Project 733 SFP 2P - om - 1002 16/09/92 Sh. 96 CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT PLANT OPERATING MANUAL BRINE SYSTEM SCOPE The main’ purpose of brine processing if to resaturate the depleted brine, coming from the électrolyzers, by adding the quantity of sait which has been electrolysed. In the meantime, the impurities introduced together with the salt are removed first by chemical treatment clarification and filtration and then by ion-exchange resin treatment in order to avoid their adverse effects on cell operation. Furthermore, the brine system allows to removng js dissolved chlorine and to control chlorate format” to adjust brine temperature and pH in order to? the best conditions for brine purificat/ i electrolyzers operation. ptiean ae ’ / % ; 48s is more Brine sections The. brine system is composed of the fi. in easier sections : salt during the - brine dechlorination pppeipensecitationss 54. e£ ions exchange ~ brine primary purification > brine-primary-fiitration ~ brine secondary filtration = brine, secondary purification ibe “trom brine wees r yee steps. The brine dechlorination, Ses O ne, primary filtration sections are des: IM4e in ¢) total brine flow rate coming either asc aene nT plant -or~from. the.-existing membrane p: last~—two-sections, _ brine . secondary purification, are designed to treat the | r required for the operation of’ the present Tgomplishea ne um s “through an“CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT’ Froject 133, SEP : 2p = om - 1002 PLANT OPERATING MANUAL j 16/09/92 | sn. 97 b 1.2.1 Depleted chlorate Secomposition (see dwg.5~AM=100373002) nem Depleted brine coming from the ‘efsting plant is . collected in tank D-501 and sent by P. 501 tc DM sope Where it is mixed with the depleted brine coming from the-new-plant. Hen- fi Pune t | es Depleted brine from membrane electrolyzers usually 5 contains 0,3 gpl dissolved chlorine at a pH of about 365-4 and 1.0 gpl (as available chlorine) of hypochlorous ions. Available chlorine must be removed before the brine is made alkaline for resaturation and purification. The dechlorination of the whole depleted brine stieam is 5 essential because : ~ impurities removal in the treatment process is more difficult in presence of hypochlorite.” high free chlorine content determines an easier dissolution of impurities from the salt duting the brine saturation. i 7 gvallable chlorine. affects, lite ‘st. jong | Gkenaude resin. To remove completely the dissolved 1 chlorine from brine, the dechlorination is accomplished ij n three steps. ie a The fitst stage of dechlorination is made in the vacuum a dechlorination tower C 5010 where the chlorine content in brine is reduced to about 50 ppm. b i : Ps The second stage of di ; 7 chemical reduction of sulphite, ©! lechlorination is accomplished via chlorine performed with sodiume : 4 z zp =!om - 1002 _ PLANT OPERATING MANUAL | 16/09/92 Sh. 98 The acidic brine solution is then fed to the chlorate reactor R 5050 where chlorate decomposition is accomplished. The acid added in the chlorate reactor R 5050 is the stoichiometric quantity needed to decompose the chlorates formed in the electrolyzers ‘following the Naclo, + 6 HCl - > NaCl + 3Cl, + 3,0 and all the hypochlorite ions contained in the depleted brine following the reaction:: clo + HCL cl. +. #20 plus an excess in order to bring pH of brine feeding D 501@-down to 1.5-2. and low pressure steam are diffused through the bri. either to strip-out the chlorine formed by decomposition of the chlorate and to maintain the brine temperature at about 90°C. : ‘ In the reactor, chlorinated steam from ejector J oe | e The chlorine evolved in the reactor is sucked in the concentrated chlorine header. The acidified brine leaving the reactor is mixed in the brine mixing tank DM 50f0 with the main stream of depleted brine coming from the electrolyzers. The mixed stream is collected in tank D 5010 and fea to the dechlorinator C 5010 to which vacuum is applied by steam ejector J 5600 to strip out the chlorine abserbey in the brine. The stripped chlorine is sucked by the vacuum equipment after having been cooled down in E SoLa° Dechlorinated brine flows fr. dechlorinated brine tank D 51 content of about 30-50 ppm devel control to thé saturators by means of the puma > 5020 A/B. Sodium sulphite is added in the suction Line of, P..5020,,A/B) under» redox control,’ to renovac iene gesidual chlorine, Then ‘brine passes through a caters tower © 5020 filled with activated carbon om the vacuum tower to the 020 with a residual chlorine and then is pumped | under Project 733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT v aa eee aProject 733 srp ! 