Science Grade 8

W3 - Lesson 1: Transmission and

Absorption of Light
V5-07
 Important Concepts of Grade 8 Science Materials
Required
W1 - Lesson 1 ...................................................................... Mass, Volume, and Density
W1 - Lesson 2 ............................................................. Solubility and Saturation Points
Textbook:
W1 - Lesson 3A ...................................................... Viscosity, Flow Rate, and Buoyancy
Science in
W1 - Lesson 3B .................................................................................... Simple Machines
Action 8
W1 - Lesson 4 .................Gears, Mechanical Advantage, Speed Ratios, and Efficiency
W1 - Lesson 5 .....................................................................Hydraulics and Pneumatics
W1- Quiz
W2 - Lesson 1 ....The Role of Cells within Living Things, Cells-Tissue-Organ System
W2 - Lesson 2 ......................................................................................... The Microscope
W2 - Lesson 3 ................................................................................ Body Systems Part 1
W2 - Lesson 4 ................................................................................ Body Systems Part 2
W2 - Lesson 5 ................................................ Problems Associated with Body Systems
W2 - Quiz
W3 - Lesson 1 ....................................................Transmission and Absorption of Light
W3 - Lesson 2 .......................................................... Reflection and Refraction of Light
W3 - Lesson 3A ...................................................................................Vision and Lenses
W3 - Lesson 3B .. Water in its Various States Affects Earth’s Landforms and Climate
W3 - Lesson 4 ........................................................ Adaptations to Aquatic Ecosystems
W3 - Lesson 5 ........................................................................................... Water Quality
W3 - Quiz ..........................................................................................................................

Science Grade 8
Version 5
Preview/Review W3 - Lesson 1

Publisher: Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Author: Kevin De Clerq
In-House Teachers: Barb Philips and Norene Pinder

Project Coordinator: Dennis McCarthy

Preview/Review Publishing Coordinating Team: Nina Johnson,
Laura Renkema, and Donna Silgard

The Alberta Distance Learning Centre has an Internet site that you may find useful. The address is as follows: http://www.adlc.ca

The use of the Internet is optional. Exploring the electronic information superhighway can be educational and entertaining. However, be
aware that these computer networks are not censored. Students may unintentionally or purposely find articles on the Internet that may
be offensive or inappropriate. As well, the sources of information are not always cited and the content may not be accurate. Therefore,
students may wish to confirm facts with a second source.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Copyright © 2007, by Alberta Distance Learning Centre, 4601-63 Avenue, Barrhead, Alberta, Canada, T7N 1P4. Additional copies
may be obtained from the Alberta Distance Learning Centre.
No part of this courseware may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying (unless
otherwise indicated), recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of Alberta Distance
Learning Centre.
Every effort has been made both to provide proper acknowledgement of the original source and to comply with copyright law. If
cases are identified where this effort has been unsuccessful, please notify Alberta Distance Learning Centre so that appropriate
corrective action can be taken.

IT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO COPY ANY PART OF THESE MATERIALS UNDER THE TERMS OF
A LICENCE FROM A COLLECTIVE OR A LICENSING BODY.
Preview/Review Concepts
for
Grade Eight Science

W3 - Lesson 1:
Transmission and Absorption
of Light
 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, you should

• name and define the different types of matter related to light transmission

• describe how colours are produced and why different materials have
different colours

• name and describe various forms of artificial light

• name some natural sources of light

GLOSSARY

absorption - taking something in transmission - movement of light

and keeping it there waves through something

bioluminescence - light produced wavelength - the distance

by living organisms between the tops of two
waves
reflect - to bounce off
Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 1 Science Grade 8

W3 - Lesson 1: Transmission and Absorption of Light

Welcome to W3 - Lesson 1. This lesson is designed to teach you
how light absorption and light transmission affect the way we
see objects. It should take about 1.5 hours to complete; there will be
a small homework assignment at the end.

Transmission and Absorption of Light

When light leaves a source of energy, its transmission is

determined by properties of the matter it encounters. Matter can
be transparent, translucent, or opaque.

• Transparent materials allow the light to pass through; an ex-

ample is a clear glass of water.

• Translucent materials like sunglasses or frosted glass allow

only a portion of the light to pass through.

• Opaque materials such as wood or metal do not allow light to

pass through.

To summarize, light can pass through objects that are transparent

or translucent, but not through objects that are opaque. Light
travels in all directions from its source unless blocked.

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 1

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 1

Activity 1

Read and understand pages 213 to 215 in Science in Action 8. Then,

answer the following questions.

