Hebrew history I

Bobby Liddell

Brief Introduction

Joshua through Kings were known as the former prophets, a prophet

is a spokesman of God and

seer 1 Sam 9:9, a man of God Deut 33:1,

a servant of the Lord 2 King 9:7

A messenger

-The test of the prophet: Deut 18:15-22. Cf 1 Pet 1:9-12.

A prophet should be tested if he has been called by God: a prophet that speaks for other gods or
of himself he should be put to death. He was conscious of his prophet office.

It was accompanied by confirmation of God: miracles of God.

Prophecy in the name of the Lord (Deut 13:1-3)

The message had to be in harmony with previous revelation of God’s word.

True prophet’s message was easily discernable.

A true prophet calls back the people to the way of the Lord. False prophets tried to satisfy others
and themselves. Jer 28:3

True prophet was a man of moral behavior Micah 3:5, Jer 8:11

The book of Joshua

Introduction to the book:

1. Joshua means: “Jehovah is salvation” (Heb 4:8)

a. the Greek form of Joshua is Jesus

b. Joshua of the Tribe of Ephraim Numb 13:8. Personal attendance to Moses

Ex 17:8-13

He was with Moses on the Mount Ex 24:13

He was one of the two faithful spies.

He lived 110 years old: Josh 24:29

Buried in Timnatheeres

Joshua’s name is found in the Amarna tablets

Purpose
To show God’s faithfulness: the immutability of his word and his promises. Josh 21:43-45. The
Land promise was fulfilled. God did exactly what he said he will do.

Lessons from Joshua

a. A man who completely followed the Lord in complete surrender to him; thus, there was no
severe blemish recorded against him

b. He was a man who was prepared

1. One is not ready to serve until he is prepared

2. Jesus spent thirty years preparing for three and a half of work

3. Paul prepared in the desert of Arabia after his conversion

Three parts in the book

The conquest (1-12)

The division (13-22)

His farewell address (23-24)

Chapter 1

v. 1: Moses is dead and could not enter into the promise land.

Moses was a servant of the Lord Jehovah: what really matters is to be servant of God (Heb 3:5; Phil
2:7) (Matt 20:26-28).

Moses died at 120 years.

Mourn for 30 days.

Jehovah: the eternal one, or the self-existing one. The proper name of God.

There is no greater title than to be called servant of God (Rom 1:1, James 1:1; Gal 1:10).

Joshua was the servant or minister of Moses: is going to be the one in charge.

v. 2: The Land was given by God, but they had to go and conquer that Land.

v. 3: God fulfills his promises (Deut 11:24) (Josh 23:14).

v. 4: The borders of Israel.

v. 5: God lets him know that He will be with him (Acts 27:22-25) (Phil 4:13).

Joshua himself encourage the people (23:10-11)

Jesus assured his followers: My sheep know my voice (John 10:27-28).

Heb 13:5-6: God is our helper.

v. 6: Be strong and of a good courage: the right attitude for preaching.

The promise of God was conditional, Joshua had to do his part. There was no stronger leader than
Joshua and after his death there was no strong leaders like him.

If the people had not done his part they wouldn’t have received the land.

Josh 24:31: The people served Israel while he was alive

Judges 2:10: After that generation a new one arise who knew not the Lord.

1 Cor 16:14-14; 1 Cor 15:58; Eph 6:10.

v. 7: I can’t be strong on my own: I need to be strong on the word of God.

Joshua must do all the law, faithfulness brings blessing.

v. 8: Joshua was to keep the law of God (Psalm 1)

To meditate therein day and night.

Result will be prosperity and good success.

Choices have consequences

Faith only?

a. Joshua had to do what God commanded

b. So must we (Matt 7:21)

v. 9: third time of God saying to Joshua to be strong

why should a servant of God fear anything? God never sent one without encouragement.

v. 10: Joshua commanded the officers to command the people. A leader should be able to
delegate. He can’t have all the burden upon him. (Ex 18:11-23).

v. 11: People were to prepare food for their journey. They were to possess the land God gave
them.

v. 12: Gen 35:22-26.

This tribe wanted the land on the east of the Jordan.

v. 13: The different types of rests.

Numb 32:33

Moses is called servant three times in this chapter.

v. 14-15: These tribes should leave their families at home but they have to fight for his brethren.

“but ye shall pass before your brethren armed, all the mighty men of valour, and help them”

v. 16: “And they answered Joshua, saying, All that thou commandest us we will do”: Complete
obedience to the Lord.
v. 17-18: Acknowledging the authority of God through Joshua.

Key for this chapter: Be strong and of good courage.

Chapter 2

v. 1: They sent spies to the land of Jericho. They arrived to the house of Rahab the harlot.

Rahab was in the linage of Jesus. James 2:25.

All the women in the line of Jesus had very troubled lives: a prostitute, an incestuous and a gentile.

v. 2: The king learned of the spies.

Jericho was a strategic city to conquer.

v. 3: The king called the spies out of the house of Rahab.

v. 4: Rahab lied and keep the spies in her house: does God condone lying?

v. 5: Rahab was not justified by lying but by faith.

v. 6: Rahab hid them; did she have to tell the king where they were?

Can one conceal truth with lying?

Must one answer every question asked of them?

v. 7: Given false information, the men of Jericho went looking for the spies in the wrong place

They shut securely the gate of the city.

v. 9: How did Rahab know about the Lord of Israel?

Probably it was known of the deeds of God in the world

Probably by the spies or revelation

v. 10: it was known and said among the people.

She had faith from hearing the works of God (Rom 10:17).

v. 11: They knew that God rules overall the earth. They were discouraged because they knew the
power of God.

v. 12: She is pleading for help. She asked her to swear by the Lord: the biggest swear for a jew.

v. 13: Rahab had in mind her family first. She was willing to help them because she believed in the
Lord.

v. 14: The spies made their promises

Their trust in the Lord is evident.

v. 15: Her house was between the walls of the city

Archeology has shown that the cities had an inner and outer wall (Acts 9:25)
v. 18: Just like God gives instruction for Salvation the spies give Rahab instructions for her
salvation: conditional salvation.

There were specific directions for her to follow.

Promise of salvation

Plan of salvation

The price of salvation

The place of salvation

v. 19: There is a specific place for salvation, for us: the church.

v. 20: They made their agreement.

The spies never asked her to lie: they did ask her not to tell their business.

v. 23: They completed their mission and brought he report to Joshua.

v. 24: They came back with good report (Num 13:26-33).

Joshua prepared for the attack.

Joshua 3

v. 1: rising early is a key of productive leaders, successful preachers.

Preparation to take Jericho

v. 3: The sign would be the ark. That was the time to leave and follow the ark.

v. 4: They need to leave a space between them and the ark.

They couldn’t get near the ark

They had not passed this way before: the presence of the ark was a pledge of the presence of God,
the ark was to be their pilot.

v. 5: Sanctify: holiness and purity.

Wonders: the feeling of wonder

v. 6: Numb 4: The Levites had different responsibilities in carrying the ark.

Later, David did not follow God’s commands in moving the ark: 2 Sam 6:1-10.

David learned from that (1 Chr 15:1-15).

v. 7: Magnify: make powerful

The Lord will show Israel that He is with Joshua.

v. 10: God is the living God. The people of Canaan served false gods. Mark 12:26-27
v. 13: The waters did not stop because of natural circumstances. The Lord cut off the waters of
Jordan.

v. 15: A miracle greater than the red sea, there was no agent used (a strong wind), the Jordan was
overflowed.

Was in the first month (1 Chr 12:15)

Over 2-3 million people passed through dry land in the Jordan.

Chapter 4

v. 3: twelve men, one from each tribe, twelve stones from the midst of the Jordan, carry those to
Gilgal.

v. 7: These stones were supposed to be a memorial of this great miracle of the Lord.

To tell the children in the future generations.

There would be two heaps of stones: one at Gilgal (Josh 4:19), and one in the midst of the Jordan
(Josh 4:9)

Both contained twelve stones.

Memorial like the Passover and the Lord’s Supper.

The priest stood in the midst of Jordan until everything was finished.

v. 11: The priest stood until all the people passed over

the priest passed over with the ark.

v. 12: Reuben and half of the tribe of Manasseh agreed to help the people of Israel.

v. 14: The people feared Joshua as they feared Moses.

v. 19: 10th day of the first month, exactly 40 years minos 5 days. (Num 33:3)

v. 20: Gilgal: rolled away.

Gilgal:

-Twelve stones

-Circumsision

-Passover

-Mana ceased: they eat the fruits of the land.

-Gilgal became the headquarters.

-Samuel’s circuit (1 Sam 7:15), where he judged.

-Saul would be formally presented to Israel as King

v. 23: The Lord is the one who stopped the waters of Jordan: The stones are reminders,
memorials. We need reminders. They would know about the power of God.

v. 24: all the people of the earth would know: to have the fear of the Lord.

Chapter 5

v. 1: Amorites, Caananites: general terms referring to the people in the mountains and the sea.

Knowing the deeds of the Lord they lose their spirit.

v. 2: The command to circumcise those who had not been circumcised in the wilderness.

v. 3: Joshua obeyed the Lord.

Circumcision: cut off the foreskin.

Today: circumcision is not a sign of anything spiritual.

Col 2:11, our circumcision is spiritual. Gal 6:15,

It was a covenant between God and Abraham: Gen 17:10.

v. 6: the wilderness wandering was because of their disobedience, and lasted until the older
generation was consumed.

Heb 3:12-19

Num 14:34

Because of the evil report of the spies: 1 year for every day.

v. 8: The stayed in the camp until they recovered.

Gen 34:24-26

v. 9:

Gilgal: rolled away.

God rolled away the reproach of Egypt

Socring or deriding

Zeph 2:8

v. 10: First Passover in the promised land

v. 11: Crops that they didn’t plant: God bless them but they could not forget Him

Mana ceased: there was no need for it.

v. 13: a man: apparently the second person of the Godhead; the Word. (John 1:1-4)

Joshua needed to ask if he was a friend or a foe. As a leader he needed to know that.

v. 14: 1. The captain of the Hosts of the Lord

Joshua worshiped: an Angel would

v. 15: The ground was holy: similar to Ex 3: probably another indication of divinity.

Chapter 6

v. 1: The problem: How to conquer Jericho. The city is protected.

A walled city.

v. 2: Here is the promise: “I have given”: nothing we possess is from our own, we received from
the Lord.

When we have the promise of God there is no problem.

Leave out the promise and it becomes an impossible task.

A gift doesnot mean no conditions: Eph: 8-9, 1 John 2:25. They had the promise, not the land itself.

v. 3: Man had to do his part.

The Bible does not preach faith only.

Heb 11:30: by faith, not by faith only

The plan is given from God.

v. 4: What God demands may seem foolish to the world.

God gives specific commands; men must obey specifically.

Note: seven priests, seven trumpets, seven times on the seventh day.

v. 5: Archeological excavations found Jericho had outer walls that fell and were burned.

v. 6. God gave specific instructions: clearly stated.

v.7: Armed men were going before the ark

Compass means to go around the circle

v. 8: Joshua spoke unto the people the Word of the Lord

The people did what Joshua said.

v. 9: they did just as God commanded, they couldn’t choice any other way to do it.

v. 10: They were to be quiet, until commanded to shout at the seventh day.

v.11: six days they had to compass once.

v. 12: urgency to accomplish the work of the Lord

v. 13: they did just as the Lord commanded. God does not approve what he has not commanded.

v. 15: The seventh day: seven times.

v. 16: When God gives minute details it means something.

v. 17: the city was devoted to the Lord: nothing to be taken

Lev 27:28

Nothing to be spared except for the house of Rahab.

v. 18: If they took from what is accursed they would become accursed. They would bring a curse
upon all Israel.

v. 19: Gold silver and brass was consecrated to the Lord.

These things belong to the Lord (1 Cor 16:1-2; Mal 3:8)

v. 20: God requires man’s obedience.

What caused the walls to fall?

It was no natural circumstance: it was the power of God.

Showed that Jericho’s gods were powerless.

v. 21: why destroy all the people? Why destroy the animals? God said so.

v. 22: God’s people keep their promises.

v. 23: those who were in the house were spared, those were outside were not.

v. 24: archeological evidence shows that the city was burned.

v. 25: Rahab was saved by her works of faith.

v. 26: 1 Kings 16:34

v. 27: God promised to be with Joshua, He promised to promote Joshua, and to give Jericho: all of
these he did.

Chapter 7

v. 1: Achan committed sin and accursed all the people.

1 Chr 2:6-7

Even if only Achan committed sin, all the people was in danger before the Lord.

The thing is accursed because God said so.

v. 3: there were just a few at AI, the spies think that there was no need for all the people to go.

The soldiers of Israel fled

v. 5: 36 were killed

Joshua 2:11

v. 6: signs of mourning
v. 7: Joshua did not know the reason and asked God why.

Lack of understanding may lead to wrong conclusions

***Self-pity leads to anger which leads to idolatry***

Ex 5:22

v. 8: they turned their backs in retreat.