2P - om - 100: PLANT OPERATING MANUAL [2B om = 002 | 16/09/92 | Sh. 99 Before entering the Saturators the brine is neutralizea under pH control by Y a stream of caustic soda solution, added before mx 5020,Sn ee _ CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT 1002 16/09/92 Ish. PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 100. Brine neutralization (see dwg. 5-AM-1002) | Before entering the saturators the brine must, be treated tm order, to neutralize with caustic soda the bydrochloric acid excess used during dechlorination to bring brine pH between 8-9, following the reaction : HC] + NaoH NaCl + H,0 Brine neutralization is very important for the proper operation of the whole brine circuit. In fact an 3 ambient promo salubilization of the impui contained in raw salt. Caustic soda solution u from caustic soda supply ring before static mixer and it is ed to neutralize the brine comes added just MX 5020 provided for an efficient mixing, The addition is controlled by means of AIC 050203 acting on valve AV 050203, on the basis of brine pH measurement. A stream of the coming from tank D added to the main dwg. S-AM-1003). resin tower regeneration effluents. 5150 by means of pump p 5150 A/B is. stream entering the saturators (see After MX 5020 three Process lines are provided : 4 » rine fo £112 with neutralized brine the sodium carbonate tank D 5200. - A line to by-pass the saturators in order to adjust the concentration of saturated brine. A recycle brine line to perform the recirculation of depleted alkaline brine through the electrolyzers during the shut-down or start-up period af 5 separate group of six electrolyzers. To prevent the feeding of acidic brine to the , electrolyzers a cut-off valve HV 050221, placed ‘cn the recycle line, closes automatically ‘in case of low pi of depleted brine. i FILL OL OOP ane HHOODADDHHRADHHAHRDA PPP 2!CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT Brine saturation a TT Project 733 SFP 2P - om - 1002 PLANT OPERATING MANUAL = S. 16/09/92_|sh. 101 (see-dwg.-5-AM-1003) saturation a raw is the depleted brine the plant it having the fellewing typical x Pm max yO ¥ wie 0 salt determines. th or the resaturation and of level of the sa’ brine saturation pit shall | eas constant feeding salt at the required rate according to the load and the number of the electrolyzers in operation. | Tae Taw salt impurities suchas calcium and-magnesium Salts are dissolved in the~depleted brine faster ac compared to-Sodium chloride so: that; ‘if excessive sro unresee fav Salt were. loaded into the saturator, the impuritiés content. in the saturated brine would be higher than the normal. Pye fous Cause difficulties in adjusting the reagents flow=rates in the brine purification section in cease fo cfentinuously maintain purified brine within the specification. ekeTup water under flow. control 4g :joined’. to: the diluted brine befote entering the saturatoze. Zhe amcunt of water added hére will be that needed in gxcer to have the specified concentration of the brine feeding the electrolyzer:OHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT 2p_- OM - 1002 | zp - om - 1002 ERATING MANUAL Mepis 16/09/92 |Sh. 102 we ‘ é The depleted diluted brine~“enters the bottom of a Saturation pit through ‘four feeding pipe distributes it into the salt bed. ; The brine flows slowly from the bottom to the top ce ene Saturator in order to‘ dissolve the salt and hen saturate the brine. The saturated brine overflows from the saturator to the raw brine settling pit D 5610 where the heavy insoluble will settle. The wplisscived