The hassles caused by stray dogs in Purok 2 Barangay Maslog

A Research Study Presented to the

Senior High School Department

of St. Paul University Dumaguete

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Practical Research 2

By:

Agir, Rosie Jane

Suelto, Jhsan Y.

Cadano, Pipper B.

Sesnorio, John Alexys C.

CHAPTER 1
Background of the Study

Introduction

When civilization began caring for and domesticating animals, the dog
owner also have the authority for the well-being and reproduction of their pets. Failure to
meet this need has several consequences, among them are the growing unsupervised
population of dogs roaming around public places. This population represents a public
health and environmental risk factor as these animals may be a source of different kinds
of community problem such as environmental pollution, dog bite incident, be involved in
predation, traffic accidents and zoonotic disease transmission (Rubin & Beck 1982,
Kato et al. 2003, Dalla Villa et al. 2010).

A large number of incidents concerned with stray dogs were reported within our
chosen community shows that the widespread of stray dogs roaming around in packs
have become a risk to residents walking alone at night and to motorists who encounter
stray dogs on the road causing vehicular accidents. This study focuses on mitigating the
number of stray dogs that also aims to prevent such circumstances to ever occur again
within the borders of Purok 2 Barangay Maslog.

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the population of stray dogs in Barangay Maslog?

2. How many vehicular accidents caused by stray dogs were reported in the past 3
years?
3. How many rabies related incidents were reported in the past 3 years?

Review of Related Literature

Centers for disease Control and Prevention defined rabies as an infectious viral
disease that is almost always fatal following the onset of clinical symptoms. According
to a survey conducted by World Health Organization stated that there is up to 99% of
cases, domestic dogs are responsible for rabies virus transmission to humans.
Moreover, rabies can be very vicious that will affect both domestic and wild animals and
will also spread to people through bites or scratches, usually transmitted through saliva.

This can be supported by a news report of an incident in Sagay City wherein a 10 years
old child was considered as a victim last 2011. Provincial Veterinary Officer Renante
Decena said that the boy who is a resident of Barangay Puey in Sagay City, he was not
able to seek immediate medical attention and died several weeks after a stray dog bite
him. In relation to, an incident in Pangasinan wherein a truck driver named Christian
Mata was seen in the neighborhood, bitten by a stray dog when he was crossing the
street last January 24, 2010. The victim was not able to seek immediate action on his
bite according to his brother. Another incident was reported in Caraga region that 70
people was killed due to rabies related problem since 2010 up to now, the regional
Department of Health (DOH) office said. Sun-Star Cagayan de Oro reported Saturday
that this was one of the findings of a consultative meeting among local officials in
Butuan City and Agusan del Norte. The health department in cooperation with the
Departments of Agriculture (DA), Education (Deped) and Interior and Local Government
(DILG), LGUs and other key partners have embarked recently in Caraga Region a
campaign for rabies elimination program Strategies developed for rabies prevention and
control are dog immunization, responsible pet ownership and dog bite victim
immunization, improve access to post exposure treatment, inter-local health financing
scheme, Private-Public Mix Partnership and intensified advocacy. An inter-agency
official report showed there are about 126,824 dogs or about one dog per every
household or one dog for every 10 persons in the whole of Caraga Region. About 65
percent of the 126,824 dog population in Caraga Region has been already immunized,
according to the DA. The of inter-agency task force for dog and human immunization
against rabies claimed lack of funds in provision of vials. Because of this, the task force
said it is implementing other methods to control dog population through castration and
impounding of domesticated stray dogs.” Just the same the lack of personnel have
hindered task force to conduct house to house campaign like for instance castration of
dogs,” said DOH Regional Director Dr. Leonita Gorgolon. From 2002 to 2006, there
were about 19,410 total animal bites cases in the region with the year 2003 posted to
have the most number of animal bites of 5,066 cases with Butuan City topping them all.
The Philippines ranks among top ten countries worldwide with the highest number of
Human Rabies death. A news article from Manila Bulletin stated that a man died when
the motorcycle he was driving collided with a sports utility vehicle (SUV) after hitting a
stray dog last December 21, 2014 along Arnaldo Highway in Barangay San Francisco,
other night. Furthermore, the motorcycle of the victim, Journey Lagsa Robrigado,
reportedly skidded and went to the other lane of the highway after it accidentally hit a
dog on the road. As a result both motorcycle and the car’s driver, Alvin Monton Anguay,
41, was taken into the police custody after the accident and will be charged with
reckless imprudence resulting in homicide and damage to property.