What would Joshua tell the people?

v. 9: the enemies would become emboldened and attack after hearing what God did.

What would that do to the name of the Lord

v. 10: Get up! Why are you lying on your face?

v. 11: Israel had sinned

they took from the accursed.

Achan hid what he took: what good is it when you have to hide?

v. 12: this is the reason why Israel was defeated: Israel had sinned. Not because God was not
powerful enough, or because the people of Ai were strong enough.

God is serious about the keeping of his commands

v. 13: Purification before a big event.

v. 14: The Lord would select them by tribe, family, household, and man by man. Did the guilty one
know that he was guilty?

v. 15: Achan had the chance to repent. He had transgressed the covenant and worked folly.

v. 16: He brought Israel by tribes, and Judah was taken.

v. 17: from Judah theZarhites: Zabdi was taken.

v. 18: at the end Achan was taken.

v. 19: confess what you have done. A chance to repentance.

v. 20: Achan said: I have sinned: this phrase does not necessarily mean repentance.

All sin is against God.

v. 21: Sin’s appeal works through the lusts of the eye, the lusts of the flesh, and the pride of life (1
John 2:15-17)

He coveted them; took them and hid them.

Luke 12:15

Col 3:15
v. 24: Messengers found the accursed thing

they brought his family and possessions

valley of achor: trouble

v. 25: Sin does not go unpunished. His punishment also served as a deterrent to others.

v. 26: they raised a heap of stones (as a reminder)

sin is appealing, deceiving, troubling. Affects others and is deadly.

Chapter 8

v. 1: God often encourages his people by saying: fear not.

Ai is given by God.

v. 2: They were to do Ai as they did to Jericho

v. 3: He sent them by night.

v. 4: sent to set an ambush

be ready.

v. 5: fake a retreat

The men of Ai would come out of the city.

v. 6: Ai would assume they had the victory

The next step of the plan:

v. 7: rise up from the ambush

the Lord will deliver Ai into your hand

v. 9: 30,000 soldiers

stayed at night with the people.

v. 10: He and the elders went up before the people

v. 14: the king of Ai went out to the battle, they did not know about the ambush.

v. 15: they fled as if they were beaten

v. 16: they were brought out of the city.

v. 17: they left the city open and unprotected

v. 18: Joshua’s spear probably with an ensign

God gave them the city but they had to do their part

v. 19: they saw the sign, the ambushers entered and burned them
v. 20: the men of Ai saw the smoke of their houses burning

they were caught in the trap with nowhere to go.

v. 22: no man escaped from Ai

v. 23: the king was brought to Joshua.

v. 24: all people from Ai were killed.

v. 25: 12,000 men and women .

v. 27: Only the the cattle and the spoil were taken for a prey, as the Lord commanded.

v. 28: it remained a desolation to this day.

v. 29 The koing was hanged

Deut 21:22-23/ Gal 3:13.

v. 30: Joshua made an altar to the Lord. Mount Ebal, became the mount of curses.

v. 31: deut 27:4-8

v. 32: a copy of the law

v. 33: Joshua gathered the people together men, women and children.

Joshua read the whole book of the law.

Half of the people were in mount Ebal and half in the mount Geirzim

Joshua 9

v. 1: seven nations in the Land of Canaan.

v. 2: Gathered together to fight against Israel.

People know what Israel did with Ai and get together to be stronger.

Those who otherwise would be opposed are united to fight God’s people.

v. 3: Gibeon 6 miles northwest Jerusalem

Hivite city (Joshua 9:7)

v. 4: Willily means shrewdly or wisely.

They pretended to have come from a long distance.

v. 8: The Gibeonites said that came from a far country.

They sought a league (alliance).

*Probably the only fault recorded of Joshua.

v. 9: They had heard of the “name of the Lord thy God and all he did in Egypt”.
They did not mentioned Jericho and Ai

v. 11: they pretend to be their servants

Their elders had said “take foo, meet and make a treat”.

v. 13: They made the lie look real.

v. 14: they made a mistake:

v. 15: Joshua made peace with them

They swore peace to them

v. 16: they realized that these people are neighbors of Israel

v.17: They came upon the Gibeonites cities.

v. 18: Israel did not smite them

The congregation murmured against the princes.

The gibeonites were allotted with the tribe of Benjamin

v. 21: The princes said “we have sworn”

let them live

They were in charge of servile work.

Deut 29:10-11

v. 22: Joshua made a mistake

Had been tricked

Had no authority to make a covenant to them

Deut 7:1-6

1 Cor 5:6-7: this is the reason why they were not allowed to have treaties with other nations: they
were a consecrated people.

v. The Gibeonites knew that Gd commanded to take the land.

Joshua was righteous and merciful

v. 27:

2 Sam 21: Saul almost killed all people.

Joshua 10

v. 1: Adonizedek, king of Jebus (Jerusalem)

Adonizedek had heard about Jericho and Ai’s destruction

v. 2: Gibeon was a great city greater than Ai

v. 3-4: Adonizedec gathers the kings to smite Gibeon.

v. 5: They went and made war with Gibeon

The men of Hebron were

v. 6: They plead for protection to Israel.

v. 7: Joshua and the mighty men of valour came.

v. 8: God reassured him

With God there is victory

v. 9: The army of Israel came suddenly

They did not waste time

They did not have extensive planning session

They did not spend days to think about it

They did not reach out to others to confer with them

Israel went from Giglal (headquarters) all night

18 miles from Gilgal t Gibeon

v. 10: The Lord troubled the enemy of Israel

Israel had another victory

v. 11: Great hailstones from God killed more enemies than Israel

One of the plagues of Egypt

v. 12: Joshua spoke to the Lord in the sight of Israel

“Sun stand still upon Gibeon”

“Moon in the valley of Ajalon”

If they escaped, they would live to

v. 13: The sun stood still

The book of Jasher: lost book (probably a source?)

v. 14: This showed the people that they are fighting against the Lord.

v. 17: The five kings were hidden in a cave

v. 18: the cave sealed for them not to escape.

v. 22: After the victory the people returned to Joshua in peace

v. 25: “Fear not”: now Joshua is encouraging the people

Putting their feet upon the neck of the enemies was a symbol of complete victory.

v. 27: Joshua slayed the kings and dropped the bodies to the cave.

v. 32: Joshua took Makkedah, Libnah and Lachish

v. 34: Joshua smote all these places.

v. 40: Joshua smote all the country: The Lord commanded.

**Be on the right side of the battle: trust that it is a just battle.

v. 43: They returned victoriously to Gilgal.

Joshua 11

v. 1: This begins the northern campaign

Jabin was king of Hazor (Canaanites)

Deborah and Barak fought the Canaanites and a different Jabin

Hazor was SW of Lake Hula, between Hula and Galilee

v. 3: They gather different people to fight against the people of Israel.

v. 4: Hyperbole

Some trust in chariots and horses, but God’s people must not (Ps. 20:7; Deu 17:14-17).

v. 6: They all went to Merom to fight against Israel

Be not afraid, I will deliver

Cut the tendons so it can’t run.

We should not trust all the strength that we gather, but in God.

v. 8: Israel came suddenly

They chased them unto Zidon

v. 9: Notice: 1 John 2:2-4

The conclusion of Ecl 12:13-14: do the commands of God.

v. 10: He killed the head

much like killing a snake you must cut off the head.

Why did they destroy these places?

Because commanded

v. 13: They burned Hozor only

v. 14: They took the cattle as a prey

v. 15: Joshua did not leave anything undone

God did not command us something impossible to do.

v. 16: Joshua took all the land

Colonial expansionism.

v. 18: They fought all but Gibeon

The battle may take a long time

Joshua 10:25; 1 Tim 6:12; 2 Tim 4:7.

v. 20: The Lord hardened their hearts

Ex. 7:13; 8:13

v. 21: They cut off the anakims and destroyed the cities

lived in the general area around Hebron

v. 22: Only Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod remained

v. 23: Israel took the whole land

give it to Israel for an inheritance

According to what the Lord said

The land rested from war

Joshua 12

On the east side of Jordan two kings (conquest in the times of Moses)

31 one kings on the west side (under Joshua)

Caleb was 85 when they conquered the land

The conquest must have taken 7 years.

Joshua 13

1-12 Give a history of the conquest of the land

Division of the land

Joshua’s farwell address

Joshua was 100 years old

v. 6: land still needed to be taken

v. 7: southwestern part of the Land

the division of the Land would be by lot

v. 8: 9 and a half tribes left on the western side of Jordan

v. 11: The geshurites in the plain of Philistia

1 Sam 8:27-28

v. 14: Levites did not have a bloke of land as an inheritance.

12 tribes are different: included Mannesseh and Epgraim but not Levi

v. 15: The borders of Reuben’s inheritance

Moses gave them the land

v. 24-28: Borders of Gad

v. 29-31: half tribe of Manasseh on the eastern side

v. 33: No inheritance for Levi: God is their inheritance.

Joshua 14

v. 1: Eleazar was Aaron’s son and ministered sacred things.

Joshua ministered in civil affairs

Spiritual and civil kingdom

v. 2: Land divided by lot

two and a half tribes had received their land, the rest received it by lot

v. 6: Caleb reminded them of Moses promise

Caleb would latwe give Achsah to Othniel for his taking Debir

v. 8: Caleb’s success was to follow the commandments of God.

v. 10: Moses promised that part of the Land to Caleb

Caleb was 85

v. 11: As strong as when he was 40.

v. 12: give me this mountain:

hill country of Hebron

Joshua gave the mountain

Inheritance of Caleb

v. 14: “He wholly followed the Lord of Israel

v. 15: Hebron was Kirjath-arba

Arba means four

Arba and his three sons were Anakims

The land had rested from war.

Joshua 15

v. 1: This chapter details the territory of Judah

fourth son of Jacob

Included in Judah’s land was the land given to Caleb and what will be Jerusalem

v. 8: Valley of Hinnom

v. 13: Caleb received his special inheritance (Jos 15:13-19)

v. 19: Give me a blessing: south was not as fertile as the north

v. 20-62: the inheritance of Judah

v. 63: The Jebusites remained in the land: they lived among the Israelites.

Joshua 16

Joseph’s son: inheritance of Manasseh

v. 10: The Canaanites were not removed

This would be the key to the later defeat of Israel (Mat 12:43-45; Eph 5:11).

Joshua 17

Manasseh.

The inheritance was on the western side of Jordan

Manasseh was the first born

Ephraim received the greater inheritance

v. 3: Zelophehad had no sons

His daughters sought inheritance for their father.

v. 14: The children of Joseph wanted more land.

They received a second portion – with permission to clear the hill country

Joshua 18

v. 1: gathering at Shiloh

They set up the Tabernacle there

The ark was first at Gilgal then moved to Shiloh

The ark was moved several times

v. 2: There were twelve tribes of Israel and the tribe of Levi

Seven tribes have not received their inheritance

v. 3: The sin of procrastination

They were so long supported by miracle, by God’s great power. They were still dependent upon
God.

v. 4: three man for each tribe to describe the land.

Cartographical and topographical description

v. 7: The Levites had no portion of land.

v. 9: they brought the report to Joshua.

v. 13: Luz is the same city as Bethel: house of God.

v. 17: The fountain of the son: Enshemesh

Idolatry

v. 28: Ramah: 6-8 miles north of Jerusalem

Mizpeh – Assembled there to deliver the punishment upon the men of Gibeah

Zelah was the burial place of Saul (2 Sam 21:14)

The inheritance of Benjamin.

Joshua 19

Tribe of Simeon: southernmost. The poorest part of the land.

v. 1: Simeon was included in the exile to Babylon

v. 2: Beersheba: key city

From Dan to Beersheba: northern and southernmost

v. 10: Inheritance of Zebulon

west of the sea of Galilee

Asher to the north, Manasseh to the south.

v. 17: Issachar’s inheritance

v. 24-31: Asher’s inheritance

v. 32-39: Naphtali’s inheritance

v. 40-48: Dan’s inheritance

v. 47: Lack of territory for Dan: they went to leshem (laish).

v. 49: an inheritance for Joshua

v. 51: Eleazer and Joshua: civil and religious leaders

At the door of the Tabernacle

According to the word of the Lord

The divided all the land

Solomon’s territory reached 60,000 square miles

Joshua 20

The cities of refuge

Three in the west of Jordan and three east of Jordan

East Jordan.

1. Bezer in Reuben

2. Ramoth in Gad

3. Golan in Manasseh

West Jordan.

1.Kedesh in Nephtali

2. Shechem in Ephraim

3. Hebron in Judah

Places to flee for refuge: when someone kills another by accident.

v. 3: The man slayer

far from the avenge of blood

v. 4: The man has to declare the reasons why he has to flee into the city.

v. 6: He was to stay there until he stood before the congregation in judgement

then he could return home

Joshua 21

The cities of the sons of Levi

v. 4: Kohatites: 23 cities

cities in Judah, Simeon, Benjamin, Dan and Manasseh.

v. 6 Gershonites: 13 cities
v. 7: Merarites had 12 cities

48 cities for the Levites

v. 18: Anathot hometown of Jeremiah.

v. 41: 48 cities

David arranged 24 courses of priests: rotation.

v. 43: All the land.