inpurittes sqcumlaté} in the saturatot are périodically sent,4o the ‘sludge pit by means of rhe scrgm ‘pump P 5300 A/B. The concentration of saturated brine must be as constant as possible and about 300 gpl. This concentration can be adjusted by throttling the manual valve on the by-; line of saturators! From the settling pit, the brine overflows to the raw brine storage pit D 5620 and then sent by P 5610 to the brine reactors R 5020 A/B.. . Proj. 733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT {——Pxoject 23 S Fa p+ 2P - OM - 1002 PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 5; [18/09/92 _[sn. 103 a ae Tyg | R248 Sag | KS aS 1.2.4 Brine primary purification P2 le -PSeedino—S=AM=1003), R Sve ‘ 3e2T8.8 The saturated brine is treated by means of appropriate 2,8: \ chemicals to perform a primary brine purification in ‘ es order to precipitate most of the raw salt contained 38Q 388 impurities. Bevan) Se eet The main impurities normally contained in the saturated 3 38 brine that must be removed, because they can affect seaar® membrane performances, are the following : ) RS See Sy > sulphates, which are precipitated as barium sulphate Ss by reaction with barium carbonate 1 aoa Stee F ' 2 3k z =~S0.-- + Baco, > BaSO,4, +/CO3 BUS ates ea k a si lf y - calcium, which -is precipitated as calcium carbonate m0 g x by reaction with sodium carbonate {| 8 gz, BY ecatt + Maco, > Caco, + 2Nat PERS Se RK? ; : | Rtas 3. “= magnesium, which is precipitated’ as magnesium *sagta: hydroxide by reaction with caustic soda foe enh h : a eto oust + (Staow Mg(OH)2, + .2Nat— | aX © 3 G7 eb f S sketn 8 . aos 7 oe oO S@3%y - strontium, which is precipitated mainly as strontium NN * carbonate Aides ses ) gas wae s ==> SxCO5 CR SRN | : i 8 | fhe Saturated brine from the storage pit is pumped to Sy § (the reactor# R 5020 A.and_R_5020--B-connécted -in series. | i 42 v vit i. i —~ R244 flere chemicals are added in order to preqivitate the eR RX [impurities + ipa carbonate -is \aa in_the first pau ace reactor, while taustic soda-~and sodium carbonate are i $3. $85 © jaddedin the second reactor. : STS Yo 8 i } aN £2 ~3 About ¥8% w/w barium carbonate suspension is prepared | o 28 US with eh creed tank D 5210 A/B and fed to reactor | Rg Fs yi ¥ 5020 a by pump. P 5210 a/B. “The flowrate is adjusted: esky $F PY means of flowmeter FI-050306. Feo Ae4e7 Seo te Nae A panes ten a i cS L$ About 8% w/w sodium carbonate: solution is prepared wil 5 a SSiga)tiiuted brine in stirred tank D 5200 and then pumped he re GURL x 4 as a l é= 2 = project 733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 16/09/92 _|Sh. 104 P 5200 A/B to reactor R 5020 B. The flow rate is adjusted by means of flowmeter FI 050307. The caustic soda solution coming from caustic soda Supply ring is added to reactor R 5020 B through FI 0305. The seqe: chemicals 2@dition iis very important. Kone growing rate of barium sulphate crystals is greater in ambient not too much alkaline and the resulting bigger crystals are more easily filtered; therefore barium should be added in the first reactor R 5020 A) ihe tormation” of big magnedium hydroxide. ‘crystals is improved by the presence of precipitated calcium carbonate acting as iltleating agént.) Tae Bakium \ carbonate, added in the first reactor, precipitates barium sulphate giving simultaneously sodium carbonate. Precipitation is completed in the second reactor R 5020 B by adding sodium carbonate and caustic soda solution. ferim carbonate should be- dosed on the basis of the sulphates which are really present in the brine ‘and introduced with the raw salt, in order to bring down sodium sulphateconcentration in the brine feeding the electrolyzers gpl. zi Carbonate and caustic soda shall be dosed so to react with all the calcium and magnesium introduced with the raw salt and also to have an excess of both the reagents respectively of about 0.3-0.6 and 0.1-0.3 gpl, Tr oms4ruc TARGET Sdoutd Ot Mey PFE LEVELS at Measurements of said excesses shall Control the addition of Soda ash and caustic soda. Mechanical agitators are provided in the farifiers in order to’ disperse the reagents into