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Bba - 6 Sem - Project Appraisal - Lecture 39&40

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is used by governments, international organizations, and NGOs to assess the performance of projects, institutions, and programs. M&E involves continuous monitoring to track progress and periodic evaluations to examine relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and impact. Independent evaluators and their expertise are important for credible and objective M&E reports. M&E separates activities into evaluation, which examines objectives periodically, and monitoring, which provides continuous information on progress. Objectives of M&E include learning, accountability, intervention/adaptation, and generating enthusiasm/transferring knowledge, with appropriate target groups for each objective.

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153 views5 pages

Bba - 6 Sem - Project Appraisal - Lecture 39&40

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is used by governments, international organizations, and NGOs to assess the performance of projects, institutions, and programs. M&E involves continuous monitoring to track progress and periodic evaluations to examine relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and impact. Independent evaluators and their expertise are important for credible and objective M&E reports. M&E separates activities into evaluation, which examines objectives periodically, and monitoring, which provides continuous information on progress. Objectives of M&E include learning, accountability, intervention/adaptation, and generating enthusiasm/transferring knowledge, with appropriate target groups for each objective.

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Jordan Thapa
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bba- 6 sem

Project Appraisal ( lecture 39&40)


Date:- 20&21 May

Monitoring and evaluation


Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is used to assess the
performance of projects, institutions and programmes set up by
governments, international organisations and NGOs. Its goal is to
improve current and future management of outputs, outcomes
and impact. Monitoring is a continuous assessment of
programmes based on early detailed information on the progress
or delay of the ongoing assessed activities. An evaluation is an
examination concerning the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency
and impact of activities in the light of specified objectives.

The credibility and objectivity of monitoring and evaluation reports


depend very much on the independence of the evaluators. Their
expertise and independence is of major importance for the
process to be successful.

Many international organizations such as the United Nations,


USAID, the World Bank group and the Organization of American
States have been utilizing this process for many years. The
process is also growing in popularity in the developing countries
where the governments have created their own national M&E
systems to assess the development projects, the resource
management and the government activities or administration. The
developed countries are using this process to assess their own
development and cooperation agencies.

The M&E is separated into two distinguished categories:


evaluation and monitoring.
Evaluation
An evaluation is a systematic and objective examination
concerning the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and impact of
activities in the light of specified objectives.
The idea in evaluating projects is to isolate errors in order to avoid
repeating them and to underline and promote the successful
mechanisms for current and future projects.

An important goal of evaluation is to provide recommendations


and lessons to the project managers and implementation teams
that have worked on the projects and for the ones that will
implement and work on similar projects.

Monitoring
Monitoring is a continuous assessment that aims at providing all
stakeholders with early detailed information on the progress or
delay of the ongoing assessed activities.It is an oversight of the
activity's implementation stage. Its purpose is to determine if the
outputs, deliveries and schedules planned have been reached so
that action can be taken to correct the deficiencies as quickly as
possible.

Good planning helps focus on the results that matter, while


monitoring and evaluation help us learn from past successes and
challenges and inform decision making so that current and future
initiatives are better able to improve people's lives and expand
their choices.

Differences between monitoring and evaluation


In monitoring, the feedback and recommendation is inevitable to
the project manager but in evaluation, this is not the case. The
common ground for monitoring and evaluation is that they are
both management tools.

Evaluation is a systematic and objective examination which is


conducted on monthly or yearly basis, unlike Monitoring, which is
a continuous assessment, providing stakeholders with early
information.

Monitoring and evaluation is important because:

● it provides the only consolidated source of information


showcasing project progress
● it allows actors to learn from each other’s experiences,
building on expertise and knowledge
● it often generates (written) reports that contribute to
transparency and accountability, and allows for lessons to be
shared more easily
● it reveals mistakes and offers paths for learning and
improvements
● it provides a basis for questioning and testing assumptions
● it provides a means for agencies seeking to learn from their
experiences and to incorporate them into policy and practice
● it provides a way to assess the crucial link between
implementers and beneficiaries on the ground and decision-
makers
● it adds to the retention and development of institutional
memory
● it provides a more robust basis for raising funds and
influencing policy.

Objectives of monitoring and evaluation


The following list presents the different objectives and their
consequences for the use of the method and the target groups.

1.Objective of learning
To meet this objective you collect information about the progress
of project or programme, about the intended or unintended
effects, about developments in the environment and about
obstacles that you encounter. By using this information to reflect
on points of departure and your assumptions about the problem
or about the possible solutions or the knowledge needed to find
solutions. This might lead to the conclusion that you have to
revise your automatic assumptions.

Target group: in terms of learning, an important target group are


those who are directly involved in carrying out the project or
programme. Other important target groups are people engaged in
related experiments, managers and financiers. Policymakers
should be involved in the process, particularly when reflecting on
institutional barriers.

2. Objective of accountability
The question of accountability mainly concerns whether you have
achieved the goals that have been set and have made effective
use of the resources provided.
Target group: In this case, the target group is usually the client
or financier of a project or programme. In the case of national,
government-financed programmes it is the government and
parliament.

3. Objective of intervention or adaptation


The objective of the monitoring and evaluation is to decide
whether the transition project or programme needs to be modified,
for example in terms of the activities or target groups. This step is
an integral part of reflexive monitoring.

Target group: Where adaptation is concerned, the most


important target groups in reflexive monitoring are stakeholders
and the programme management. But interventions or
adaptations can also arise from the conclusions reached by
clients/financiers as to whether the money has been properly
spent, in which case the client and the programme management
are the most important target groups.

4. Objective of generating enthusiasm and transferring


knowledge
Creating enthusiasm and transferring knowledge can contribute to
the legitimacy of system innovations and help increase support for
anchoring them in an organisation.

Target group: The target group consists of the client/financiers


and potential or existing fellow innovators, possible future
financiers and insurers, regulators or a wider public.

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