God kept his promises (Gen 12:1-7).

There is no more land to give for the Israel.

v. 45: cfr: 23:14;

Joshua 22

v. 1: They had helped the Israelites to enter in the land

seven years away from home

Moses had charged them

Now allowed to go home

v. 5: diligent heed to obey

- love God

- walk in all his ways

- keep his commandments

- cleave unto him

- Serve him with all your heart and soul

Conditional blessings

v. 8: divide and share the spoil.

v. 9: they returned.

v. 10: They built an altar by Jordan

great altar

v. 11: The people on the other side of Jordan heard of it

The children of Israel got ready to fight

v. 12: They gathered at Shiloh to go to war

they thought that the altar was for a wrong purpose.

v. 16: Phineas thought the altar was built in opposition

If so, this implied a separate priesthood.

Ten tribes united to defend the truth.

v. 17: Peor, was where they committed whoredom with the daughters of Moab

Close to Mt. Nebo

v. 19: Rebel not against the Lord.

v. 22: God knows if we have sinned

double use of the Lord God of gods: emphasis

v. 24: The altar was not build to offer there on

The purpose: a witness between us and you.

So that the children know that they are one people with Israel.

v. 30: the priest and the people were pleased with the response.

v. 31: The Lord is among us.

v. 33: War was averted. Israel was pleased.

v. 34: Altar “Ed”: for a witness that the Lord is God.

Joshua 23

v. 1: Joshua’s farewell address

1 part: 1-14

2 part 14-16

Close to death

v. 2: called for all Israel

v. 3: you have seen that God fought for you

They did not do it on their own

v. 5: The inheritance had been given as God promises

v. 6: They must keep all the law

They can’t go to the right or left

v. 8: They were not to:

a. Come among the nations

b. Mention the name of their God

c. Swear by them

d. serve them

e. bow themselves

Cleave to the Lord

v. 10: The Lord did it

the Lord was fighting for them

v. 11: Love God (Deu 7:1-7; Num 33:55; Judg 2:3).

v. 13: The command on keeping the nation pure

v. 14: God fulfills his promises. There is no room for premilenialism.

v. 15: God brings forth both evil and good: affliction and blessing.

Consuming fire (Heb 12:29).

v. 16: When… Then

-you have transgressed the covenant

- Served other gods

- Bow down before them

Then:

The Lord will be angry

You will perish quickly from the land.

Joshua 24

v. 1: Joshua called all the tribes to Shechem and give them a history lesson

v. 2: your fathers dwelt on the other side of the Euphrates

Hebrew: from beyond the river

They served other gods

It takes “Abrahamic faith” to obey the Gospel

The need for reminders of all the blessings

It’s easy to forget.

v. 4: God multiplied Abraham’s seed and gave him Isaac: goes back to all the seed line of the
Israelites.

They went to Egypt

Moses’s deeds in Egypt

They went out of Egyptian bondage.

The sea of reeds

v. 8-11: The entrance in the land

v. 14: So: fear the Lord, serve him in sincerity and truth

There is a clear mix of other gods: there was never a single people with a single religion.

v. 15: Choose:

Calvinism denies choice (debatable)

Determinism: we are determined in the creation itself.

Cfr: Rom 6:16-18

Heb 11:24-25

Deut 30:15-19

v. 16: the people backed up the decision of Joshua

v. 19: You can’t serve the Lord.

It’s impossible to be a true servant

v. 20: further warnings

The conditionality of the blessings: ethical principle in Judaism.

v. 22: they are witnesses of their decision

v. 25: The people said: we will serve God and obey his voice

Joshua made a covenant

v. 26: He wrote these words in the book of the law of God: is it this writing?

The stones are memorials and witnesses

v. 29: Joshua died at 110 years’ old

v. 31: Buried in Timnathserath

His leadership was always remembered.

v. 32: the bones of Joseph in Shechem

v. 33: Eleazar died as well.

Review:

Was Joshua a man who wholly followed the Lord?

How many cities did Kohath received? 23 cities

48 eight cities for all Levites

Joshua one of the good spies

The priest’s feet touched the Jordan

Stones at Gilgal: from the middle of Jordan

Reproach of Egypt: Gilgal: roll away

Jericho: 7 priests.

God fulfill his promise to give the whole land.

Rahab was save by faith

She knew about the Lord

The walls fell outward

The message of a true prophet and a false prophet.

Joshua was civil leader and Eleazar the religious leader

Joshua: different versions of his name.

No sound until the seventh

Conditional promise to take Jericho.

24:15: choose: free will

Instructions to Rahab

The Gibeonites deceived Joshua

Joshua did not seek counsel in God: God forbad the covenants with other people.

Achan sinned and affect all the camp of Israel.

Battle of Ai

Joshua was the minister of Moses in the wilderness.

A true prophet always knew he was a prophet.

A prophet was the spokesman of another: God.

Aaron was prophet

Tribes on the eastern side of Jordan

What did Achan take from Jericho: silver, gold and Babylonian garment.

The Perizites: a nation of Canaan

Six cities of refuge:

Son of Levi in charge of transporting the hangings and coverings: Gershonites

Rahab is in the genealogy of Christ

Joseph’s bones in shechem

Rahab was a harlot

Two spies to Jericho

2000 cubits from the ark

Gilgal: mana ceased, circumcision and headquarters

Man with the sword (The Word: Christ).

The former prophets and later prophets: Joshua: former.

Crossed Jordan over against Jericho.

Cities of refuge for manslayers.

Moon stood still

Zelophahed: daughters had their inheritance.

Mana ceased

Achan coveted the forbidden things.

12 stones in Gilgal and 12 in Jordan

They crossed Jodan

110 years and Joshua died

Joshua son of Nun

From tribe Ephraim

Adonaizedek: king of Jerusalem

Hebron

King of Hazor: Joshua 11

The book of Jasher: heroic deeds

23 and 24: farewell address.

Northern kingdom: Ephraim

The ark was moved to Siloh

Simeon southern most tribe

Ed: the name of the Altar that the tribe of Manasseh raised

A prophet was known as a seer: a man of God

The book of Judges

A book of failures.

Acts 13:20: 450 years: contradictory dates.

Probably more than one judge at the same time (?)

Judg 2:7

A generation after the death of Joshua knew not God.

A cycle of departure: depart from the Lord, oppression, cry out, deliverance.

15 judges, 13 in the book.

Chapter 1

v. 1: after the death of Joshua. There is not leader in Israel.

Israel asked who should lead the people.

v. 2: Judah will be leading.

“I have delivered the land into his hand”

v. 3: Judah gets together with Simeon to fight the Canaanites.

Judah promise to help Simeon as well.

v. 4: The Lord delivered the Perizzites and Canaanites

10 000 men

v. 5: Adoni-Bezek

v. 6: They marked him as someone who could not be a leader.

v. 7: Adonaibezek claimed he had done the same to 70 kings

They brought him to Jerusalem

v. 8: Jerusalem taken, smote it with the edge of the sword, and set it on fire.

The had not taken even having killed the king Adonizedek.
v. 9: Fought the Canaanites

v. 10: Fought against Hebron

City of the four

Hebron had been already taken (Jos 10)

v. 11: Against Debir

Same as Hebron

v. 12: Caleb promised her daughter Achsah to one who smites Kirjath-sepher

v. 13: Othoniel took it

v. 14: Achsah moved Othoniel to ask Caleb for a field.

v. 15: she asked for the upper and nether springs

v. 16: The Kenites, who were descendants from Jethro, priest of Midian.

The city of palm trees: Jericho.

Forefathers of the Rechabites.

v. 17: Judah and Simeon destroyed Zephath

v. 18: One of the chief cities

v. 19: They could not drive out inhabitants of the valley.

v. 20: Hebron was given to Caleb.

The sons of Anak

v. 21: The Jebusites inhabited in Jerusalem until the completition of the book.

v. 22: Probably Judah had taken only the southern part, the north was the fortress of the
Jebusites.

v. 23: Descry: spy out or search

Bethel was Luz

v. 24: They used a man from Bethel to show them the entrance

v. 25: a secret way to enter

They smote the city but spared the man who helped them

v. 26: The man built a city by the name Luz in the kingdom of the Hitites.

v. 27: Many cities in Israel were inhabited by Canaanites.

v. 28: Israel made them to pay tribute, but did not destroyed them.
v. 29: Same in the tribe of Ephraim

v. 30: same in Zebulun

v. 31 Asher

v. 33: Naphtali

v. 34: The Amorites made the Danites go up north

v. 35: Amorites became tributaries

v. 36: coast of the Amorites (the area or region).

Chapter 2

v. 1: An Angel came from Gilgal to Bochim.

He reminds the deliverance from Egypt: the basis for his covenant

Faithfulness of God.

v. 2: Make no covenants with the inhabitants

thrown down the altars

they did not obey.

God used the wicked inhabitants to punish Israel.

v. 3: they shall be thorn in your side

a snare unto you: the breaking of the covenant will bring sorrow upon them

v. 4: people wept: the knew it was true.

They feel repentance.

v. 5: Bochim means weeping.

They sacrificed there for the Lord

v. 6: Looking back (another source of the history).

v. 7: Joshua’s influence was lasting

His leadership is gone and now the people are making bad choices.

v. 8: servant of the Lord

v. 9: buried in Timnath-heres.

v. 10: Probably a prologue to introduce a new part of the history or to connect different sources.
Editorial adding.

v. 11: Children of Israel did evil.

Baalim: plural of Baal.

All the gods of the Canaanites.

Ashtaroth: female god.

v. 12: they changed God for all the other gods.

(Isa. 44:9-20)

1 Thess. 1:9: why?

It provoked the Lord to anger.

v. 14: Rom 8:34: we do not want God to be against us.

Anger: nostrils; furiously burning.

God delivered them: into the hands of spoilers.

They did not suffer because of God, but because of their sin: disobedience

v. 15: The Lord had warned them

The word evil: he brought calamity, affliction and adversity.

v. 16: judges were known as saviors (ASV) or deliverers (KJV).

v. 17: They would not listen to the Judges (John 6:44-45)

whoring means spiritual adultery.

Ex. 34:15

They turned quickly out of the way.

v. 18: Repented does not mean a change of mind from sin: it means pity.

Changed his purposes to them

Groaning: Ps. 106:34-45.

v. 19: they became worse than their fathers.

Stubborn: stiff neck.

v. 20-21: Ex. 23:23; 27.

v. 22: God left the nations to prove Israel.

Deut. 8:1-2

v. 23: they needed a test. The Lord wanted them to learn the lesson.

Chapter 3
v. 1-2: First oppression: Chushanirishathaim, king of Mesopotamia. 8 years and Othoniel was the
first deliverer.

Through him he would teach them war to the new generation of Israelites.

v. 3: five lordship cities of the Philistines: Gaza, Gath, Ashdod, Askelon, Ekron.

v. 4: Prove is the key word. (Judg. 2:22, 3:1, 4).

v. 5: Listed are six nations besides the Girgashites.

Israel dwelt among them.

v. 6: Intermarried with the heathen.

Joshua 23:12; Deut. 7:1-4.

v. 7: They did evil in the sight of the Lord.

The Ammonites were descendants of Lot

Moabites as well

Amalikites: Esau

Midianites: Abraham and Keturah

v. 8: Anger of the Lord was against Israel.

Chushanrishthaim

v. 9: Cycle of apostasy.

Neh 9:27

v. 10: The ord delivered the king into Othoniel’s hand.

v. 11: 40 years of rest.

v. 12: The cycle starts over.

Second oppression under Eglon of Moab, 18 years, Ehud was the deliverer.

v. 15: Benjamites: left handed.

They sent Ehud to Eglon with a present-

v. 16: Ehud made him a dagger.

v. 19: Ehud sent away those who had brought tribute

v. 21: Ehud thrust his dagger in is belly

v. 27-31: the battle against Moab.

The Lord delivered them into the hands of the Israelites.

v. 31: third oppression: Shamgar was the Judges and killed six hundred Philistines.

Chapter 4

v. 1: Fourth oppression: under Jabin, king of the Canaanites and lasted for 20 years.

Deborah was the fourth judge.

Some deny that Deborah was a judges but the Bible says so (v. 4).

v. 2: JAbin reigned in Hazor

Sisera was the captain of the host

Hazor was south west of Hula

Haroseth was 16 miles northwest of Megido.

v. 3: Israel cried unto the Lord again

Jabin had 900 chariots of iron

Oppression for 20 years

v. 4: Deborah was a prophetess.

Several prophetesses: Miriam (Ex. 15:20), Hulda (2 Kings 22:14), Anna (Luke 2:36), Philips four
virgin daughters (Acts 21:9).

Judge in Israel.

v. 6: Deborah called Barak,

Kedesh in Naphtali

10,000 men to meet Sisera

v. 7: The Lord would draw Sisera, with his chariots and multitude to the river Kishon.