the belie eeskcee the formed solids’ in suspension and also to make easier the agglomeration of the small solid particles in larger ones. SS) | 2p - om - 1002 RIRIRAKGSST Project 733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT 2P - om - 1002 | PLANT OPERATING MANUAL [eo | ae 16/09/92_| sh. 105 1.2.5 © Brine settling (See—dwgs—S=aM-1004) » The insoluble compounds formed following the reactions reported above are removed from brine first by settlii To promote the 2: agent is added to the brine The brine overflowing from the second purifier is mixed with flocculating agent prepared in tank A/B ang} injected by means of metering pump P > (Spe-dwig-—S-AMI014). Svviiaddy FeoCcutans 1 aera > 2 Tests must be done, taking brine samples dir Site, to adjust flocculant concentration obtain the best performances. tre should be noted that some substances which ate \Flocculants can also act as flotation. agents if they are \added in large amounts. (ope A__concentration of (1-2) ppm in brine ( i is normall: effective. The solids settled in the conical bottom of clarifier are removed to discharge by a slowmoving rake. if, for any reason, the rake is subjected to high porgye, an alarm signalization will appear on coneson board. pereutonatic switch stops the mechanism tor very high torque to prevent mechanical damage. qu: S010 8 By ies, frm thes ‘settler (are po ategeae discontinuously to the sludge pit D'S710 A/B. an as cea. DCMaCE 15 Deve tomeaeey The drain frequency can be impurities content in the raw bu; frequency should be not less than 3 time ft Brine overflowing from the clarifier ntrel to a battery of four percobating type. To Sveqtee Tare? S060 40, Breas, , we,® CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANE PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 1.2.6 Brine primary filtration (see dwg. 5-AM-1004) Brine filters are required to remove the solids overflowing with the brine from the 5010p The plant is piuvided «ith four flow gravity 6500 ilters F 5570 A-:-D operating in parallel, thre normally in operation and one in stand-by. ‘The filter design consists of a multilayered sand filtering bed and one upper layer of anthrafilt coal. \clarified brine coming from settler is distributed by gravity to the battery of sand filters through individual hand control valves HV 050402 D} ‘The brine percolates the filtering bed from the top, leaving the filter from the bottom through the flow indicator FI 050401 A-:-D. Filtered brine is collected in D 5060 A/B. el Each filter is provided of high and very high alarms. When filter is packed, indicated by high it must be excluded from service for cleaning. el alarms, In case of very high level alarm the filter is automatically cut out of service by closing the relevant inlet and outlet valves. ‘whe back-washing is performed first by means of air scrubbing and then by filtered brine coming from D 5590 Uhrough punp P 5590. ) The filters operation and the cleaning system is performed from a local control panel where all manual operations, controls and alarm signalizations are placea The operation of each filter is made by fiv . controlled on-off valves (iV) operated by a radiata switch and by a set of push-buttons associated to the cleaning sequences of the filter and placed on th, te, \o- aforementioned panel. ‘ e Backwashing brine and sludges from filters are f gravity to the sludge pit D 5710 A/a. ee Ph y The filtered brine collected in the filterea ae ‘tanks D 5060 4/B is pumped by P5060 A/B either ts che Pas existing membrane plant under flow control (z1¢ 00503)TOWNOLOG NES CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT | PLANT OPERATING MANUAL, or to seconda: the flow requi: ry brine filtration section for treating red to the new membrane plant. Project 733 SEP 2P_- OM - 1002 16/09/92_|Sh. 107Project _733 SFP |__zp - om - 1002 ___ 16/09/92 sn. 108 CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT PLANT OPERATING MANUAL Brine secondary filtration (See—dwgs—5=AM=1005/1006), Brine polishing filters are required to completely remove the finer suspended solids to avoid accumulation of solids in the resin