1. Light energy travels in what form?

___________________________________________________________

2. When two rainbows form, does the formation of the colors ap-
pear exactly the same? Explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

3. Draw a diagram to explain what happens to white light as it

passes through a prism.

2 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 1 Science Grade 8

Absorption of Light

Light travels as waves of energy. Colours are a product of light.

Each colour is produced by a specific wavelength of light.

Read pages 213 to 215 in Science in Action 8.

If we see a colour, the wavelengths that make them are reflected

from the material you are looking at. All other wavelengths
(colours), are absorbed by it.

If you see the colour of pink on a sweater, the sweater is absorbing

all the colours of the spectrum except the colour of pink; pink is
the only colour that the sweater reflects. If you see the colour of
black, such as a black garbage bag, all the colours of the visible light
spectrum are absorbed and none are reflected.

Darker colours tend to collect heat in the sun because they absorb
most of the visible light. A dark or black-coloured car on a sunny
summer day will absorb sunlight and become very warm. This is
why it is not a good idea to wear dark coloured clothing on a hot
summer day — you will get very warm.

White objects reflect light; they will stay relatively cool and will
not be heated by the sun. If you have ever gone skiing in the
wintertime, you will know that it is possible to get sunburned
because the white snow reflects sunlight onto your face.

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 3

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 1

Activity 2

Read and understand pages 216 to 217 in Science in Action 8. Then,

answer the following questions.

1. What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

3. Name two types of electromagnetic radiation other than light.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

3. If you had a red shirt, what colour(s) of the visible light spec-
trum would it be reflecting and what colour(s) would it be ab-
sorbing?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. Why do black-coloured objects heat up when they sit outside in

the sun?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 1 Science Grade 8

5. If you expose a white-coloured object to the sun it would stay

cooler than a black object. What is the reason for this?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Transmission of Light

Light that is transmitted can be produced artificially. Three kinds

of artificial light are used in our daily lives.

1. The first is incandescent. Inside a glass bulb is a thin wire

filament through which electricity passes. This causes the wire
to heat to a high temperature, and it gives a white-hot glow.

2. The second is fluorescent. When electricity flows through

the fluorescent tube, it causes the mercury vapor to give off
ultraviolet light. The tube is coated with a special white powder
called phosphor. Phosphor converts ultra violet light into
visible light.

3. The third is called phosphorescent light. When ultraviolet

light hits phosphorescent materials, the materials store the
energy and will glow in the dark until all the energy is released.
A good example of phosphorescent light is the light given off by
glow-in-the-dark toys.

The most important natural light source is the sun. Another form
of natural light is bioluminescence where an organism, such as a
firefly or a glow worm, is able to produce its own light .

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 5

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 1

Activity 3

Read and understand pages 222, 223, and 225 in Science in Action
8. Then, answer the following questions.

1. The textbook discusses light sources. Give an example of three

natural light sources and three artificial light sources.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

2. What is a photophore and how does it produce light?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

3. Give one reason people are switching from incandescent lights to

fluorescent lights in their home.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

You should now be able to meet all the objectives listed at

the beginning of the lesson. Go through the list to see if
there is anything you need to spend more time on.

6 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 1 Science Grade 8

Extended Activity (Homework)

Make a collage of light sources using pictures from the Internet, old
catalogues, or magazines. Glue these pictures on a regular sheet of
paper or cardboard (8.5 x 11 inch). Your collage must have a title
such as Light Sources or Environmentally Friendly Light Sources, or
a title of your choice.) These pictures could include sources related
to the visible and invisible light spectrum.

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 7

 Science Grade 8
W3 - Lesson 2: Reflection and
Refraction of Light
V5-07
 Important Concepts of Grade 8 Science Materials
Required
W1 - Lesson 1 ...................................................................... Mass, Volume, and Density
W1 - Lesson 2 ............................................................. Solubility and Saturation Points
Textbook:
W1 - Lesson 3A ...................................................... Viscosity, Flow Rate, and Buoyancy
Science in
W1 - Lesson 3B .................................................................................... Simple Machines
Action 8
W1 - Lesson 4 .................Gears, Mechanical Advantage, Speed Ratios, and Efficiency
W1 - Lesson 5 .....................................................................Hydraulics and Pneumatics
W1- Quiz
W2 - Lesson 1 ....The Role of Cells within Living Things, Cells-Tissue-Organ System
W2 - Lesson 2 ......................................................................................... The Microscope
W2 - Lesson 3 ................................................................................ Body Systems Part 1
W2 - Lesson 4 ................................................................................ Body Systems Part 2
W2 - Lesson 5 ................................................ Problems Associated with Body Systems
W2 - Quiz
W3 - Lesson 1 ....................................................Transmission and Absorption of Light
W3 - Lesson 2 .......................................................... Reflection and Refraction of Light
W3 - Lesson 3A ...................................................................................Vision and Lenses
W3 - Lesson 3B .. Water in its Various States Affects Earth’s Landforms and Climate
W3 - Lesson 4 ........................................................ Adaptations to Aquatic Ecosystems
W3 - Lesson 5 ........................................................................................... Water Quality
W3 - Quiz ..........................................................................................................................

