms that

block outside window entry are easily opened from the inside.

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  Teach family members to stay low to the floor (where the air is

safer in a fire) when escaping from a fire.

 Clean out storage areas. Do not let trash, such as old newspapers

and magazines, accumulate.

Flammable Items

 Never use gasoline, benzine, naphtha, or similar flammable liquids

indoors.

 Store flammable liquids in approved containers in well-ventilated

storage areas.

 Never smoke near flammable liquids.

 Discard all rags or materials that have been soaked in flammable

liquids after you have used them. Safely discard them outdoors in a

metal container.

 Insulate chimneys and place spark arresters on top. The chimney

should be at least three feet higher than the roof. Remove branches

hanging above and around the chimney.

Matches and Smoking

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  Keep matches and lighters up high, away from children, and, if

possible, in a locked cabinet.

 Never smoke in bed or when drowsy or medicated. Provide

smokers with deep, sturdy ashtrays. Douse cigarette and cigar butts

with water before disposal.

Electrical Wiring

 Have the electrical wiring in your residence checked by an

electrician.

 Inspect extension cords for frayed or exposed wires or loose plugs.

 Make sure outlets have cover plates and no exposed wiring.

 Make sure wiring does not run under rugs, over nails, or across

high-traffic areas.

 Do not overload extension cords or outlets. If you need to plug in

two or three appliances, get a UL-approved unit with built-in

circuit breakers to prevent sparks and short circuits.

 Make sure insulation does not touch bare electrical wiring.

During a Fire

If your clothes catch on fire, you should:

 Stop, drop, and roll – until the fire is extinguished. Running only

makes the fire burn faster.

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To escape a fire, you should:

 Check closed doors for heat before you open them. If you are

escaping through a closed door, use the back of your hand to feel

the top of the door, the doorknob, and the crack between the door

and doorframe before you open it. Never use the palm of your hand

or fingers to test for heat – burning those areas could impair your

ability to escape a fire (i.e., ladders and crawling).

Hot Door Cool Door

Do not open. Escape Open slowly and ensure fire and/or

through a window. If you smoke is not blocking your escape route.

cannot escape, hang a If your escape route is blocked, shut the

white or light-colored door immediately and use an alternate

sheet outside the escape route, such as a window. If clear,

window, alerting fire leave immediately through the door and

fighters to your presence. close it behind you. Be prepared to

crawl. Smoke and heat rise. The air is

clearer and cooler near the floor.

After a Fire

The following are guidelines for different circumstances in the period

following a fire:

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  If you are with burn victims, or are a burn victim yourself, call 9-1-

1; cool and cover burns to reduce chance of further injury or

infection.

 If you detect heat or smoke when entering a damaged building,

evacuate immediately.

 If you are a tenant, contact the landlord.

Volcanoes: -
A volcano is a vent through which molten rock escapes to the earth’s

surface. When pressure from gases within the molten rock becomes too

great, an eruption occurs. Eruptions can be quiet or explosive. There may

be lava flows, flattened landscapes, poisonous gases, and flying rock and

ash.

Because of their intense heat, lava flows are great fire hazards. Lava

flows destroy everything in their path, but most move slowly enough that

people can move out of the way.

Fresh volcanic ash, made of pulverized rock, can be abrasive, acidic,

gritty, gassy, and odorous. While not immediately dangerous to most

adults, the acidic gas and ash can cause lung damage to small infants, to

older adults, and to those suffering from severe respiratory illnesses.

Volcanic ash also can damage machinery, including engines and

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electrical equipment. Ash accumulations mixed with water become heavy

and can collapse roofs

Take Protective Measures

Before a Volcanic Eruption

 Add a pair of goggles and disposable breathing mask for each

member of the family to your disaster supply kit.

 Stay away from active volcano sites.

During a Volcanic Eruption

The following are guidelines for what to do if a volcano erupts in your

area:

 Evacuate immediately from the volcano area to avoid flying debris,

hot gases, lateral blast, and lava flow.

 Be aware of mudflows. The danger from a mudflow increases near

stream channels and with prolonged heavy rains. Mudflows can

move faster than you can walk or run. Look upstream before

crossing a bridge, and do not cross the bridge if mudflow is

approaching.

 Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.

Limnic eruptions

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A cow suffocated by gases from Lake Nyos after a limnic eruption

A limnic eruption occurs when a gas, usually CO2 suddenly erupts from

deep lake water, posing the threat of suffocating wildlife, livestock and

humans. Such an eruption may also cause tsunamis in the lake as the

rising gas displaces water. Scientists believe landslides, volcanic activity,

or explosions can trigger such an eruption. Till date, only two limnic

eruptions have been observed and recorded:

 In 1984, in Cameroon, a limnic eruption in Lake Monoun caused

the deaths of 37 nearby residents.

 At nearby Lake Nyos in 1986 a much larger eruption killed

between 1,700 and 1,800 people by asphyxiation.

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Landslides and Mudflows:-

A landslide is a disaster closely related to an a alanche, but instead of

occurring with snow, it occurs involving actual elements of the ground,

including rocks, trees, parts of houses, and anything else which may

happen to be swept up.

Landslides can be caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or general

instability in the surrounding land. Mudslides, or mud flows, are a special

case of landslides, in which heavy rainfall causes loose soil on steep

terrain to collapse and slide downwards (see also Lahar); these occur with

some regularity in parts of California after periods of heavy rain.

Dust Devils

Main article: Dust devil

Dry, hot, clear days on the desert or over dry land can bring about dust

devils. Generally forming in the hot sun during the late morning or early

afternoon hours, these mostly harmless whirlwinds are triggered by light

desert breezes that create a swirling plume of dust with speeds rarely over

70 mph. These differ from tornadoes in that they are not associated with a

thunderstorm (or any cloud), and are usually weaker than the weakest

tornado.

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Typically, the life cycle of a dust devil is a few minutes or less, although

they can last much longer. Although usually harmless, they have been

known to cause minor damage. They can blow vehicles off the road and

could damage your eyes by blowing dust into them.

MANMADE DISASTERS

Under the man made disasters: -

 Cutting the trees which increases Global warming

 Using to much plastic items for consumption which affects lot

 Using of Vehicle was increasing day by day which cause increase

in pollution.

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Working Experience: -

It was great experience to work with Hug human and help them to

provide lots of information regarding the natural disaster, which helps

any one to protect him and take various precautions to minimize the

effect of disasters. These projects remember me when flood came to

district shivrinarayan in Chhattisgarh near by my home town were I have

seen the conditions and Help them with the help of my school.

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 CONCLUSION

It was a great experience for all of us working with an NGO. It

helped us to develop a sense of social responsibility. By observing the
orphans living together happily, though they miss the love of parents,
inspired us to love people around us and live a purposeful life, which is of
some use to others. It was the first time we came out of our comforts and
saw people fighting with problems, we realized the importance of money
that many of us spend lavishly on unnecessary things, we are proud to
inform you that each one of us has decided to contribute a part of our
pocket money for orphanage every month. We are now left with many
reasons to make our lives worth living. The insights of these activities
have raised our conscience and we are determined to help our fellow
beings.

Natural and manmade disasters are occurring with increasing

frequency worldwide, but we are lacking in preparedness and post
disaster management. The attitude has to shift from spending money after
a disaster to investing in technology that can prevent, control and warn
such disaster. In the end we would like to thank RAMAIAH INSTITUTE
OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES to give us this beautiful opportunity to
work with an NGO.

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