bed of the ion exchange towers: The plant’ is provided with tour precoat type filters F 5070 A-:-D operating in parallel, three normally in operation and one in stand-by. Prefiltered brine coming from pump P 5060 A/B is distributed to each filter through individual control valves FV 050601 A-:-D which can be operated either by the flow controller FIC 050601 A-:-D or by level controller LIC 050501. Before proceeding to the filtration the filter must be precoated. - 1 The precoat slurry is prepared in the tank D 5100 where the precoat materials is thoroughly dispersed in filtered brine. It is advantageous to add to the brine entering the filter a stream of filter aid prepared in stirred tank D 5110. i The end of a filtering cycle is indicated by the pressure in the filter. When the filter reaches the maximum operating “the filter must be cleaned. 7” *tewruve senor Aiyiz eT Meee 4-5 BRS The filter is cleaned by washing with filtered brine — pumped to the filter by means of the pump P 5090. essure, spray nozzles direct a high-pressure jet of liguia against the faces of the filter leaves, quickly removing the cake. ‘ The filter cake and the washing liguid are dischargea to the sludge pit D 5710 A/B. : ; The brine feeding each filter is kept under flow control while the filter, which has been washed the last, is Kept under level contyol to maintain a constant level in tank D 5060. The brine leaving the precoat filters is sent first through safety filter F 5080 A/B, which stops the “cellulose fibers eventually released by pressure leaf filters, and then to the acidification drum DM 5080® CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT PLANT OPERATING MANUAL. Project 733 SFP 2P_- OM - 1002 _——— 16/09/92 Sh. 109 where hydrochloric acid is added to the brine, under pH control, to bring the pH to 9-10. The brine is then collected to the Storage tank D 50700, from where it is pumped by P 5070 A/B to the resin towers C 5040 A/B/C passing through the heat exchanger E 5070. Here low pressure steam and cooling water connections are provided to allow brine heating or cooling in order to control resin operating temperature and the thermic balance of electrolyzers.1 Project 733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT 2p _- Om - 1002 PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 16/09/92_|Sh. 110 Brine secondary purification (see_duigs-—5—AM-1008/1009) “Before entering. the electrolyzers the feeding brine Passes through ion-exchange resin towers C 5040 A/B Placed in series in order to absorb calcium, ‘magnesium and strontium ions contained in the brine., “The resin utilized has a very high selectivity for metal ions so that calcium and magnesium content can be reduced below 20 ppb} Soo “When the resin in a tower reaches the maximun absorbing capacity the resin must be regenerated. The regeneration of one tower is performed every~24 hours. Z The resin towers are dimensioned so that during the regeneration of one tower the conditions for brine purification are maintained. Before putting it “in series as last tower, the regenerated unit should be resetted. The resetting brine is sent back through the rinse: line to the filtered’ brine tank D 5070 as long as .the ||\ concentration of brine and’ -the residual calcium and magnesium in the brine leaving the tower result within | the specifications? After regeneration and resetting the tower can be connected in series to the other operating tower. ~ Effluents leaving the, tower during regeneration are collected in tank 'D 5150 and sent back to saturatore inlet, og Deswer. f°, L The overall operating cycle is the following : TOWER TOWER ‘TOWER DURATION OPERATING IN REGENERATION IN RESET TIME (HRS) © 5040-a/B/¢ thy cos 36 c 5040 B/c ad 7 © 5040 B/c A 1 “¢ 5040 B/c/A oe ae 5040 c/a "a8: 7t_733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT aa PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 2P - OM - 1002 16/09/92 i ‘TOWER TOWER OPERATING IN REGENERATION © 5040 C/A 5040 C/A/B ic ic MB cS AJB The regeneration is performed washing the resin with demiwater, with 4% hydrochloric acid solution and then with 5% caustic