Science Grade 8
Version 5
Preview/Review W3 - Lesson 2

Publisher: Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Author: Kevin De Clerq
In-House Teachers: Barb Philips and Norene Pinder

Project Coordinator: Dennis McCarthy

Preview/Review Publishing Coordinating Team: Nina Johnson,
Laura Renkema, and Donna Silgard

The Alberta Distance Learning Centre has an Internet site that you may find useful. The address is as follows: http://www.adlc.ca

The use of the Internet is optional. Exploring the electronic information superhighway can be educational and entertaining. However, be
aware that these computer networks are not censored. Students may unintentionally or purposely find articles on the Internet that may
be offensive or inappropriate. As well, the sources of information are not always cited and the content may not be accurate. Therefore,
students may wish to confirm facts with a second source.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Copyright © 2007, by Alberta Distance Learning Centre, 4601-63 Avenue, Barrhead, Alberta, Canada, T7N 1P4. Additional copies
may be obtained from the Alberta Distance Learning Centre.
No part of this courseware may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying (unless
otherwise indicated), recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of Alberta Distance
Learning Centre.
Every effort has been made both to provide proper acknowledgement of the original source and to comply with copyright law. If
cases are identified where this effort has been unsuccessful, please notify Alberta Distance Learning Centre so that appropriate
corrective action can be taken.

IT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO COPY ANY PART OF THESE MATERIALS UNDER THE TERMS OF
A LICENCE FROM A COLLECTIVE OR A LICENSING BODY.
Preview/Review Concepts
for
Grade Eight Science

W3 - Lesson 2:
Reflection and Refraction
of Light
 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, you should

• define and work with the law of reflection

• define refraction

• explain how refraction can be increased or decreased

• explain how to separate the colours of the spectrum

GLOSSARY

law of reflection - the angle of refraction - the bending of

incidence (angle that light light as it passes from
hits a surface) equals the one medium to another
angle of reflection
visible spectrum - the range
reflection - bouncing light off a of wavelengths that
surface produce visible light
Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 2 Science Grade 8

W3 - Lesson 2: Reflection and Refraction of Light

Welcome to W3 - Lesson 2. This lesson is designed to teach you
the difference between light reflection and light refraction. It
should take about 1.5 hours to complete.

Light can be reflected or refracted if it hits the right material or

surface. This lesson discusses some of the principles involved with
these properties of light.

Reflection of Light

Reflection occurs when light hits an object and bounces off it,
much like when you bounce a ball. When the ball hits the floor or
wall, it bounces off it. When light strikes a surface, whether smooth
or rough, it can bounce back. Many objects such as a mirror reflect
light. In fact, you see because of reflected light. Everything around
you that you can see is reflecting light.

If you see the colour of an object, the object is absorbing all the light
in the visible light range of the spectrum except the colour that you
can see; that colour is being reflected.

The law of reflection states that if a light ray hits an object at

a certain angle, it will bounce off the object at the same opposite
angle. A more scientific way of saying this is “the angle of incidence
equals the angle of reflection”.

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 1

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 2

Mirrors are common

reflecting surfaces. A
mirror with a smooth
surface creates an image
that appears to be behind
the mirror. We know that
this is not possible because
the mirror is opaque and
no light can pass
through it.

Activity 1

Read and understand pages 193, 194, and 196 in Science in Action
8. Then, answer the following questions.

1. Why would you want to wear reflective clothing if you were

walking home on a dark night beside a busy highway ?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

2. Describe regular reflection.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 2 Science Grade 8

3. Describe diffuse reflection.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. How does a two-way mirror work?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

5. What kind of mirrors provide the clearest reflections?

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Define the angle of reflection.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 3

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 2

Refraction of Light

Light does not bend as it travels through a medium. It travels in straight lines. However,
when light passes from one medium to another, for example, air to water, light bends and
its speed changes. This is called refraction.

