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Double DES & Triple DES: Prepared By: Sharma Hemant

The document discusses different methods of encrypting data using DES (Data Encryption Standard), including double DES, triple DES with 2 keys, and triple DES with 3 keys. Double DES encrypts data twice with two different keys, but is vulnerable to meet-in-the-middle attacks. Triple DES with 2 keys encrypts-decrypts-encrypts with 2 keys, increasing strength over double DES. Triple DES with 3 keys, which uses 3 different keys, is preferred as it has an effective key length of 168 bits and is not vulnerable to meet-in-the-middle attacks.

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102 views14 pages

Double DES & Triple DES: Prepared By: Sharma Hemant

The document discusses different methods of encrypting data using DES (Data Encryption Standard), including double DES, triple DES with 2 keys, and triple DES with 3 keys. Double DES encrypts data twice with two different keys, but is vulnerable to meet-in-the-middle attacks. Triple DES with 2 keys encrypts-decrypts-encrypts with 2 keys, increasing strength over double DES. Triple DES with 3 keys, which uses 3 different keys, is preferred as it has an effective key length of 168 bits and is not vulnerable to meet-in-the-middle attacks.

Uploaded by

durai murugan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Double DES & Triple DES

Prepared by : Sharma Hemant


hemantbeast@gmail.com
Contents

 DES Overview

 Double DES

 Triple DES with 2-key encryption

 Triple DES with 3-key encryption


DES Overview
DES Overview
Double DES
 In this approach, we use two instances of DES ciphers for encryption and
two instances of reverse ciphers for decryption.

 Each instances use a different key.


• The size of the key is doubled.

 There are issues of reduction to single stage.

 However, double DES is vulnerable to meet-in-the-middle attack.


Double DES
 Given a plaintext P and two encryption keys 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 , a cipher text can
be generated as,
C = E(𝐾2 , E(𝐾1 , P))
 Decryption requires that the keys be applied in reverse order,
P = D(𝐾1 , D(𝐾2 , C))
Meet-in-the-middle attack
Meet-in-the-middle attack
 The middle text, the text created by the first encryption or the first
decryption, M, should be same
M = 𝐸𝐾1 (P) M = 𝐷𝐾2 (C)
 Encrypt P using all possible values of 𝐾1 and records all values obtained
for M.
 Decrypt C using all possible values of 𝐾2 and records all values obtained
for M.
 Create two tables sorted by M values.
 Now compares the values for M until we finds those pairs of 𝐾1 & 𝐾2 for
which the value of M is same in both tables.
Meet-in-the-middle attack

 Instead of using 2112 key search tests, we have to use 256 key search tests
two times.
 Moving from a Single DES to Double DES, we have to increased the
strength from 256 to 257 .
Triple DES with 2-key
 Use three stages of DES for encryption and decryption.
 The 1st, 3rd stage use 𝐾1 key and 2nd stage use 𝐾2 key.
 To make triple DES compatible with single DES, the middle stage uses
decryption in the encryption side and encryption in the decryption side.
 It’s much stronger than double DES.
Triple DES with 2-key
 The function follows an encrypt-decrypt-encrypt (EDE) sequence.
C = E(𝐾1 , D(𝐾2 , E(𝐾1 , P)))
P = D(𝐾1 , E(𝐾2 , D(𝐾1 , C)))

 By the use of triple DES with 2-key encryption, it raises the cost of meet-
in-the-middle attack to 2112 .
 It has the drawback of requiring a key length of 56 × 3 = 168bits which
may be somewhat unwieldy.
Triple DES with 3-key
 Although the attacks just described appear impractical, anyone using two-
key 3DES may feel some concern.
 Thus, many researches now feel that 3-key 3DES is the preferred
alternative.
 Use three stages of DES for encryption and decryption with three different
keys.
 3-key 3DES has an effective key length of 168 bits and is defined as,
C = E(𝐾3 , D(𝐾2 , E(𝐾1 , P)))
P = D(𝐾1 , E(𝐾2 , D(𝐾3 , C)))
Triple DES with 3-key

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