ARTICLE III The liberty of abode and of changing

the same within the limits prescribed by law

BILL OF RIGHTS shall not be impaired except upon lawful order
of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be
Section 1. impaired except in the interest of national
security, public safety, or public health, as may
No person shall be deprived of life, be provided by law.
liberty, or property without due process of law,
nor shall any person be denied the equal Section 7.
protection of the laws.
The right of the people to information
Section 2. on matters of public concern shall be
recognized. Access to official records, and to
The right of the people to be secure in documents and papers pertaining to official
their persons, houses, papers, and effects acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
against unreasonable searches and seizures of government research data used as basis for
whatever nature and for any purpose shall be policy development, shall be afforded the
inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of citizen, subject to such limitations as may be
arrest shall issue except upon probable cause provided by law.
to be determined personally by the judge after
examination under oath or affirmation of the Section 8.
complainant and the witnesses he may
produce, and particularly describing the place The right of the people, including those
to be searched and the persons or things to be employed in the public and private sectors, to
seized. form unions, associations, or societies for
purposes not contrary to law shall not be
Section 3. abridged.

(1) The privacy of communication and Section 9.

correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when public safety Private property shall not be taken for
or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by public use without just compensation.
law.
Section 10.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of
this or the preceding section shall be No law impairing the obligation of
inadmissible for any purpose in any contracts shall be passed.
proceeding.
Section 11.
Section 4.
Free access to the courts and quasi-
No law shall be passed abridging the judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance
freedom of speech, of expression, or of the shall not be denied to any person by reason of
press, or the right of the people peaceably to poverty.
assemble and petition the government for
redress of grievances. Section 12.

Section 5. (1) Any person under investigation for

the commission of an offense shall have the
No law shall be made respecting an right to be informed of his right to remain
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the silent and to have competent and independent
free exercise thereof. The free exercise and counsel preferably of his own choice. If the
enjoyment of religious profession and worship, person cannot afford the services of counsel,
without discrimination or preference, shall he must be provided with one. These rights
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be cannot be waived except in writing and in the
required for the exercise of civil or political presence of counsel.
rights.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat,
Section 6. intimidation, or any other means which vitiate
the free will shall be used against him. Secret Section 17.
detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or
other similar forms of detention are prohibited. No person shall be compelled to be a
witness against himself.
(3) Any confession or admission
obtained in violation of this or Section 17 Section 18.
hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against
him. (1) No person shall be detained solely
by reason of his political beliefs and
(4) The law shall provide for penal and aspirations.
civil sanctions for violations of this section as
well as compensation to and rehabilitation of (2) No involuntary servitude in any form
victims of torture or similar practices, and their shall exist except as a punishment for a crime
families. whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted.
Section 13.
Section 19.
All persons, except those charged with
offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed,
when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be
be released on recognizance as may be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons
provided by law. The right to bail shall not be involving heinous crimes, the Congress
impaired even when the privilege of the writ of hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion
shall not be required. perpetua.

Section 14. (2) The employment of physical,

psychological, or degrading punishment
(1) No person shall be held to answer against any prisoner or detainee or the use of
for a criminal offense without due process of substandard or inadequate penal facilities
law. under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with
by law.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall be presumed innocent until the Section 20.
contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to
be heard by himself and counsel, to be No person shall be imprisoned for debt
informed of the nature and cause of the or non-payment of a poll tax.
accusation against him, to have a speedy,
impartial, and public trial, to meet the Section 21.
witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory
process to secure the attendance of witnesses No person shall be twice put in jeopardy
and the production of evidence in his behalf. of punishment for the same offense. If an act
However, after arraignment, trial may proceed is punished by a law and an ordinance,
notwithstanding the absence of the accused conviction or acquittal under either shall
provided that he has been duly notified and his constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
failure to appear is unjustifiable. same act.

Section 15. Section 22.

The privilege of the writ of habeas No ex post facto law or bill of attainder
corpus shall not be suspended except in cases shall be enacted
of invasion or rebellion when the public safety
requires it.

Section 16.

All persons shall have the right to a

speedy disposition of their cases before all
judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.