The Lord would deliver Sisera into Barak’s hand.

v. 8: Deborah is the one who holds authority

Whatever his reason, he lost the honor that could have been his.

v. 9: The Lord will deliver Sisera to a woman: she is the one who will have the honor.

v. 15: Discomforted = confused Sisera.

Sisera flee seeing that the battle was lost.

v. 16: Barak pursued and Israel slew all the soldiers of Sisera

not a man left

v. 17-18: Tract between the kings: Heber and Jabin.

v. 21: Jael Heber’s wife killed Sisera.

v. 24: Jael met Barak and showed him the body of Sisera

Israel won the battle

Destroyed Jabin, king of Canaan.

Chapter 5

The song of Deborah.

v. 4: Mt. Seir in Edom

v. 7: a mother in Israel

v. 31: Chronologically, the book of Ruth fits between judg. 5 and 6.

Chapter 6

v. 1: The cycle starts again

Fifth major oppression, under Midianites seven years, Judge: Gideon

v. 2: The Israelites hid in caves for fear

v. 4: The Midianites came probably from Arabian Desert

They left no sustenance for Israel

v. 5: Hyperbole to express the number

Evil intentions against Israel

v. 6: They cried again to the Lord.

The cycle starts again.

v. 8: Remember the test of a prophet: Deut 18:22

v. 9-10: his message is historical. The historical significance of their actions.

v. 11: Land of Manasseh

Gideon was hiding the wheat.

Gideon was a farmer

v. 12: The angel gave him great assurance

A great compliment

v. 13: His question is the same theodicy question of all times.

v. 14: The Lord sent Gideon to save Israel

v. 15: Gideon recognizes his humility.

v. 16: Rom 8:31

As one man: The strength of Israel.

v. 17-18: The request for a sign, not something miraculous.

The hospitality of near eastern culture.

v. 19-21: Demonstration of deity.

v. 22-24: Gideon realizes is a theophany, he knows that God spoke to him. It is a peaceful visit:
Jehovah-shalom.

v. 25-27: Gideon’s first assignment: opposing against idolatry.

v. 27: Gideon obeyed it

He proceeded with fear

v. 28: He built an altar to the ord.

v. 29-31: they mocked the idol’s inability to defend himself.

v. 32: Jerubbaal: Baal fighter.

Preparation for the war

v. 33: Midianites, Amalekites.

v. 36-40: Gideon’s request for a sign is answered.

Chapter 7

v. 2: God wants to avoid pride among the people.

v. 3: The fearful go home

from 22,000 went home and 10,000 stayed

they would fight over 135,000

v. 4: second stage of the reduction of the army: Gideon was to follow the plan of God.

v. 6: 300 people were going to war.

v. 7: God says that is enough.

v. 9: The Lord had a plan

Past tense: I have delivered.

v. 11: God knew that Gideon was fearful. He will give him another sign of assurance.

v. 14: confirmation of victory.

It is uncertain to know how this dream fits in the narrative: is God sending the dream?
v. 16: the three hundred men carry a trumpet, an empty pitcher and a lamp.

v. 18: they ought to follow Gideon’s and the Lord’s lead.

v. 20: A nocturnal attack.

They caught the people unprepared for war.

v. 21: Every man of the Israelites stood in his place

The host of the Midianites ran and cried.

v. 22: the Lord set every man`s sword agains the Midianites

v. 23: They gathered the people from other tribes to get the Midianites.

v. 25: Oreb means raven

Zeeb means wolf.

Chapter 8

v. 1: Ephraimites came to Gideon after the battle.

v. 2: Gideon used wisdom, He encouraged them.

v. 3: God’s army must be fearless

We must be obedient

Give honor to the Lord for the victory.

A large number of people is not guarantee of strength and a small number is not guarantee of
weakness.

v. 5: Zebah and Zalmunna were the kings of Midian

v. 14: Described – Listed.

v. 16-17: He destroyed the cities that refused to give them food.

v. 21: Gideon killed the kings.

v. 22-23: People wanted to make Gideon king.

Theocracy: Buber

v. 24: The making of the Ephod: not a command from God, probably not an idol. But it was a bad
choice, people made it an idol.

v. 30: 40 years of quietness

Gideon had many wives and 70 sons.

v. 31: Abimelech his son

v. 33: As soon as Gideon died, Israel turns again to idolatry.

They forgot all that

Judges 9

v. 1: Abimelech the son of Gideon will be the sixth judge

v. 3: Abimelech wanted to reign over them as governor

Abimelech got others to promote his ambitious desires

v. 4: They gave Abimelech 70 pieces of silver

Abimelech hired people to support him

v. 5: Abimelech will do anything for his gain

Abimelech went to Gideon’s house and slew the 70 sons of Gideon.

Jotham, the youngest son, hid himself and was saved

v. 7: Milo was a military outpost, near Schechem.

v. 8: Jotham’s fable

v. 9: The olive tree is a valuable tree in Israel

v. 11: Fig tree denies as well

v. 12: Vine

v. 13: The bramble: represents Abimelech.

v. 16-21: Jotham’s application.

The test for their good intentions in choosing Abimelech as a king.

Abimelech forced his position that was not rightfully his, he was numbered with the judges not the
kings

v. 22: Three years of ruling.

v. 23: God sent an evil spirit.

v. 26: they ridiculed Abimelech.

Gaal’s conspiracy

The men of Schechem trusted Gaal.

v. 29: Gaal boasted himself.

v. 38: Where is thy mouth?

v. 42-45: Abimelech defeats Gaal and destroys the city.

v. 49: Tower of Shechem

v. 50: Abimelech conquered Thebez.

v. 53: a woman kills Abimelech with a milestone.

v. 54: being killed by a woman was a great disgrace.

*Three questions from John 6

- Does this offend you?

- Will you also go away?

- To whom shall we go?

Judges 10

v. 1 Tola th seventh judge

He judged 23 years. That’s all we know about this account.

v. 3: Jair a Gileadite: eight judge for 22 years.

v. 6: The cycle restarts

sixth major oppression

served the gods of Syria and the gods of Zidon, Moab, Ammon, Philistines.

v. 7-8: 18 years served the Philistines.

v. 10: The Ammonites fought against Israel on both sides of Jordan

They confessed they had sinned.

v. 11ff: Historical account on all the times God has delivered the Israelites.

v. 18: Mizpeh on the east of Jordan

Gilead looks for a leader

Chapter 11

v. 1: Jephthah is the ninth judge.

Judges:

Othoniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Abimelech, Tola, Jair, Jephthah.

v. 2: Gileadite, born of a harlot

v. 3: fled from his brethren to Tob.

He gathered vain men to him.

v. 4: Ammonites made war against Israel and the Gileadites brought Jephthah.

v. 7: He asks why is he called if he was despised before.

v. 9: The elders of Gilead wanted him to be their captain

Jephthah made them promise to make him their head.

v. 13: The Ammonites wanted the land back.

The Israelites reminded them that they wanted to pass through the land peacefully.

Historical setting of their conquest.

v. 23: The Lord gave the land to Israel. The Lord is the Lord of History.

v. 24: We will possess the Land.

v. 28: Why had they not recovered the land in the 300 years?

v. 30: Jephthah made a vow: whatsoever meet him after defeating Ammon he would offer it for
burnt offering.

He defeats the Ammonites

v. 34: His daughter goes out to meet him.

v. 36ff Her daughter understands that this vow is for the vow.

v. 39: For some it is obscure if Jephthah did or did not offer his daughter.

4 days a year the daughter of Israel lamented the daughter.

According to Liddell, he did not offer her.

Would Jephthah have appeared in Heb. 11?

It is related more to the virginity of his daughter.

Chapter 12

v. 1: The Ephraimites were angry with Jephthah

Judg. 8:1

They were ready to burn the house of Jephthah.

Probably they wanted to reclaim the leadership of the times of Joshua.

v. 2: He had called the Ephraimites but they did not help.

v. 5: The test at the fords.

v. 6: Their accent discovered them.

v. 7: six years judge Jephtah

v. 8: Ibzan judge for seven years (10th judge)

v. 11: Elon 11th judge for 10 years.

Judges might overlap.

v. 13: Abdon, 12th judge for eight years.

Chapter 13

v. 1: The cycle starts over

seventh major oppression, lasted for 40 years.

Samson would be the judge and would judge for 20 years.

v. 2: The wife of Manoah, of the Danites, was barren.

Zorah was a town in Judah, on the western slopes of the Mountains.

v. 3: An angel appeared to Manoah

v. 4: Nazarite vow.

v. 5: The child shall be a Nazarite. Separated to be a leader and warrior over the people.

HE shall begin to deliver the people, but he wouldn’t finish it.

v. 6-7: She told all these things to Manoah.

v. 8: Let God teach us.

v. 9-11: second appearance. She runs to tell Manoah.

v. 11: I am: divine presence.

v. 12: looking counsel with God.

v. 14: the angel gave the instructions to Manoah.

v. 15: Manoah did not know that he was an angel of the Lord.

v. 18: secret = wonderful (Is. 9:6).

v. 19: Burnt offering.

v. 21: The angel disappeared.

v. 22: We have seen God.

Judg. 6:22

John 1:18

John 4:12

Chapter 14

v. 1: 1 John 2:15-17

Matt. 5:28
v. 2: A woman from Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines.

1 Cor. 15:33

v. 3: The marriage with foreigners was forbidden

Deut. 7:3

Ex. 34:16

v. 4: This was going to be the way through which God would deliver the Israelites.

v. 6: Samson slew a young lion with his bare hands.

v. 7: pleased him well.

v. 8: Bees had made their home the lion’s carcass.

v. 9: HE took the honey from the lion and ate and gave to his parents.

Samson made a feast and said a riddle.

v. 15: They threatened Samson’s wife.

v. 19: Samson killed 30 Philistines and took the garments and spoil.

v. 20: His wife was given to another.

Judges 15

v. 1: Wheat harvest

His wife was given to his friend.

Samson burned their harvest with 300 foxes.

v. 6: The Philistines burnt his wife and her father

v. 8: Samson was avenged.

The Lord used Samson to accomplish his purposes.

v. 9: The philistines went to Judah to look for Samson

The people called to Samson and he declares that he did all things in vengeance.

v. 13: They turned him to the philistines but do not kill him.

v. 14: The Lord let him escape.

v. 15: He finds a jawbone of an ass and kills 1000 men with it.

v. 17: The place was called: Ramathlehi: lifting up of the jawbone.

v. 18-19: He thirst and the Lord clave the jawbone and drunk from there.

Enhakkore: spring of him that called.

v. 20: He judge in Israel for 20 years.

Judges 16

v. 1: Gaza was one of the Lordship cities of the Philistines.

v. 2: The men from Gaza surrounded him to kill him.

v. 3: He took the gates of the city and took them to Hebron.

v. 4: Samson loved Delilah.

Did Delilah love him?

Samson had a problem with women.

v. 5: The Philistines used Delilah to capture Samson.

v. 6-7: Samson lied the first time.

v. 8: The Philistines did according to what Delilah told them.

v. 9: He overcame because he had lied.

v. 10-12: Lied the second time. Happens the same thing.

v. 13-14: The third time.

v. 16: his soul was vexed.

v. 17: He revealed his secret.

v. 18: The motiv of Delilah was money

v. 19: Sleep shaved, strength gone

1 Thess 5:6

Be vigilant.

5 foolish virgins.

v. 20: No strength if the Lord is not with us.

Eph. 6:10

Phil. 4:13

v. 21: They left him blind. Render him helpless and unable to fight.

v. 23: Dagon was the god of the underworld, body of fish and man’s head.

v. 24: When the people saw Samson they praised Dagon for delivering him.

v. 25: Made a laughingstock out of him.

v. 27: 3,000 people.

v. 28: One last time: strengthen me.

v. 30: He brought down the house?

He slew more at his death than he did in his life.

v. 31: Judged Israel 20 years

buried in the place of Manoah.

Chapter 17

Micah and the Danites’ idolatry.

v.2: The ambiguous story of Micah and his mother. HE stole 1,100 shekels.

v. 4: 200 shekels to construct an idol.

v. 5: House of gods.

Authorized priests –not of others who made without authority.

One of his sons (not a Levite) was his priest.

v. 6: This part of the book changes in style and theme: seems more a propaganda of king’s times.

This is the problem

Man-made religion out of opinions thought to be right.

Prov. 14:12

v. 9: find a place.

v. 10: Micah offers him a place to live and a priestly position. He still was not qualified to be a
priest.

v. 12: This is not the religion of Israel. Different forms of worship inside the people, probably it
never was a united people.

v. 13: Idol gods, ephod, Levite as priest make that okay?

False hope in these religions.

Chapter 18

The account of the conquer of Dan-Laish.

v. 1: No king in Israel. Danites looking for an inheritance.

v. 2: The Danites sent five men to spy the land and arrived in the house of Micah.

v. 3: The knew him by his dialect.

v. 4: Micah hired him as a priest.

v. 5-6: The seek counsel on the Levite. He told them what they wanted to hear.
v. 7: Came to Laish: quiet and secure people.