In relation to vehicular accident, a book which is TRIAL ATTORNEYS written by Gilman

and Bendigian, when it comes to who was responsible for a car accident, those that
were caused by a wild animal in the road are treated very differently from those that
were caused by a domestic animal in it. Accidents that were caused by a domestic
animal are typically the responsibility of the animal's owner because the owner is
expected to keep it under control and out of the roadway. This is true, regardless of
what kind of animal it is—dog, cat, horse, cow, or pet tiger.

Gilman and Bendigian. (2017)

This is relevant to our topic because in our chosen community we are dealing with the
stray dogs that can cause vehicular accidents due to the irresponsible owners of the
dogs. Reality is that even a single owner cannot take his/her part in taking care of their
pets that’s why these dogs are separated from them and lived in the street while
continue to roam around the street involving in different kinds of accidents.

Review of Related Studies

Foreign Studies

A BOOK ENTITLED DOG SENSE: HOW THE NEW SCIENCE OF DOG BEHAVIOR CAN

MAKE YOU A BETTER FRIEND TO YOUR PET BY JOHN BRADSHAW who is an Animal
behaviorist said that dogs are neither wolves nor furry humans and that dog owners
have certain responsibilities to make sure their dogs are psychologically healthy.

Bradshaw, who has spent much of his career discrediting the bad advice given to dog
owners, is the author of a new behavior guidebook called Dog Sense. The book details
what pet owners should expect from their dogs and what their dogs should expect in
return from their owners. He also stated that the post common problems that dogs
owners encounter is knowing what to do in times when a dog is misbehaving. For
example, many owners might be willing to immediately physically reprimand a dog for
jumping up on visitors. But Bradshaw says that it is wrong to do so, instead he says
owners should immediately ignore their pet completely. To clarify most dog require their
owners attention and they want people attention in general. And withdrawing that is a
very powerful signal to the dog.

Bradshaw. (2011)

https://www.npr.org/2011/05/26/136497064/the-new-science-of-understanding-dog-behavior

A research conducted by Guilloux, Panachão, Alves and Zetun, entitled Stray dogs in
urban fragments: Relation between population's perception of their presence and socio-
demographic factors. This study could help to provide a scientific base for intervention
plans in the field. The result of this study gives us knowledge that the most important
factors associated with the presence of stray dogs are the places where the owned dog
is kept. The carrying capacity has a role in determining the population of roaming dogs,
especially the uncollected garbage. This can be assessed by authorities, although may
simply transfer the problem to another area, making the dogs to disperse. The
environmental and social factors may be viewed by a cultural standpoint because the
difference in the concept of animal welfare or the public space in some areas.

This is related to our research beacuse it deals with the factors associated with the
increasing number of stray dogs which is particularly in Purok 2, Barangay Maslog
becuase of the garbage that is not dispossed properly by home owners therfore the
piles of garbage attracts the pacts of stray dogs.

Guillouxetal.(January2018)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324465151_Stray_dogs_in_urban_fragments_
Relation_between_population's_perception_of_their_presence_and_socio-
demographic_factors

Local Studies

The Marinduque Midwest College General Academic Strand Senior High School

students conducted a research entitled POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF REPUBLIC
ACT NO. 9842 OR THE ANTI RABIES ACT: EVALUATION FOR THE ORDINANCE OF
STRAY DOGS IN BARANGAY DILI, GASAN, MARINDUQUE. The increasing number
of stray populations became a symptom of a larger problem in society. The root cause
of this problem is irresponsible ownership. Because of this stray dog became one of the
main sources of rabies in the community.

This study wraps up that the policy implementation of the Anti-Rabies Act of 2007 was
successfully implemented in the year 2017 as the selected respondents had spoken.
Based on the findings, most often dog owners or residence with dogs has only one dog
residing in their home. Most number of dogs was found out to be tame having the
highest percentage 0f 70%. On the other side, 78.87% of the selected respondents
were satisfied in the ordinance for stray dogs in Brgy. Dili, Gasan, Marinduque. The
selected of barangay officials of Brgy. Dili confirmed that the schedule of rescuing stray
dogs was Monday to Sunday and there was a rescuing facility for the rescued stray
dogs where the dogs were put there temporarily.