soda solution. Hydrochloric acid is prepared in mixer MX 5140 diluting with demivater concentrated hydrochloric acid from the supply ring. In the same way caustic soda solution is Prepared in MX 5130, diluting concentrated causti¢ soda from supply ring. i The operation and regeneration of resin towers is completély automatized and controlled by logic programmer. i The PLC system consists of a PLC board, where the hardware is installed and of an auxiliary control board where all manual controls and alarm signalizations are placed. A selector switch “PLC/Manual” allows’ the selection of the control made. ; ra The programmer will’ control the operation of the pneumatic valves and the resetting pump P 5080 to ‘actuate the regeneration sequences. ‘The controller shall operate the relevant valves and P 5080 at a given sequence and check in feed-back pition (span, or closed) of all valves and the P 5080,1.2.9 | project 733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT 2p_- OM 16/09/92 ls. 312 PLANT OPERATING MANUAL. Brine storage and electrolyzers feeding (se@-dwgs—5=AM=1010/1.011) The calcium and magnesium-free brine, coming from the final purification stage, is recovered in the storage tank D 5160, from which is pumped by P 5160 A/B into the packed tower C 5160 in countercurrent with the produ chlorine, in order to preheat the brine up to a temperature of about 65-70°C, recovering some heat from the chlorine, by its _ partial cooling = and je-humidi fication. In this way, steam for brine heating and the cooling water consumption in the chlorine cooling unit are red a During start-up operation, or under certain conditions, it is possible to by-pass the electrolysis room. From the packed tower C 5160 the pure brine is fed directly by gravity to each electrolyzer through individual flowmeters. A feed brine acidification system has been provided in order to minimize the quantity of oxygen in chlorine gas. The acidification is performed either adding hydrochloric acid under pH control, from supply ring to pure brine in DM 5070 before contact tower C 5160 or individually on each electrolyzer. fers Fea rH Miyose duit Be Fate of CaLeiom aay’ MAGHE SIU During the start-up of the two groups of. electrolyzers or during the plant operation at a reduced load, the total brine flow rate is heated by means of the heat-exchanger E 5160. During the start-up of a single electrolyzer or of six clectrolyzers, being the second ‘grows > operation, the required flow-rate is heated by the heat-exchanger E 5170. _ Deane mon To avoid salt crgstallization in the during a long shut-down period, a discontingyee rote zers of the. electrolyzers with cold, chlorimeus. flushing i free, ~ brine at a concentration of 240-250 ) pure foreseen. 2 . 7407250 ap) has to be For this purpose the feeding brine sectio: i of a mixing system (MX 5170) where deplecas tikaline brine can be mixed with concentrated brine in order to Prepare) the diluted“brine required for flushing a group of electrolyzers.- After mixing the diluted brine is Geoted inj the heat exchanger E5170 before being fea ea \ i 02 a * a nan aA AKAAProject 733 SFP CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT ae e002 PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 36/08/92 |_sh. 114 1.2.10 Sludge settling (see_dwg.—5—AM-1004)— The purpose of this section is to,collect all the sludges coming from the brine system in order to recover the clarified brine which is sent back to brine system. Sludges coming from saturators, settler and filters are ; Sent ,°o sitdge pit D 5730 a/B where the sludges are Settled and then sent by the screy pump P 5350 A/B to disposal at battery limits. ghe surnatant clarified brine is recovered by pump P 5710 A/B to the brine reactor R 5020 A. PH9HONO0HKHHDS (QRONZIOO Nona .CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT 2P - om. 1002 PLANT OPERATING MANUAL 16/09/92 Sh. 96 BRINE SYSTEM SCOPE whe main purpose of brine processing ig to resaturate the depleted brine, coming from the clectrolyzers, by sSding the quantity vf salt which has been electrolysed. in the meantime, the impurities introduced