No law or authority

Far from sidonians

v. 11: 600 men of war went

v. 12: Western border of Benjamin

They take all the gods and the ephod of Micah.

v. 19: They offered him to be a priest of the whole tribe of Dan

v. 24: god’s that he made.

v. 25: Shut up or die.

v. 27: The destroyed the city.

v. 28: The Sidonians could not help them

v. 29: City renamed Dan.

v. 30: Jonathan a descendant of Moses was caught up in Idolatry.

Ex. 2:21-22.

Until the day of the captivity of the Land.

v. 31

Chapter 19

v. 1-2: His concubine was not faithful

Went to her father’s house for four months.

v. 3: He went to meet her father.

v. 4-8: His father in law retain him for much more days.

v. 9: HE would not stay another night.

v. 12: They are not the children of Israel – we will pass over to Gibbeah.

v. 15: depended on the hospitality, man took him.

v. 17: the old man inquired.

v. 18: No man received him.

v. 20: the old man received him in his house.

v. 22: sons of Belial came and try to get the man to “know” him: sexual acts.

Know: Gwn 19:5

2 Cor. 6:15

Deut. 13:13

Rom. 1:23-28

Jude 1:7

1 Cor. 6:9-11

v. 23: Wicked, folly, vile.

v. 24: they offer them the women: mere objects of pleasure.

v. 25: The raped her.

v. 26: She fell down at the door.

v. 27: She was dead (20:5)

v. 29: He cut her into 12 pieces and sent the pieces to display the cruelty of Gibeah

v. 30: Israel was enraged – no such deed done nor seen.

Their attitude toward such a deed was that they went to war – and almost wiped out the whole
tribe.

Chapter 20

v. 1: all the people gathered

v. 2: 400,000 footmen that drew sword.

v. 3: The Levite recounted what happened.

v. 8: They vowed to take care of this.

v. 10: We will fight against Gibeah.

v. 11: together as one man.

v. 12-13: They wanted the children of Belial.

v. 14: Benjamites fight against the children of Israel. Determined to protect their sin.

v. 16: Benjamites were men of war.

v. 18: They asked counsel of God

Judah shall go first.

v. 21: Benjamites killed 22,000 men of Israel.

v. 25: 18,000 more killed.

v. 28: Phinehas, high priest.

Third time: go up.

God promised victory.

v. 35: The Lord smote Benjamin

25,100 slain

v. 43: They surrounded the Benjamites.

v. 44: 18,000 slain

v. 46: 25, 000 in total.

v. 47: 600 fled in the wilderness.

The Benjamites were utterly destroyed.

Chapter 21

v. 1: Israel had sworn not to give their daughters to Benjamin for wives.

v. 2: Israel wept.

v. 3: One tribe lacking.

v. 4: Rose early, built an altar.

v. 5: Who did not come to fight?

He shall be out to death.

v. 10: Jabeshgilead was to be destroyed.

v. 12: four hundred virgins of Jabeshgilead

v. 15: And the people repented them for Benjamin.

v. 16: Still needed wives.

v. 20: Daughters of the Levites.

They took the wives for the Benjamites.

v. 25: The book of failures.

Test

Memory work through the book of Ruth

Read the book and commentary

What is a judge and other names? Deliverer and savior.

Warrior judges: military leaders

13 judges
15 judges in total

Joshua book of conquest, judges book of failures

Samuel possibly the author

Cycle of apostasy

Hebron Kirjatharba

King of Canaan Jabin: 900 chariots

Bezek: Adonai Bezek

Benjamites: left-handed

The people served the Lord all the days of Joshua

Baalim plural of Baal

Achsa lower springs

Major oppressions: who, leader, how long, judge and how long they have rest.

Deborah a prophetess and a Judge

Manoah’s wife was barren

Samson: little son. Nazarite.

How should we raise the child?

The Lord was the source of his strength

300 foxes tied together

Ramath

Samson killed 1000 with the jawbone

Delilah delivered him to the Philistine

Barak went with Deborah

Jael slew Cicera

Deborah’s song

Riding on an ass colt: sign

Jerubaal: baal fghter.

32,000 Gideon’s army.

135,000 in the other army

Two kings of Midian: Zeba and

Gideon: made an Ephod

Abimelech son by a concubine

The fable of Jotham.

Abimelech was killed by a woman.

Adonai Bezek cut off 70 king’s toes and thumbs

Jephthah made a vow

The Ephraimites could not say Shiboleth

Major god of the philistines: Dagon

Micah’s worship

Danites took the gods and priesthood of Micah

The Gibeah story

Sons of Belial wanted to “know” the Levite.

Israelites left only 600 people of Gibeah

400 wives

200 wives from the feast of Shiloh.

Judges starts with Compromise and ends with confussion

No king in the land.

 1 Samuel

Joshua is the book of conquest: the entering into the promised land: after the 40 years of
wandering.

Israel crossed the Jordan, divided the land, Reuben, Gad and Manasseh settled on the eastern
side.

The conquest of the Land is considered an act of God; the history takes place as a process of
deliverance.

15 judges:

Othniel (Jud. 3:9)

Ehud (jud. 3:15)

Shamgar (Jud. 3:31)

Deborah (Judg. 4:5)

Gideon (Jud. 6:36)

Abimelech (Jud. 9:1)

Tola (Jud 10:1)

Jair (Jud. 10:3)

Jephthah (Jud 11:11)

Ibizan (Jud. 12:8)

Elon (Jud 12:11).

Abdon (12:13).

Samson (16:30).

Eli (1 Sam 4:18)

Samuel (1 Sam. 7:15)

Ruth pictures “the kinsman redeemer”.

-The genealogy of Christ: a gentile

Time of Samuel

Transition from tribal living to a kingdom: the theocracy is still the paradigm.

Gen. 17:6

Deut. 17:14-15

1 Sam 8:4-20
The united kingdom.

Saul was the first king over Israel (1095-1055 BCE).

David followed Saul (

Divided kingdom.

19 kings of Israel (all were evil).

Jeroboam (1 Kin. 11:28)

Nadab (14:20)

Baasha (15:16)

Elah

Zimri

Omri

Ahab

Ahaziah

Jehoram

Jehu

Jehoahaz

Jehoash

Jeroboam Zachariah

Shallum

Menahem

Pekahiah

Pekah

Hoshea

There were 20 kings of Judah, some evil and some good

Rehoboam

Abijam

Asa

Jehoshanhat

Jehoram
Ahaziah

Athaliah

Joash

Amaziah

Uzziah

Jotham

Ahaz

Hezekiah

Manasseh

Amon

Josiah

Jehoahaz

Jehoiakim

Jehoiachin

Zedekiah

Saul, the first king of the united kingdom (1 Sam. 10 – anointed), was disobedient to God.

1) 1 Sam 15:2-3: The war against the Amaliketes, memory from Ex. 17:14

1 Sam. 15:22-23. The disobedience of Saul.

Two reasons that Saul lost the kingdom: 1 Chr. 10:13

Transgressed the word.

Asking counsel of one who had a familiar spirit.

Saul said: “I’ve sinned” 1 Sam. 15:24

Saul committed suicide: six suicides recorded in the Bible and all are attributed to circumstances of
sin.

-David, the second king.

Introduced (1 Sam. 16).

Slew the giant, Goliath (1 Sam. 17).

Made a covenant with Jonathan (1 Sam. 18)

Fled from Saul (1 Sam. 18-31).

The first book of Samuel.

There are two book of Samuel, because the translation from Hebrew to greek required more
space, they used two scrolls.

The LXX accommodated the Jews living there

70 scholars (270 B.C.)

The author was perhaps Gad or Nathan. Someone contemporary to the time of David.

1 Chr. 29:29

Samuel means: asked of God”

Purpose:

Description of the transition to an Israelite monarchy. Connects the biblical times the judges and
monarchy: one single tradition.

The despair of the period of the judges gives way to the work of the prophet. God’s will overruled
the monarchy.

Samuel’s works: great reforms, overcame the philistines.

Characters:

Samuel, Saul and David

Samuel has been called prophet priest and Judge

Elkanah, Hannah, and Peninnah,

Samuel was the first prophet since the time of Moses and last judge.

Chapter 1

v. 1: Elkanah was descended from Levi, in the line of Kohath, of the family of Korah.

Elkanah was an Ephrathite not by birth

v. 2: Hannah means fixed or sttle.

Peninna means jewl or pearl

Hannah had no child.

v. 3: Elkanah was a worshiper of God

Joshua 18:1

Eli was a priest and Judge

The Passover: feast for the whole family to go to the tabernacle

Ex. 13:10
Luke 2:41

v. 4-5: Elkanah gave portions to Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.

A worthy portion: double portion.

The offerer would receive back a portion of his peace offering.

v. 6: Peninnah provoked Hannah.

Gen. 16:5-6

v. 9: HE could see those who came and went

v. 10: Hannah prayed and wept.

v. 11: the vow of Hannah: If the Lord would give her a son, she would give him to the Lord. Note
the Nazarite vow.

Num. 30:2

Ps. 66:13

Eccl. 5:2-4

Prov. 10:19

The need of a woman for a child. An existential situation.

Levites served from the age of 30 to 50

Num. 4:3

v. 12: Marked her mouth.

v. 13: She prayed quietly. Eli thought she was drunken, but that was an assumption, and a hasty
conclusion. 1 Tim. 6:4.

There were some women assembled at the tabernacle, in that day whose reputation was such that
Eli think what he did.

1 Sam. 2:22

Ex. 38:8

v. 15: She poured her soul before the Lord.

v. 16: She was not wicked, was grieving.

Belial means worthless

Deut. 13:13.

2 Cor. 6:15.

v. 17: Eli blessed her

He now prayed to God would bless her.

Remember that Hannah took her cares to the Lord and found peace.

1 Pet. 5:7

v. 18: She found peace.

v. 19: The Lord remembered her and answered her prayer.

Living so the Lord will remember you.

v. 20: She conceived.

Samuel: I have asked him to the Lord.

God heard her. 1 John 5:14.

v. 21: A year had gone by

They return to Shiloh to worship.

v. 22: Hannah did not go. She would not go until the child was weaned: “that he may appear
before the Lord and abide there forever”.

v. 24: When she had weaned him, she took the offering and the child to Shiloh and she left him
there “forever”-

v. 25: She kept the vow

Child in the care of Eli.

v. 28: She thanked God for answering the prayer

She kept her word.

She “lent” Samuel to the Lord.

Chapter 2

The song of Hannah.

The composition of the song***

Hannah’s experience but prophetic in nature.

v. 1: Horn: power and authority.

I rejoice in thy salvation

v. 2: The song begins with praise.

There is none like the Lord.

Rock means strength and fortress.

Deut. 32:30
v. 3: Man’s boast come to the attention of God.

**The parallelism between the humbleness and pride: the messianic deliverance is the message of
the story.

v. 4: Mighty and those that stumble.

v. 5: the full and the empty: self-righteous and humble.

v. 6: The Lord who kills can make alive

v. 7: the poor and the rich.

v. 8: The other than politics, other than economical science.

Sets beggars among princes.

The foundations of the earth are his.

v. 9: by strength no man shall prevail. The force of the weakness, the power of the vulnerability is
what the Lord sees.

v. 10: His anointed: Christos.

Rev. 11:15

v. 12: Sons of Belial: priest’s sons, but they knew not the Lord.

2 Cor. 6:15

Sons of Belial means worthless.

v. 15: Eli’s sons were robbing God. Hophni and Phinehas.

They took raw meat for themselves before God was served.

They were supposed to get the breast, the cheeks and the maw, but they were taking the portion
of the offerer as well.

Lev. 7:34

Deut. 18:3

The fat was supposed to be burn to the Lord.

Lev. 7:23.

v. 16: They were doing whatever they wanted.

v. 17: They not only sinned, but they affected others.

Men abhorred the offerings of the Lord because of how the ministers acted.

Corrupt leaders corrupt their followers.

v. 18: What could Samuel do?

He could not minister as a priest but probably was serving them.

v. 19: Hannah’s love would be remembered every time he put on his coat.

v. 21: Because of her faithfulness the Lord blessed her even more.

3 sons and two daughters.

Samuel grew in every way.

v. 24: Ye make the people sin.

1 Sam. 3:13

v. 25: Eli pleaded with them but did not punish them or remove them from office.

They refused to listen

The Lord would slay them

We must discipline ourselves, or we will be disciplined.

Deut. 21:18-21

v. 26: Samuel grew in favor: unlike Eli’s sons

Luke 2:52

Prov. 3:4

v. 27-29: A man of God: anonymous prophet came to Eli.

He recounted how God had selected the priestly tribe of Levi, Appearing to Aaron Eli’s father.

Eli receives a rebuke for:

Kicking God’s sacrifice and offering, honoring his sons above God, making himself fat from the
offerings.

v. 30: Eli’s house would be cut off from the priesthood.

v. 31: The arm means strength.