Monteraset.al.(2017)
https://www.academia.edu/36105201/Marinduque_Midwest_College_General_Academic_Stra
nd_Senior_High_School_POLICY_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_REPUBLIC_ACT_NO._9842_OR_THE_A
NTI_RABIES_ACT_EVALUATION_FOR_THE_ORDINANCE_OF_STRAY_DOGS_IN_BARANGAY_DILI_
GASAN_MARINDUQUE

Conceptual Framework

Management Control of stray dogs

in Purok 2, Barangay Maslog

Animal needs Human needs

 Neuter/Kapon (reduce the

pollution of the stray)  Protection from the
 Shelter (lessen the stray
stray dogs.
 Awareness
dogs from the street)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Stray dogs are dangerous not just to the residents living in Purok 2, Barangay
Maslog but as well as to the environment. Therefore, this study aims to know more of
what the residents are facing. This study is not just beneficial to the researchers but
also to everyone to be aware of the causes and effects of stray dogs in the community.

This will be beneficial to the following:

Barangay officials: The one who manages the files and information of the barangay for
it will bring access to the data they need. This will also extinguish tons of paper that they
usually keep and allow to store an information.

Residents: The study will benefit the residents living to the place to be aware what
would the possible outcome of stray dogs to their own physical and emotional. It can
also access some information and can request services that they will need. The one
who can help to gather the common problem.

Society: This study can help the society to be considerate to the conveniences of the
stray dogs that giving more population that may cause harm for those people living to
that place. To know what will be the needs that promote positive and productive ideas
in society.

Researcher: In order to increase the personal knowledge of problem solving and

developing skills and interest.

Future Researcher: The ideas presented may be used as a reference data in

conducting new research. The outcome of the study will serve beneficial to the neither
present researchers or the future researchers that will give them a background or an
overview. This study may serve a bases where a new information in learning will arise.
Scope & Limitation of the study

The study will focus on Management Control of Stray Dogs in Purok 2, Maslog
Sibulan, Negros Oriental. It will be conducted by HUMSS Senior High School Students
with four members and the participants will be the residents of Purok 2, Barangay
Maslog. Our study aims mitigate the increasing number of stray dogs in Purok 2,
Maslog Sibulan, Negros Oriental.

The possible problems that the researchers might encounter while doing the
research is the time in conducting the study, the availability of the residents for they also
have responsibilities to do and lastly, the equipment and resources that are needed.
Researchers should know how to manage their time as well as to have enough patience
and perseverance for this study to be successfully done.

Definition of Terms

Stray dogs – Dogs that are currently living in the street and separated by the
irresponsible owners.

Management Control – To manipulate the action or behavior of an animal.

Neuter- To remove sex organs from animals.

Purok 2, Barangay Maslog – A place wherein we choose to conduct our community-

based research in which stray dogs are present.

Rabies – A severe and fatal disease which can be found in animals that can be pass on
to humans if affected animals bites them.

Zoonotic disease – A infections disease caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites and
spread to animals and humans.

Environmental Risks – it is a potential threat of adverse effects on living organisms and

environment by wastes, resource depletion, emissions, etc.
References

(Rubin & Beck 1982, Kato et al. 2003, Dalla Villa et al. 2010).

Lyu P (2015) Proposal on Splotions to Stray Dog Problem in American Cities

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/about.html

World Health Organization

https://www.who.int/rabies/about.en

Manila Bulletin ( news article)

https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/manila-bulletin/20141221/281883001691505

Trial Attorneys (Gilman & Bedigian, LLC)

https://www.gilmanbedigian.com/car-accidents-involving-wild-animals

Bradshaw. (2011)
https://www.npr.org/2011/05/26/136497064/the-new-science-of-understanding-dog-behavior

Guilloux et al. (January 2018)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324465151_Stray_dogs_in_urban_fragments_
Relation_between_population's_perception_of_their_presence_and_socio-
demographic_factors

Monteras et al. (2017)

https://www.academia.edu/36105201/Marinduque_Midwest_College_General_Academic_Stra
nd_Senior_High_School_POLICY_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_REPUBLIC_ACT_NO._9842_OR_THE_A
NTI_RABIES_ACT_EVALUATION_FOR_THE_ORDINANCE_OF_STRAY_DOGS_IN_BARANGAY_DILI_
GASAN_MARINDUQUE
 METHODOLOGY

This part of the research study contains the different techniques used by the
researchers about the process of collecting the data. It also shows the different tools
used in gathering information about the research study. This includes research design,
research instrument, research environment, research respondents, research procedure,
and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

A descriptive study method of research was employed in this particular study. It Is a

kind of method that tries to reveal the different patterns to work with specific phenomena
without an emphasis or pre-specified hypothesis. Sometimes these studies were called
hypothesis generating studies.

This design is used since the main problem of the study is management control of stray
dogs and the incidents they have cause to the community. Researchers collect the most
qualified information for statistical analysis for the population sample.