A pencil in a glass of water appears broken because the light, as

it enters the water, has refracted to make the pencil appear out
of shape. When you look at the bottom of a lake, objects in the
water appear to be in different locations than their actual location.
The more dense the material that light enters, the greater the
refraction.

You have learned that the visible spectrum has a range of

wavelengths. White light is made of the entire visible spectrum
combined. As white light passes from air into another medium, its
speed changes and it refracts. Each wavelength in the spectrum
refracts at a slightly different angle, so the colors are separated,
and a rainbow is produced.

For example, as the light enters a prism and as it leaves the

change of speed causes the light waves to refract and the colors to
separate, giving us a rainbow.

Activity 2

Read and understand pages 201 and 203 in Science in Action 8.

Then, answer the following questions.

1. What is refraction and how does it occur?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 2 Science Grade 8

2. How does refraction change in substances with different densi-

ties?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

You should now be able to meet all of the objectives

listed at the beginning of the lesson. Go through the list
to see if there is anything you need to spend more time
on.

If you have some time remaining start Lesson 3A because

there is much material that must be covered.

Extended Activity (Homework)

Have you ever seen a mirage? In your own words, explain how
this optical illusion occurs. You may have to use another source of
information.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 5

 Science Grade 8
W3 - Lesson 3A: Vision and Lenses
W3 - Lesson 3B: Water in its Various States
V5-07 Affects Earth’s Landforms and Climate
 Important Concepts of Grade 8 Science Materials
Required
W1 - Lesson 1 ...................................................................... Mass, Volume, and Density
W1 - Lesson 2 ............................................................. Solubility and Saturation Points
Textbook:
W1 - Lesson 3A ...................................................... Viscosity, Flow Rate, and Buoyancy
Science in
W1 - Lesson 3B .................................................................................... Simple Machines
Action 8
W1 - Lesson 4 .................Gears, Mechanical Advantage, Speed Ratios, and Efficiency
W1 - Lesson 5 .....................................................................Hydraulics and Pneumatics
W1- Quiz
W2 - Lesson 1 ....The Role of Cells within Living Things, Cells-Tissue-Organ System
W2 - Lesson 2 ......................................................................................... The Microscope
W2 - Lesson 3 ................................................................................ Body Systems Part 1
W2 - Lesson 4 ................................................................................ Body Systems Part 2
W2 - Lesson 5 ................................................ Problems Associated with Body Systems
W2 - Quiz
W3 - Lesson 1 ....................................................Transmission and Absorption of Light
W3 - Lesson 2 .......................................................... Reflection and Refraction of Light
W3 - Lesson 3A ...................................................................................Vision and Lenses
W3 - Lesson 3B .. Water in its Various States Affects Earth’s Landforms and Climate
W3 - Lesson 4 ........................................................ Adaptations to Aquatic Ecosystems
W3 - Lesson 5 ........................................................................................... Water Quality
W3 - Quiz ..........................................................................................................................

Science Grade 8
Version 5
Preview/Review W3 - Lesson 3

Publisher: Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Author: Kevin De Clerq
In-House Teachers: Barb Philips and Norene Pinder

Project Coordinator: Dennis McCarthy

Preview/Review Publishing Coordinating Team: Nina Johnson,
Laura Renkema, and Donna Silgard

The Alberta Distance Learning Centre has an Internet site that you may find useful. The address is as follows: http://www.adlc.ca

The use of the Internet is optional. Exploring the electronic information superhighway can be educational and entertaining. However, be
aware that these computer networks are not censored. Students may unintentionally or purposely find articles on the Internet that may
be offensive or inappropriate. As well, the sources of information are not always cited and the content may not be accurate. Therefore,
students may wish to confirm facts with a second source.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Copyright © 2007, by Alberta Distance Learning Centre, 4601-63 Avenue, Barrhead, Alberta, Canada, T7N 1P4. Additional copies
may be obtained from the Alberta Distance Learning Centre.
No part of this courseware may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying (unless
otherwise indicated), recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of Alberta Distance
Learning Centre.
Every effort has been made both to provide proper acknowledgement of the original source and to comply with copyright law. If
cases are identified where this effort has been unsuccessful, please notify Alberta Distance Learning Centre so that appropriate
corrective action can be taken.