There would not be an old man in Eli’s house – they would die young.

v. 34: Hophni and Phinehas would die.

They would die in the same day.

1 Sam. 4:17.

v. 35: Eli was a descendant of Ithamar, Aaron’s youngest.

The priesthood would be given to Eleazar’s branch (Lev. 10-1-2).

1 Kin. 2:27
Zadok was made priest 1Kin. 2:26

v. 35: 1 Chr. 24:3; 1 Kin. 2:35.

v. 36: The descendants of Eli would not be in the priest’s office, they would turned to beggars.

Chapter 3

v. 1: Samuel was at the tabernacle in Shiloh. A server.

1 Sam. 3:15

Ps. 84:10

The Word was precious: no revelation.

v. 2: Eli was getting older. His sight was failing. 98 years when he died.

v. 3: The lamp of God was the candlestick.

The tabernacle was called the temple. The tabernacle was where the ark was.

v. 4: The Lord called Samuel

He though it was Eli and answered Here I am.

v. 6: Again

v. 7: Samuel did not recognize

v. 8: The Lord called again

Eli perceived it was the Lord who called Samuel.

v. 9: Speak Lord for thy servant heareth.

v. 11: The Lord called again

Samuel did as instructed

The calling to Isiah Is. 6:8

Jer. 1:6

v. 12: Prophesied against Eli

Those things spoken about Eli’s house would come to pass.

v. 13: Eli knew what his sons did – but he restrained them not.

v. 14: The certainty of his promises.

Ps. 110:4

No atonement for the house of Eli. Sacrifice: blood, offering, bloodless offering.

v. 15: Samuel was afraid to tell Eli about what the Lord said unto him.
v. 18: Samuel told him all the Lord had said.

v. 19: Samuel grew. The Lord was with him. He let none of the Lord’s word fall to the ground.

v. 20: All Israel knew that Samuel was a prophet of The Lord.

v. 21: The Lord appear in Shiloh, The Lord revealed himself “by the word of the Lord”. Notice that
the Lord made his will know by his words.

Rom. 10:7.

Chapter 4

v. 1: The Lord spoke to Israel through Samuel.

Israel went to battle against philistines.

v. 2: Israel was smitten

4,000 Israelite men were slain

v. 3: The ark will save us.

They were thinking of the ark as a good luck artefact.

v. 4: The people sent to Shiloh for the ark

Hophni and Phinehas were with the ark, how could such wicked priests in a right way?

v. 5: They brought the ark from Shiloh

Israel shouted

v. 6: The philistines heard the noise of the shout. They wondered what the noise meant –
understood that the ark was with them.

v. 7: philistines were afraid.

v. 8: Woe – who shall deliver us?

They knew about the deeds of God.

v. 9: Quit means to act or behave.

1 Cor. 16:13

v. 10: Israel was smitten again

30,000 were slain.

v. 11: the ark was taken by the philistines

Hophni and Phinehas were slain

1 Sam. 2:34.

v. 13: A Benjamite ran to Shiloh to tell the news

Eli trembled for the ark.

v. 17: Israel lost the battle, There had been a great slaughter, Hophni and Phinehas are dead, the
ark was taken.

v. 18: The death of Eli.

v. 19: Phinehas wife was about to deliver a child.

She travailed in childbirth.

v. 20: She died.

Before she died, the women with her told her she had born a son.

v. 21-22: Phinehas wife named the child Ichabod. Ichabod means “the glory is departed”; thus
indicating a ruined state.

Chapter 5

v. 1: know the journey of the ark.

From Shiloh, to the battle at Ebenezer, from there to Ashdod, one of the five lordship cities of the
philistines. 50 miles west Jerusalem.

v. 2: The philistines took the ark into the house of Dagon.

v. 3: Dagon fell upon his face.

Dagon was thrown by the Lord.

They set Dagon up.

v. 4: The next day Dagon was fallen again and his head and his palms were cut off.

v. 5: He destroyed them.

The Lord smote them with emerods.

The land was stricken with pestilence.

v. 8: The ark was taken to Gath.

v. 9: The same thing happened in Gath that happened in Ashdod. The emerods were in man’s
secret parts.

v. 10: From Gath, the ark was taken to Ekron.

The Ekronites did not want it there.

Shiloh, Ebenezer, Ashdod, Gath, Ekron.

v. 12: Deut. 28:25-30.

Chapter 6
v. 1: From Shiloh, Ebenezer, Ashdod, Gath, and Ekron.

The ark was in the country of the Philistines seven months.

v. 2: The philistines did not go to the Lord, but to the priests and diviners.

v. 3: If you send it away.

Do not send it away empty – trespass offering.

Healing and his hand will be removed from you.

v. 4: 5 golden emerods, 5 golden mice according to the number of the lords of the philistines.

Lev. 5:14-18

v. 5: 5 golden images of their emerods would be sent.

5 golden images of the mice that marred the land.

Then, maybe he will lighten his hand from off: you, your gods, your land.

v. 7: Remember the Egyptians, when they were smitten by the Lord, they let his peoples go, and
they departed. Make a new cart, take two milk cows (on which there had come no yoke) and tie
the cows to the cart.

v. 8: Put the ark on the cart, jeweles of gold, trespass offering, in a coffer beside it.

Send it away.

v. 9: see which way the cart went, if to Bethshemesh, the evil is from the Lord.

How did they know this plan? Not so different religions, one general religion scheme.

v. 12: The followed the instructions, the cows went straight.

v. 13: The Jews were reaping the wheat.

They rejoiced to see it.

v. 14: Stone of Abel

From Shiloh to, Ebenezer, Ashdod, Gath, Ekron and Bethshemesh

Shiloh was burned to the ground.

The ark was never taken to Shiloh.

Jer. 7:12, 14; 26:6, 9.

v. 15: Levites took down the ark. The people offered burnt offerings and sacrifices unto the Lord.

v. 17: They returned to Ekron the same day.

The philistines offered atrespass offering to the Lord.

Five lordship cities.

v. 18-19: The men of Betshemesh looked into the ark: 50,000 in some MSS and 70 in others, died.

K and D: they looked into the ark with lust or malicious pleasure, foolish staring, incompatible with
the will of God, and the holiness of the ark.

Num. 4:20

v. 20: Shiloh, Ebenezer, Ashdod, Gath, Ekron, Bethshemesh, and Kirjathjearim.

Chapter 7

v. 1: The ark was taken to the house of Aminadab and Eleazar to keep it.

v. 2: The ark stayed there for 20 years

then it would be taken to Nob, then to Gibeon.

After the destruction of Jerusalem by Babylon there is no further record.

v. 3: Samuel called Israel back to God.

Put away the gods. Condition for deliverance.

v. 4: Israel put away Baalim and Ashtaroth.

v. 5: important to pray for others.

1 Thess. 5:25; 2 Thess. 1:111.

v. 6: They offered to the Lord.

Samuel was a Judge and a prophet.

v. 7: the philistines got ready for the battle. Israelites were afraid of the battle.

v. 8: they asked Samuel to pray for them, prayers need to be specific.

v. 10: The Lord thundered with a great thunder. Israel smote them.

v. 12: Here I raise my Ebenezer: stone of help.

v. 13: The philistines were subdued.

v. 14: The cities were restored.

There was peace between Israel and the amorites.

v. 15: Samuel judged Israel all his life.

v. 16: There was a circuit that Samuel traveled.

v. 17: his home was in Ramah.

Chapter 8

v. 1: He made his sons subordinates to help him judge; God was the only one who appointed the
judges.
v. 2: Joel and Abiah judged in Beersheba.

v. 3: His sons walked not in his ways, they turned to bribery and lucre.

Ex. 25:8. Deut. 16:19.

v. 4: Elders: wiser and older men of Israel.

v. 5: The demand for a King: like the other nations.

They wanted a king and these events made it possible. Their reasons was that Samuel was old and
his sons were not following his steps.

Acts 13:21

v. 6: He went to the right place, with right mind, at the right time and right reason. Hos. 13:11;
Gen. 17:6; Deut. 17:14-15.

v. 7: Samuel received instruction from the Lord. The rejected God and not Samuel. Luke 10:16.

v. 8: They are not doing something new. They rejected the Lord and they will continue to do so.

v. 9: Samuel was told to do as the asked. He was also to show them how they would be afflicted by
having an earthly king.

v. 10-18: The Lord told them what the king would do – monarchical thought. The Lord would not
listen to their cries.

v. 19: They refused to hear: we will have a king over us. Deut. 17:6; Ex. 18:21; 2 Chr. 26:10-15; 1
Kings 21:7.

V 20: The king according to them, would do the work of the Judge.

v. 21: Samuel went back to the Lord.

v. 22: They would have a king: material ruler over the spiritual.

Chapter 9

v. 1: The introduction of Saul. Benjamite son of Kish. Genealogy; 1 Chr. 9:35-39

v. 2: Saul was goodlier than anyone else in Israel. He was head and shoulders taller than any of the
Israelites.

v. 5: Go to Zuph, Saul was concerned that his father would be worried about them. More than
about the assess.

v. 7: The servant suggested seeing Samuel. The custom was to take a present to one considered to
be a superior.

v. 9: A Seer was a prophet. A Seer had a divine revelatipn – He saw into the counsel of God. Amos
7:12; Micah 3:7.
v. 11-12: Women drew the water. Samuel was in the city that day. The high place: Bamah (1 King
3:2)

v. 15: The Lord had told Samuel they were coming. Samuel had a relationship with the Lord as his
prophet.

v. 17: The Lord had identified Saul, He was to be the King.

v. 19: Samuel invited Saul to eat. He promised to reveal what he needed to know.

v. 20: The assess were found. Desire of Israel was upon Saul.

v. 21: Saul protested that Benjamin was the smallest of the tribes. His family was the smallest in
Benjamin. Humble at the beginning.

v. 22-23: special treatment.

v. 25: Samuel honored Saul and communed with him.

They went to the top of the house.

v. 27: Saul prepared to leave. Samuel told Saul to send his servant ahead and he would tell Saul
the word of God concerning the kingdom, and Saul’s role as king.

Chapter 10

v. 1: Samuel anointed Saul with oil. Anointing for kings and priests

Ex. 29:7; Lev. 8:12; 1 Sam. 16:13; 1 Chr. 9:30; Ps. 133:1-3

v. 2-6: Signs to Saul. 2 men at Rachel’s tomb… The Spirit of the Lord would come upon him.

v. 7: Do as occasion serve thee. God is with thee.

v. 8: Go to Gilgal, Samuel would come, offer offerings and sacrifices. Tarry seven days.

v. 9: God gave Saul another heart. The signs were fulfilled.

v. 11: Saul prophesied. Is Saul among the prophets?

v. 16: Saul told the uncle about the asses but not about the kingdom.

v. 19: God recounted the people at Mizpeh his deliverance from all the nations, but they rejected
him.

v. 20: The tribe of Benjamin was selected.

The family of Matri.

Saul chosen but was not found.

v. 22: They enquired of the Lord. He revealed that Saul had hid himself among the stuff.

v. 24: None like Saul. “God save the king” (KJV). Long live the King (ASV).

v. 25: Samuel told the manner of the kingdom and wrote it in a book. The people went home.
v. 27: Saul went home to Gibeah. Children of Belial despised him – he held his peace.

Chapter 11

v. 1: Nahash was the king of the Ammonites.

Other Nahash 2 Sam. 10:2

Besieged Jabesh. The Jabeshsileadites wanted a covenant with Nahash.

v. 2: Nahash agreed with one condition.

v. 3: seven days of spare. If no man will save us, we will come out to thee.

v. 5: Messengers from Jabesh came for Saul.

v. 7: The Spirit of God came upon Saul. He was greatly angered. He cut a yoke of oxen and sent the
pieces throughout Israel.

v. 8: 300,000 people of Israel and 30,000 of Judah.

v. 9: Saul sent messengers to Jabesh – Help is coming. The men of Jabesh told Nahash they would
come afterhim. Do with us all that seemeth good unto you.

v. 11: Saul put the people into three companies. They came in the morning. They slew the
ammonites. No two of them were left together.

v. 12: The people wanted to put to death those men who saud Saul not to reign over them.

But Saul would not allow it – giving the children of Belial amnesty.

The Lord wrought salvation in Israel.

v. 13-15: They went to Gilgal to “renew the kingdom”. They made Saul king, Saul and all the men
of Israel rejoiced greatly.

Chapter 12

v. 1-2: Samuel reminded the people of his integrity. He is not bragging but setting straight the
record, and reminding them of that.

v. 3-4: Samuel is calling witness to affirm his integrity.

v. 5: He called the Lord to witness that he was guilty of no wrong. They answered: “He is witness”.

v. 6-7: Reproved the people for their ingratitude. Summary of the history of Israel.

v. 9: They forgot God: retelling of the book of judges.

v. 10: They said in the past: “we have sinned”.

v. 11: Jerubaal, Bedan (Barak), Jephtah and Samuel: The recounting of the history.

v. 12: When Nahash came against them, they wanted a king: But the Lord was their king.
v. 14: Despite the type of leadership that they have they would be following the Lord by obeying
the commandments.

v. 15: God gave them a king. If they obey vs if they do not.

v. 17: Stand and watch what the Lord will do. He sent thunder. The wheat harvest was around the
time of Pentecost.

v. 19: The people saw that their sins were great. And they had added the sin of asking for a king,
pray for us.

v. 20: The opportunity to serve the Lord even after they had sinned.

v. 21: Vain things: idols.