Research Instrument

The researchers used survey questionnaires in gathering information and data

from the respondents. The survey questionnaire used by the researchers consists of 12
questions. The first 6 questions are mainly for those respondents who owns pets. On
the other hand, the other 6 questions were for those that are residents of purok 2,
barangay Maslog who do not own pet dogs. The given questions are all answerable
with the choices provided by the researches and its purpose to seek the respondents
answer and elaborates the researchers’ study.

The researchers also conducted follow-up interviews to get additional information and
know their stand towards the issues concerned with stray dogs. We have chosen
residents who are permanently living for at least 5 years or more to have credibility in
gaining the relevant information.
Research Environment

The researchers conducted the study in Purok 2, Barangay Maslog in Sibulan

Negros Oriental to know the possible stray dogs to the given community. Maslog is a
barangay in the municipality of Sibulan, in the province of Negros Oriental. It’s the
population as result by the 2016 Census was 5,822 that represent to 9.79% of the total
population of Sibulan.

Maslog contained six Purok and one of the barangays that we have conducted is
Purok 2 that has kind and respectful environment. According to the history, Maslog is
called “Masulog” because every third Sunday of January at Barangay Masulog in order
to recount the famous legend of Sulong (the great flood) that periodically laid the old
village to waste. It features showdown presentations and street dancing.

The researchers have chosen Purok 2, barangay Maslog to be their target community
due to its massive number of stray dogs present in that certain area of Sibulan. Most of
the problems that the community have encountered in the past were mostly related to
stray dogs.

Research Respondents

The total number of qualified residents ranging from the age of 18 and above is 286
and the researchers made use of sloven’s formula to determine the target number of
respondents in regards with the sloven’s formula. The respondents of this research are
166 residents living in Purok 2, Barangay Maslog. According to our findings there are 77
males and 89 females who answered our survey questionnaires. They were chosen in
the basis of random sampling for an unbiased representation of the whole population.
According to the Encyclopedia of Survey Research Method, random sampling refers to
a variety of selection techniques in which samples are selected by chance but with
known probability of selection.

The researchers made used of random sampling method wherein the respondents were chosen by
chance belonging to the same target respondents and its population
 Male 77
Female 89
Total 166

Upon getting the number of desired respondents the researchers used the slovin's formula since there
are 286 residents living in Purok 2, Barangay Maslog. There are factors to consider also, the time and
money being spent so the researchers find a way to lessen the number of respondents using the formula

Formula:

Where.

n=sample sixe

N=known population size

E=acceptable margin of error

Research Procedure:

In order to support this study, information relevant to the study was obtained through the following
procedures:

The researchers informed Honorable Restituto Japon, the Barangay Captain of Brgy. Maslog that we will
be conducting a survey by floating questionnaires in a form of a letter and a follow up meeting with the
Captain and his secretary, after relaying all our concerns to the Brgy. Captain about our proposal, he
then gave the researchers permission to float the survey questionnaires to some parts of Purok 2 A,B
and C. The researchers chose the respondents by one person as a representative for every household.

After answering the questionnaires, follow up interview questions were asked with regards to their
current situation pertaining to the management and control of stray dogs in Purok 2 Brgy. Maslog. After
checking the answers in the questionnaire thoroughly, the gathered data were analyzed and interpreted
using the most appropriate statistical tools fit for the said study.

Chapter II

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings of the study, the analysis and the interpretation of the data. Tables
are used to highlight the descriptive information.

Table 1. Profile of the respondents

Table 1.1 Age

Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical treatment of data is an

To answer the questions and interpret the data proposed in the study, the data were
subjected to statistical treatment. The following statistical tools were used in the
treatment of data

The researchers made use of statistical tools in describing and analyzing the data
that were gathered by using two types of descriptive statistical treatments.

A. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

This will employ to determine the frequency counts and percentage distribution of
personal related variables of the respondents. This type of descriptive statistical
treatment includes the process of identifying the total number of observations
and after which counting the observations in accordance with its grouping of data
points.

After obtaining the observation, it is divided to the total number of population. The
result then will be multiplied to 100 in order to get the percentage.

Formula: %=f

Where:

% is the percentage

F is the frequency

N is the total number of respondents

100 a constant value

B. Slovin’s Formula:

Where:

n = the sample size

e = the margin of error

N = the population size

1 = a constant value
 CHAPTER II

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings of the study, the analysis and the interpretation
of the data. Pie Graph are used to highlight the descriptive information.