IT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO COPY ANY PART OF THESE MATERIALS UNDER THE TERMS OF
A LICENCE FROM A COLLECTIVE OR A LICENSING BODY.
Preview/Review Concepts
for
Grade Eight Science

W3 - Lesson 3A:
Vision and Lenses
 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, you should

• name the parts of the eye and explain the function of each

• name the parts of a camera and explain the function of each

• explain the effect of concave and convex lenses on light

• identify the types of lenses used to correct near and far-sightedness

GLOSSARY

concave lens - thicker at the edges lens - a curved piece of transparent

than the center, diverge light material that refracts light in
a predictable way
convex lens - thicker at the center
than the edges, converge light
Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 3A Science Grade 8

W3 - Lesson 3A: Vision and Lenses

Welcome to Lesson 3A. This lesson is designed to describe the

differences and similiarities between vision and lenses. It should
take about 30 minutes to complete.

Vision

Vision is the ability to see the environment with an organ called

the eye. The human eye is delicate and important. The human eye
and a digital camera produce images in similar ways.

Light enters the eye through an opening called the pupil, which
controls the amount of light allowed to enter. The cornea is
the clear part that covers the front of the eye and is designed to
protect it from foreign objects. Sometimes, in older people, the
cornea develops cataracts (a clouding effect). However, they can be
removed by surgery.

The coloured area surrounding the pupil is the iris. On a bright

day, the iris makes the pupil very small, and in low light conditions
it opens to make a large pupil allowing more light to enter. A
convex lens at the front of the eye refracts the light and makes it
converge on the retina, which is located on the back part of the eye.
This lens changes its shape and focuses light to one point on the
retina.

Specialized nerve cells on the retina, called rods and cones, are
light sensitive. Cones work in bright light and detect colours. Rods
are stimulated in low light levels and give vision in shades of grey
and black. These specialized nerve cells send the message to the
optic nerve, which transmits the image to the brain.

The camera has parts that perform similar functions. The

aperature allows light through. The diaphragm controls
the size of the aperature. The lens focuses the light and
the light hits and stimulates the film or sensor array.

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 1

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 3A

Activity 1

Read and understand pages 231 to 232 in Science in Action 8. Then,

answer the following questions.

1. Sketch a human eye and label the major parts. Be sure you can
explain the function of each part.

2. The human eye has a pupil. What is its function?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

2 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 3A Science Grade 8

3. Describe how a “shutter” in a camera resembles the iris in the

pupil.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. Where is the retina located in the eye? _______________________

___________________________________________________________

5. Cells that are sensitive to light are called ___________________ .

6. Define the two types of photoreceptors and what do they do.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

7. Describe the function of the optic nerve.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 3

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 3A

Lenses

Lenses are made of transparent material and refract light. Lenses

are very important for the human eye and for other optical devices
such as cameras. They allow the image to be seen clearly because
they focus the image onto a retina located on the back of the eye
or, in a camera onto film. The lens in the eye is convex outwardly
rounded, thicker at the curve than the sides. It converges light
(brings it together).

A lens that is thicker at the edges and thinner in the centre bends
the light so that it spreads out or diverges. These types of lenses
are called concave lenses. All images produced by concave lenses
are smaller and sharper than the original image.

Concave lenses can be used to correct vision problems such as

nearsightedness, where the image forms in front of the retina.
This causes the individual to have difficulty seeing objects at a
distance but no trouble seeing objects nearby. To correct this
problem a concave lens is used to make the light rays diverge before
they enter the eye.

Convex lenses are thinner at the edges and thicker in the

centre. These lenses cause light rays to converge. This corrects
farsightedness where a person can see distant objects clearly
but has trouble seeing objects nearby. This vision impairment is
caused when the image falls behind the retina. When the rays are
converged by the lens, they focus closer to the front of the eye–on
the retina.

4 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre

Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 3A Science Grade 8

Activity 2

Read and understand pages 233 to 235 in Science in Action 8. Then,

answer the following questions.

1. Is the lens in the human eye convex or concave? ______________

2. Describe two vision conditions discussed in the text.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

3. The above conditions can be corrected. What can be prescribed

for people with either of these two conditions?

___________________________________________________________

4. Describe how night vision goggles work.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre .......................................................................................................... 5

Science Grade 8 Preview/Review Concepts W3 - Lesson 3A

Fill in the Blanks:

When the pupil of the eye is very large, it is said to be

_____________________________.

The organization that uses night vision goggles the most is

_____________________________.

The clear layer in the front of the eye is _________________________

The type of lens that focuses light onto one point is_______________

You should now be able to meet all the objectives

listed at the beginning of the lesson. Go through the
list to see if there is anything you need to spend more
time on.

6 ............................................................................................................. Developed by Alberta Distance Learning Centre