Serve the Lord.

v. 22: The Lord made Israel his people 2 Cor. 6:18

1 Pet. 5:7

Phil 4:13

Heb. 13:5-6

v. 23: Samuel would pray for them. Not to do so would be a sin (1 Tim. 2:1-2; 1 Thess. 5:17; Eph.
6:18).

v. 24: Fear means reverence, respect.

Heb. 12:28-29

Ps. 111:9

v. 25: There were no people more fully warned than God’s people: Num. 32:23;

Chapter 13

v. 1: Saul was 30 when he began to reigned and reign 42 years

v. 2: 3,000 men.

v. 3: Jonathan was the best known son of Saul. He smote the Philistines garrison at Geba.

v. 4: All Israel came to Gilgal. Saul was there.

v. 5: The philistine had 30,000 chariots and 6,000 horsemen and people as sand.

v. 6: Israel was afraid. They hid in caves, pits, etc.

They were in a strait.

v. 7: Some Israelites fled to Gad. Saul was in Gilgal.

v. 9: Saul offered a burnt offering. He sinned: he was not authorized to offer sacrifices.
v. 10: He saw Samuel.

v. 11-12: Saul’s excuses: Samuel did not come, the philistines were gathered for war, the people
were scattered. I forced myself.

v. 13: Saul did foolishly.

v. 14: Samuel told Saul that his kingdom would end.

A man after God’s heart: David.

v. 15: Saul had 600 men with him. The Philistines came from Crete, but originally from Egypt,
descended from Mizraim, son of Ham.

v. 19: No smith – Perhaps the philistines had taklen captive all those who had such ability. They
would prevent the Hebrews from making weapons.

v. 22: The Israelite army was without weapons, except for Saul and jonathan. They encamped in
Gibeah of Benjamin.

Chapter 14

v. 3: Ahiah: 1 Sam. 22:9.

Ichabod was the son of Phinehas.

Family of Ithmar.

v. 4: There were rocky crags on both sides. One was Bozez and the other Seneh.

v. 6: God does not see the amount of people.

v. 7-10: They set a sign: if they tarry we will not go up, if they say come we will know that the Lord
had delivered them.

v. 12: Sign of deliverance.

v. 14: Jonathan and his armor bearer slew about 20.

v. 16: The philistines trembled. The watchman saw the multitude melt away.

v. 17: Saul numbered the people to find out who was missing. Jonathan and his armor bearer were
not there.

v. 21: Saul and the people had joined the battle.

Hebrews hiding.

v. 23: Israel won the battle, the Lord saved Israel.

v. 26: Saul made a foolish oath, So the people became faint.

v. 27: Jonathan did not hear the oath.

v. 29: Saul made four great mistakes: pride, abstain from food, sacrifice, and do not destroy the
Amalekites.

v. 32: Because of Saul’s oath they sinned.

v.34: It was a sin to eat the blood not to eat at all.

v. 37: Saul wanted to go against the Philisitines that night, God did not answer his inquiry.

v. 43: Saul wanted to know who had sinned. He found that Jonathan had violated Saul’s oath.

v. 45: The people protected Jonatan.

v. 48: Saul led Israel to fight their enemies, He ought Moab and all the enemies

v. 49: Saul’s sons: Jonatan, Ishui, and Melchishua.

He had two daughters: Merab and Mihal. 1 Chronicles 8:33.

Chapter 15

v. 1-2: God remembers unforgiven sins. Ex. 17:8.

Amalekites were descendants of Esau. Gen. 36:12.

v. 3: Utterly destroy all. All these wars are paybacks of their wickedness.

v. 4: At Telaim, Saul had 2000,000 footmen. And 10,000 men of Judah.

v. 6: Saul allows the Kenites live. The Kenites departed.

v. 9: Saul did not obey God. He destroyed the vile but not the good.

v. 12: Saul went to Carmel. Then, he went to Gilgal.

v. 17: Saul had been humble. God raised up Saul.

v. 20: Saul claimed to have obeyed God, but he knew he had not (1 Sam. 15:14-15). The people
took the spoil.

v. 23: Saul had rebelled. He had done so because of stubbornness. Saul rejected the word of the
Lord, and the Lord rejected him. Sacrifice did not make up for disobedience.

v. 24: “I have sinned”. The result would be the loss of his kingship. He feared the people and
obeyed them.

v. 26: Samuel did not forgive Saul.

v. 28: He would give it to one “better”.

v. 33: Saul worshipped the Lord.

Agag had ripped open pregnant woman – so his mother would be childless.

v. 35: Samuel mourned for Saul.

Chapter 16

v. 1: Samuel had mourned for Saul too much.

Kings, priests and prophets were anointed for office. The King had to be a son of Jesse from
Bethlehem.

Luke 2:4; Luke 2:11.

v. 2: Samuel was afraid of Saul

v. 3: Clear instructions, call Jesse, God would show Samuel what to do. Anoint the one that God
says.

v. 10: Eliab, Abinadab, and Shammah passed before Samuel. God had not chosen any man. John
7:24. 1 Chr. 2:12-16.

v. 13: Jesse’s youngest son was keeping the sheep.

v. 14: The Spirit of the Lord left Saul. An evil spirit troubled him. 2 Thess. 2:11.

v. 19: He was a cunning player, a mighty valiant man, a man of war.

Chapter 17

v. 1: Shocho was southwest of Jerusalem

v. 3: The philistines were on one side, and Israel on the other.

The valley of Elah was southwest of Bethlehem.

v. 4: Goliath was 9 feet and 9 inches tall. Heavily armored (150 pounds of armor).

v. 7: His spear’s head weighed about 17 pounds. One bearing a shield went before him.

v. 17: 40 days passed. Jesse sent David with food for his brothers.

v. 25: David learned the reward for the one who kill Goliath.

v. 34: Saul sent for David. He offered to fight. The lion and the bear.

v. 38: Sal saw a strong young man who could fight.

v. 40: David rejected Saul’s armor. He chose 5 smooth stones.

v. 45: David fought Goliath. Thus, it did not matter whom David fought, how big the enemy was, or
what weapons he had.

The narrative continued.

Chapter 18

v. 1: The great love of David and Jonathan for each other.

v. 4: This was a public proclamation of honor. They made a covenant. Jonathan give David
garments, sword, bow and girdle.
v. 5: David behaved wisely. Saul set him over the men of war (cf. 18:13). Went out indicates he
went out for battle. Accepted means that David was successful and he said the right attitude – and
the people saw that.

v. 7: The song of the women praised David over Saul. 1 Sam. 15:28.

v. 9: Saul eyed David. That is, he looked upon him with watchful suspicion, he was jealous of him.
Prov. 6:34; 27:4, Sol. 8:6.

v. 10: God does not do evil. The evil spirit was a spirit of guilt, envy, hatred, suspicion… 1 Sam.
18:15.

The burden of rejecting the law of the Lord (2 Thess. 2:11-12).

v. 11: Saul threw a spear at David (twice). What evil thing had David done?

v. 13: Saul sent him away. Captain over a thousand.

v. 14: David behaved wisely. The Lord was with him.

v. 16: Judah loved David. Because he went out and came before them.

v. 19: Saul promised Merab to David. Saul broke his word.

v. 21: Michal loved David. Saul planned to use her as a snare to David. Twain… for the second time.

v. 25: Saul plotted against David.

v. 28: David brought 200, Michal loved him, the Lord was with him.

v. 29: Saul was more afraid of David. Saul became David’s enemy continually.

Chapter 19

v. 2: Jonathan loved David. He told David of Saul’s plan. David was spared by the providence of
God.

v. 5: Jonathan reasoned with Saul. David had not sinned against Saul, his works toward Saul were
very good.

v. 6: Saul hearken the voice of Jonathan.

v. 8: another fight against the Philistines.

v. 9: Saul was vacillated. Again, the evil spirit came upon Saul. David played with his hand. “the
sweet singer of Israel”.

v. 10: David escaped.

v. 11: Saul went to David’s house to kill him. Michal knew about it. So, she let David go out through
the window.

v. 16: Michal deceived the messengers. The image would have been a household of god. Gen.
35:2; Judg. 17:5.
v. 18: David fled to Samuel in Ramah. They went to Naioth.

v. 20: Saul’s messengers went to take David. Instead, his messengers prophesied. The company
would have been the school of the prophets.

v. 22: Naioth means “habitations”.

v. 23: The Spirit of God showed God’s power. God did not change the will of Saul miraculously.

Chapter 20

v. 2: David told Jonathan of Saul’s trying to kill him. Jonathan did not believe him.

v. 5: David knew that Saul was aware of the friendship between David and Jonathan.

Feast of the new moon.

v. 6: deception. Recorded lie.

v. 18: Saul would ask why David is not there.

v. 26: Saul thought perhaps David was not clean.

v. 27: The second day came. Saul asked where David was.

v. 30: Son of rebellion.

v. 31: Saul knew that David would become king – not Jonathan.

For Jonathan to become king, David had to die.

v. 33: Jonathan knew that Saul had determined to kill David.

v. 42: 2 Sam. 1:26.

Chapter 21

v. 1: Nob was a city of priests in Benjamin (1 Sam. 22:19).

v. 2: David deceived the priest. He later repented. Psa. 119:29.

v. 6: The priest gave him the showbread. Ex. 25:30; Lev. 24:9. Mark 2:25; Matt. 12:1-4.

v. 7: Doeg was the chief herdman of Saul. He became the enemy of David.

v. 10: The sword of Goliath

v. 15: David feigned madness before Achish.

Saul was pursuing David.

Chapter 22

v. 1: Adullam was 8-10 miles sw from Bethlehem.

Psa. 142:4. Probably.

v. 2: All those who had been unjustly treated by Saul followed David. 400 men. 1 Chr. 11:15f

v. 3: Mizpeh was a watchtower of Moab. David was the great grandson of a Moabitess (Ruth 4:10-
17).

v. 4: Saul pursued David to Ramah, Nob, Gath, Adullam, Mizpeh, the forest of Hareth, Keliah, Ziph,
Maon, Engedi.

v. 5: Gad was a faithful prophet of God.

Saul realizes that some of his men had turn to the side of David.

v. 9: Doeg told Saul about David.

v. Abimelech does not know that David lie and Saul is confronting him.

v. 15: Saul was wrong in his surmising (1 Tim. 6:4). Abimelech knew nothing of this – of Saul’s
hatred for David.

v. 18: Doeg killed 85 priests. The servants refused to kill them.

v. 19: Notice Nob was “the city of the priests”. Nob was destroyed.

v. 20: Abiathar, the priest escaped. Abiathar later sided with Adonijah (1 Kings 1).

Chapter 23

v. 2: David enquired of the Lord. Required the Ephod.

v. 7: David smote the philistines, Saul heard David was there and saw as an occasion to capture
him. Saul thought that God had delivered David into his hands.

v. 10: David knew Saul was trying to destroy him. He asked counsel of God.

v. 14: David went to Ziph. Ziph was 5 miles SE of Hebron.

v. 18: Jonathan recognizes David’s reign.

v. 24: The Ziphites sought to betray David to Saul. David went to Maon. The wilderness of Maon
was 10 miles east of Carmel.

v. 27: Saul surrounded David and his men. The Philistines invaded the land. David was spared for
Saul had to return.

Chapter 24

v. 3: 3000 men to pursue David. He went for relieve. David and his men were in that cave.

v. 4: David cut off part of Saul’s robe. David still recognizes the anointing of Saul.

v. 10: David bowed himself to Saul. He told him what he could have done.

v. 14: A dead dog a flea – so insignificant. What kind of threat was David to Saul?

The reconciliation of Saul with David.

v. 22: David swore unto Saul not to cutoff the descendence of Saul.

Chapter 25

v. 1: Samuel died. Probably 100 years. Buried in Ramah.

v. 2: Carmel was NW of Maon. Nabal was a rich man – 3000 sheep and 1000 goats.

v. 3: Nabal means fool.

v. 5: David sent to seek provisions. He told them go to Nabal and “greet him in my name”.

v. 10: Nabal refused and insulted David.

v. 13: Stuff refers to baggage. 400 men went with David and 200 stayed with the stuff.

v. 14: He railed on them because of his greed and ingratitude. Abigail what had happened.

v. 17: Nabal “son of belial”.

v. 19: Great present to David.

v. 22: Pisseth against the wall: manchild in the ASV.

v. 28: She besought David not to take vengeance.