Gender

Female
Male
40%

60%

Therefore, the researchers can conclude that the female has the higher population than
the male ones in Purok 2, Barangay Maslog.
 Years of Residency

1-5 years
20%
6-10 years
38% 11-20 years
15% 21 years above

27%

This portion shows the number of years the participants have lived in Purok 2A-B in
Maslog Sibulan. 15% have lived here for about 6-10 years, 20% have lived here for
about 1-5 years, 27% have lived here for about 11-20 years and 38% of the participants
have lived here for more than 21 years.

20%

38% 1-5 stray dogs

6-10 stray dogs
15% 11-20 stray dogs
21 above of stray dogs

27%

1. How many numbers of participants have seen or encountered stray dogs in your
neighborhood/community?
The graph above shows the number of stray dogs that the participants have seen in
their neighborhood, saying that 15% of the participants have encountered 6-10 stray
dogs, 20% of the participants have encountered 1-5 stray dogs, 27% of the participants
have encountered 11-20 stray dogs and lastly 38% of the participants have encountered
more than 21 strays dogs in their area.
2.Do you own a pet dog? If yes continue to question number 3.

Yes No
45%
55% 4th Qtr

The pie graph indicates that 45% of the participants are dog owners while the
remaining 55% are not.
 38% 38% With leash
Without leash
None

24%

3.Would you prefer your dogs to be with leash or without leash?

The pie graph above pertains the choice of each participants whether they prefer
their dogs to be leashed or without leash. 30% says that they prefer their dogs to be
leashed, 24% says that they would not prefer their dogs to be leashed and the
remaining 38% does not own dogs at all.

10%
1- 3 years
17% 4-6 years
7 years or more

72%

4.How many years have you cared for your pet dog?
This pie graphs depicts the years that the participants have taken care of pet dogs.
Showing that 10% of participants have cared for their pet dogs for more than 7 years,
while 17% of participants have cared for their pet dogs for about 4-6 years, and lastly
the remaining 10% of participants have only cared for their pet dogs in about 1-3 years.
 24% 26%

Yes No None

50%

5.Is your pet dog bought from a pet shop?

The pie graph presents if their pet dogs are bought from pet shop or not. 26% of the
participants answered no, while 50% of them answered yes. However, 24% of them
does not own dogs. Basically, most participants have not bought their dogs from pet
shop.

6.Do you vaccinate your pet dogs with anti-rabies?

 19%

47% Yes No None

34%

The pie graph illustrates if their dogs are vaccinated with anti-rabies or not.47%
of the participants answered yes, while 34% of them answered no. however, 19%
of them have not vaccinated their dogs with anti-rabies. Basically, most of the
participants have vaccinated their dogs with anti-rabies.

7.How often do you vaccinate your dog?

 90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1-2 years 3-5 years None

Vaccination of pet dogs Numbers of Response

1-2 Years 81
3-5 Years 53
None 32

8.Do you think there is a stray dog problem in the community?

 4%

Yes No

96%

The pie graph above shows that 96% of the respondents have answered that
there is really a stray dog problem occurring in their community, while the
remaining 4% does not say so.

15%

Yes No

85%

9.Do you think the stray animal problem is fixable?

The pie graph above manifest that 15% of the participants answered that the problem
which is caused by the stray dogs cannot be fix while 85% of them still believed that
there are still solutions that can be done.
 10. What do you think are the reasons for having stray dogs in the community ?

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Irresponsible Owner Over- Breading Abandoned Puppies

Reasons for having stray dogs Number of Response

Irresponsible Owners 105
Over-Breading 42
Abandoned Puppies 19

The bar graph above conveys the reasons of the participants for having stray dogs in
their community.63% of the participants have answered that irresponsible ownership is
the root cause for having these stray dogs, 12% of the participants have answered that
their main reason is because of the abandoned puppies, while the remaining 25% have
answered because of over breeding.
 9%

Vehicular accidents
44% Rabbies related cases
If other please specify:

47%

11.What kind of dog related incidents usually happen in your community?

Dog related incidents Number of Response

Vehicular accidents 73
Rabies related cases 78
If others please specify 15

The pie graph above interprets the related incidents that usually happened in the
community. 44% of the participants have answered vehicular accidents, 47% answered
rabies related incidents and basically the most common problem that the residents were
encountering. The remaining 15% of the participants specified their other answers such
as trespassing in their territory, stealing foods, bowel deposit, and scattering piles of
trashes.

12. Do you think the public should be informed about the responsibilities of having a
pet?
 18%

Yes No

82%

The pie graph above conveys that 82% of the participants agreed that the public should
be informed about the responsibilities while 18% of the participants didn’t agree to
inform the public about the responsibilities.