together with the Salt are removed first by chemical” treatment clarification and filtration and then by ion-exchange yesin treatment in order to avoid their adverse effects on cell operation. Furthermore, the brine system allows to TMV ne is @issolved chlorine and to control chlorate format. to adjust brine temperature and pH in order to the best conditions for brine purificat: e operation. ‘stream is : i 28s is mor Brine sections s is more The brine systen is composed of the fi. ections an easier salt during the > brine dechlorination ~ brine saturation > brine primary purification > brine-primary-fittration > brine secondary filtration > brine. secondary purification £ ions exchange rine from brine, ae ion, 18 Steps. The brine dechlorination, saturation, ised prinary filtration sections are designg, total brine flow rate coming either Emote veces plant or~from. the. existing membrane p' content iast~—two—.sections, brine | secondary purification, are designed to treat the | * required for the operation of' the present. Gives sodium Bs through an . hon. tower, a ‘ fam the main > the brine Schloric acia { 1 JSecomposttion (wee-dwge5=ANLO0I2002) © Depleted brine coming fron the ‘esting plant is . collected in tank D=501 and sent hy P, $01 to PM Sopo where it is mixed with the depleted brine coming from the-now-plant. Hertel Perr Depleted brine from membrane electrolyzers usually contains 0,3 gpl dissolved chlorine at a pi of about 35-4 and 1.0 gpl (as available chlorine) of hypochlorous ions. Available chlorine must be removed before the brine is made alkaline for resaturation and purification. y whe dechlorination of the whole depleted brine stijeam is essential because : ee impurities removal in the treatment process is more Aifficult in presence of hypochlorite. , 5 pee: ies high free chlorine content determines an ae issolution of impurities from the salt during the | : brine saturation. available chlorine affects life of ions exchange yesin. To remove completely the dissolved chlorine from brine, | the dechlorination is accomplished in three steps. The first stage of dechlorination is made in th dechlorination tower C5010 where oat ace. the chi _ © in brine is duced to about 50 pam, Sulor ge qeactent : a ; sCHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA PLANT PLANT OPERATING MANUAL ate he acidic brine solution is then fed to the eiag 2 reactor R 5050 where chlorate decompos? accomplished. actor R 5050 is the to decompose the following the The acid added in the chlorate re stoichiometric quantity needed chlorates formed in the electrolyzers reaction : NaCl + 3Clz2 + 3H20 Bs e Naclo; + 6 HCl ~ and all the hypochlorite ions contained in the depleted prine following the reaction: > Cla +. H20 HClO + HEL plus an excess in order to bring pH of brine feeding D 501@-down to 1.5-2. In the reactor, chlorinated steam from ejector J 5600 and low pressure steam are diffused through the, br. fe either to strip-out the: chlorine formed by decomposition of the chlorate and. to maintain the brine temperature at about 90°C.\, * ’ The chlorine evolved in the, reactor is sucked in the concentrated chlorine header. 4 The acidified brine leaving the reactor is mixed in the brine mixing tank DM 50f0 with the main stream of depleted brine coming from the electrolyzers. . The mixed stream is collected in tank the dechlorinator’ C 5010 to which Trahoe spans ro steam ejector J 5600 to strip out the chlorine abser by in the brine. The stripped chlorine ‘is sucked ne eee vacuum equipment after having been cooled down in E SOURS Dechlorinatea brine flows from t) dechlorinated brine tank D 5020 tne Tenens content of about 30-50 ppm and then is piumpet rine level control to the saturators by means of trot petee 5020 a/B. Sodium sulphite is added in the sire of P5020 A/B under redox control, to Wotton line esidual chlorine. Then brine passes’ through aren? ex ¢ 5020 filled with activated carbon. "9" 7 Safety BinetCHLORINE, CAUSTIC SODA PLANT PLANT OPERATING MANUAL Before entering the saturators the brine is neutralized under pH control by a stream of caustic soda solution, added before Mx 5020,