The Abigail narrative is important.

v. 37: Nabal had a great feast. Abigail told everything in the morning. His heart died within him –
became as a stone.

v. 38: Luke 12. 10 days after the Lord smote him.

v. 43: David took Abigail as his wife. David took Ahinoam of Jerzeel to be his wife. God’s plan from
the beginning was 1 man and 1 woman (Gen. 2, Mat. 19:3-9; Mark 10).

Chapter 26

v. 4: David sent spies to the camp of Saul.

v. 5: Saul, the king, was in the middle of the camp.

v. 6: Abishai was nephew of David. Zeruiah was the sister of David.

v. 8: There was no protection. Abishai wanted to kill Saul.

v. 11: David would not kill Saul. They took Saul’s appear and his jug of water.

v. 12: A deep sleep.

v. 16: David had proof that Abner had not protected Saul.

v. 20: The inheritance: promised land.

v. 21: “I have sinned”. Saul promised to persecute David no more.

Chapter 27
v. 1: David went to Achish, king of Gath (Philistine Lordship city). Discouragement caused David to
go to the Philistines.

v. 6: Achish gave David Ziklag. 16 months there.

v. 8: While Ziklag, David invaded several different places. Old enemies of Israel.

v. 9: David killed all the people, so non report back to Achish.

Chapter 28

v. 1: This chapter records how the Philistines prepared to attack Israel. David’s deceptions caught
up with him. Achish is under the assumption that David is helping him.

v. 3: Familiar spirits (necromancy). Lev. 20:6; Deut. 18:9-14; Is. 8:19-20.

v. 5: Shunem was in the territory of Issachar. Saul was afraid.

v. 6: God did not answer Saul. Urim: required a priest (Ezra 2:63; Ex. 28:30; Lev. 8:7-8).

Contradiction 1 Chr. 10:14

v. 7: Saul went to consult with the witch at Endor – 7 miles NE of Shunem.

The Septuagint suggest that she was a ventriloquist.

v. 8: Saul was disguised. Saul is rejecting the word of God for some occult rituals.

v. 9: She knew that practicing witchcraft was punishable by death.

v. 10: Saul swore “by the Lord”, not to do what the Lord commanded his people to do.

v. 12: Samuel appeared – but not by the power of the witch. She was more surprised. She realized
that he was Saul.

v. 15: Eccl. 9:5; Samuel asked Saul why has thou disquieted me?

v. 18: “What do you expect me to do?”; He remembers the disobedience of Saul.

v. 19: “Be with me” does not mean they would be saved, but that they would die. Samuel tells Saul
that God will deliver his army to the Philistines.

v. 20: Saul fell headlong. Sore afraid.

Chapter 29

v. 1: Philistines camped at Aphek. Israelites at Jezreel.

v. 3: The princes of the Philistines do not trust David. David was spared.

v. 7: Achish sends back David.

Chapter 30

v. 1: The Amalekites destroyed Ziklag while David was gone.

v. 7: Ahimelech had been slain by Doeg. The ephod would contain the Urim and Thummim.

v. 8: David enquired the Lord. The Lord told him to pursue the Amalekites.

v. 10: 200 men stayed behind.

v. 11: They found an Egyptian who told them where were the Amalekites.

v. 17: David smote them, 400 escaped.

v. 26ff: He distributed the spoil to various towns of Judah.

Chapter 31

v. 2: The philistines slew Saul’s sons. Abner was not slain. Ishbosheth was not slain.

v. 4: Saul committed suicide. Lack of trust in God.

Israel fled, forsook the cities and were occupied by the Philistines.

v. 9: They cut off the head of Saul and stripped off his armor.

v. 10: The armor was in the house of Ashtaroth. They fastend his body to the wall of Bethshan.

1 Chr. 10:10

They brought them back to Jabesh, burned them and buried their bones under a tree in Jabesh.
Mourned seven days.

The book of Ruth

Two boos with name of women:

Esther and Rth.

Ruth was a gentile in a far country married to the line from which David and the Christ come.

Geographically located in the land of Moab.

Moabites come from Lot: the older daughter.

Under King Elon, Moab had invaded and oppressed Israel.

Bethlehemjudah to which Ruth and Noemi went: west of the dead sea.

Mic. 5:2

This little city became the city of David and the birthplace of the Savior.

The time of this book fit during the period of the judges (probably in the events of ch. 5 and 6).

The time of the judges was a time of different intervals of oppression caused by apostasy. The
depravity of the people: “every man did that which is right in their own eyes”.

The book of Ruth shines in this context as a beautiful love’s story.

The book of Ruth presents a picture of domestic life during that time. The problems of Naomi and
the blessings of marriage.

Lessons from the book of Ruth:

- God extended his blessings to a gentile.

- Gentiles could have a part with the Israelite nation.
- The goel (redeemer) would be a type of the Reedemer.
o Blood relative
o Able to redeem
o Willing to redeem
o Marry the one in need of redemption – Christ took the church to be his bride.
- Providence of God: uses individuals to bless others
- Shows that God is no respecter of persons.
- God rewards right choices.

The author was probably Samuel.

Judges: lack of faith – Ruth: a wealth of faith.

Judges: Ingratitude – Ruth: gratitude.

Chapter 1

v. 1-2: Time frame of the Judges.

Spiritual famine and physical famine.

Moab had not bee affected. Elimelech and his family left his home in Judah to sojourn in a far
country.

The account starts by leaving the home in the promised land to dwell in a far country. Did he
consider the consequences of leaving the promised land?

v.3-5: Elimelech died away from his country. His sons took Moabites women, something that was
prohibited in the law. Ex. 34:11-16.

Mahlon and Chillion followed Elimelech in death ten years later. Naomi was left alone. They left
Judah to avoid the famine.

v. 6-7: Upon hearing “the Lord had visited his people in giving them bread”, she left Moab to
return home.

v. 8-13: Naomi entreated her daughters in law to go back home.

Notice the attitude of Noemi: she did not demand them to go with her. She did not fornce their
coming. Neither did she attempt to persuade them or manipulate.

Gen. 38:11

v. 14-15: Ruth cleave unto her. Orpah initially followed Naomi and wept at the thought of leaving
her but she stayed in Moab. We never hear of Orpah again.
Ruth saw Naomi’s condition and directed her love and concern toward her rather than toward
herself.

v. 16-17: Ruth made this remarkable and oft-repeated statement. The choices of these women
separate them.

Ruth’s decision was not only driven from affection towards Noemi but to do the will of God.

Wherever Naomi was Ruth was determined to be there.

According to the law she was a stranger: She did not have all the rights of a Jew.

“your God shall be my God”: complete commitment to the God of heaven.

Ruth 2:12: the people could see that she trusted in the Lord.

“I will die there”: commitment to the end of her life and that would bring reward for an eternity.
She made an oath to God.

She chose right.

v. 18: Ruth was determined.

v. 19: The hard and bitter years had taken their toll on Naomi. The crowds that gathered around
these ladies in Bethlehem saw the effects of the years in Moab and asked, in amazement, “is this
Naomi?”.

v. 20-21: The magnitude of her loss. She admitted she went full and came back empty.

That is the usual result for one in “a far country”.

Lot and the prodigal son.

Naomi could have pretended all was well but she openly declared her low state.

Naomi means pleasant. Mara: bitter.

Chapter 2

v. 1: Ruth came into the fields of Boaz the time of the harvest.

Lev. 19:9; Lev. 23:22

As a kinsman Boaz had certain responsibilities. Deut. 25:5. We are no longer under that law but we
have responsibilities towards our family. Eph. 6:4, 1 Tim-. 5:8, Tit. 2:4-5.

Boaz had responsibility because of her wealth. God requires that we be good stewarts of our
blessings (Mat. 25:14-30).

There is a kinsman nearewr to Boaz (Ruth 3:12). Is not able to redeem her.

Deut. 25:10; Lev. 25:25.

Levirate law.
v. 3: Ruth came into the fields of Boaz. She did not come to ask for food but to work in the fields.

Ruth needed to work: 2 Thess. 3:10; Eph. 4:28.

The work was not easy.

Col. 3:17; Eph. 3:21.

We can accomplish many things when we are not looking for the credit.

v. 4: The relationship between Boaz and his workers.

v. 5-7: Boaz commanded to take care of Naomi.

He did not expel her.

v. 7-9: Boaz did not allow Ruth’s being a Moabitess to keep him from extending grace to her. Ruth
2:2, 10.

He spoke to her kindly and extended to her the same benefits according to the law.

v. 10-13: Boaz also made provisions for her of which she was unaware and for which she had no
expectation.

God has made provisions that exceed our expectations. Eph. 3:20.

God’s providence worked through Boaz.

v. 14: Ruth was hungry and accepted the banquet of Boaz.

Ruth acted wisely.

v. 15-16: Boaz told his young men to let her glean. Give her more.

v. 17-19: Naomi wanted to know in whose field Ruth had worked. We can be working wheter for
Christ or Satan.

Mat. 6:24.

Our service as our accountability is personal 2 Cor. 5:10.

At the judgement these questions shall be important: what have I done? Have I been willing to
work? Where did I labor and for whom?

What if we refuse to work? John 4:35

There is no harvest without reapers. The labor is serious work.

Great urgency attends the reaping.

Prov. 10:5

Some take comfort that in the past they have worked, or the future.

v. 20-21: Ruth did not see the goodness of Boaz as something he owed to her.
She expressed her appreciation and acknowledged the comfort of Boaz.

Ruth continued working.

Would Ruth quit working in spite of being blessed?

She had a better life because of her decisions.

Chapter 3

v. 1: From far country into a land of blessing. Naomi looked for a husband for Ruth.

v. 2-3: the plan of Naomi.

v. 4: Naomi gave detailed instruction.

v. 5: The right response of Ruth. The faithful reply to God’s commandments.

v. 6: So, she did.

v. 7: What Ruth did was not wrong or immoral.

The place to receive the blessings.

Eph. 1:3

v. 8: Boaz did not expect a woman at his feet.

v. 9: Ruth was not hesitant in making him known her intent. What she said amounted to a
marriage proposal.

v. 10: Boaz responded with kindness. Her redeemer cared for her.

v. 11: Boaz promised redemption. He reiterated that she was a virtuous woman.

v. 12: He informed her of the nearer kinsman.

v. 14: She arose while it was dark.

He was interested in protecting her – to avoid gossip and protect her reputation, lest anyone
question her character.

v. 15: following the plan of Naomi.

v. 16: Did Naomi not know Ruth?

v. 17: A secure future.

v. 18: Naomi knew the matter would be soon settled.

Ruth would be reddemed.

Chapter 4

v. 1: the gate was the place of to solve the problems. Town hall.

v. 5: If he would buy the land he would get Ruth.

v. 6: He could not redeem it with Ruth. Ruth’s right’s would be protected.

v. 7: When the nearer kinsman refused, Boaz had the opportunity to redeem Ruth. Deut 25:5-10.

According to the custom of the day, he took off his shoe: respected the law.

v. 9: All are witness. Boaz paid the price of redemption.

v. 10: Boaz acted according to the law.

v. 11: We ought to rejoice at marriage.

v. 12: Pharez was born of Judah by his daughter in Law Tamar.

v. 13: Ruth had a bright future.

v. 14-15: All the people knew how blessed Naomi and Ruth were.

“Blessed be the Lord”.

v. 16: Naomi could hold her grandson.

God’s blessings are shown in him.

v. 17: Obed means “serving”. The women neighbors named him.

v. 18-22: Mat. 1:1-20.

Gentiles were by faith and repentance able to be part of God’s people.

Goel: typical of the coming of Christ.

- Be able to pay: judg. 4:10

- Willing to do the redeeming act
- Be willing to marry: Eph. 5:23

Conclusion

Ruth did not know that she would be the great-grandmother of King David.

When she left her home she did not know that through her the Christ would come.

We do not know the consequences of our choices. We must make them carefully.
Review:

Levirate law - law of God and the customs of the day.

Lev. 25; Deut. 25: deal with this law.

Matt. 1: The genealogy includes Ruth

Esther: the only other book with the name of a woman.

Samuel, possible author.

Judg – famine of faith. Ruth – wealth of faith.

Ruth possible an appendix for the book of Judg.

Micah 5:2: Bethlehem Ephrata as the birthplace of Jesus.

Obed: servant

Ruth: background of David.

Samuel: purpose to show Samuel’s work.

Hannah: mother of Samuel.

Samuel: given as a Nazarite.

Eli failed to restrained his children.

Eli died at 98

The philistines took the ark

Echabod: the glory has departed.

People had emerods while the ark was with them.

Bethshimesh

People slained for looking into the ark.

Samuel’s circuit: Bethel, Gilgal, Mizpeh and Ramoth.

People wanted a king to be like the nations round about them.

Saul made an offering: Samuel did not come, I forced myself. The philistines are her. The people
are scattered from me.

Amalekites: descendants from Esau.

God gave a clear indication to Saul to destroy the Amalekites.

Samuel: obey is better than sacrifices.

Rebellion is a sin of witchcraft.

The Lord had rejected him as king.

It is not obedience to obey God partially.