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Automatic - Street - Light PDF

The document describes an automatic street light circuit that turns lights on and off without human intervention. It uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) that has high resistance in the dark and low resistance in light. This controls whether transistors conduct electricity to a relay, which then turns the street light on at night and off during the day. Key materials used include an LDR, transistors, resistors, capacitors, and a relay. The circuit helps minimize wasted energy and saves time and effort compared to manual switching of street lights.

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Tiberlin Lamin
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232 views2 pages

Automatic - Street - Light PDF

The document describes an automatic street light circuit that turns lights on and off without human intervention. It uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) that has high resistance in the dark and low resistance in light. This controls whether transistors conduct electricity to a relay, which then turns the street light on at night and off during the day. Key materials used include an LDR, transistors, resistors, capacitors, and a relay. The circuit helps minimize wasted energy and saves time and effort compared to manual switching of street lights.

Uploaded by

Tiberlin Lamin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT

RATIONALE BEHIND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE EXHIBIT

Automatic Street Light means the light can be turn ON and OFF without any human
intervention.Automatic Street Light circuit usually turns ON the light automatically during darkness
when the the sun is set and turn OFF during the daytime. This will prevent the unnecessary use and
wastage of electrical energy, it will also save a lot of time and human effort in running for swiching
OFF the Street Lights.

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLE INVOLVED

The heart of the Automatic Street Light circuit is the LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor). The resistance
of LDR depends on the intensity of light falling on it. During the daytime when the sunlight is
available, the resistance of LDR is very low. During darkness ( after sun set) the resistance of LDR
becomes very high as there is no light falling on it. The amount of current flowing in a conductor
depends on its resistance, larger the resistance smaller will be the current and smaller the resistance larger will be
the current.

MATERIALS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

1. Stepdown Transformer ( 12 Volt, 500 mA) – 1 Nos


2. Diode !N4007 – 5 Nos
3. Capacitor 100 mfd 25 Volt – 1 Nos
4. Variable Resistor 10 K to 47 K – 1Nos
5. LDR – 1 Nos
6. Resistors 2.2 K – 3 Nos
7. Transistors BC 547 – 2 Nos
8. Capacitor 10 mfd 25 volt – 1 Nos
9. Relay 12 Volt 400 ohm, SPDT – 1 Nos
10. Wood plank and Plywood

CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF THE EXHIBIT

Power Supply :-The Stepdown Transformer converts the 230 Volt AC to 12 Volt AC , the 12 Volt
AC is passed through four Diode connect as bridge rectifier and a 12 Volt DC is obtained. The
Capacitor (C1) stores the charge temporarily and makes the voltage to become constant.

Main Circuit : The LDR, R1, and VR1 constitute a potential divider across the Base of the transistor
T1 and the Collector terminal of T1 is connected to the base of the transistor T2 throught the resistor
R2 . The Collector of Transistor T2 is connected to Relay and the other terminal of Relay is joined to
the Positive terminal of the power supply.

Working : . We knows that resistance opposes the flow of current, larger the resistance smaller will be
the current flowing through it. During daytime when there is enough sunlight, the resistance of LDR is
very low, so the current flowing through it is very high. This large current reaches the base of
transistor T1, then the transistor T1 conducts, pulling its collector potential to zero. This inhibits the
conduction of the transistor T2, switching OFF its collector load relay . During darkness the resistance
of LDR is very high and does not allow enough current to flow through it. So there is small current
reaching the base of transistor T1 and cannot conduct it. The resistance of R2 is small compared to the
resistance of LDR So there is large current flowing through resistor R2 , which reach the base of
transistor T2 and conduct it . Hence the relay is activated and the bub glows. During daytime transistor
T1 conducts and during darkness transistor T2 conducts.

L
D R2 Diode Relay
(+) R NC
Diodes
R1 R3
A C T2 Bulb
C1
VR1 T1

Transformer (-) C2

Conclussion :- This circuit will help us to minimise the wastage of electrical energy at the minimum
cost and also will help us to save the time and energy for switching ON and OFF of the electrical street
light.

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