2008 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, Chongqing, China, November 9-13, 2008

The Analysis of Secondary Arc Extinction

Characteristics on UHV Transmission Lines
HE Baina1,2 , LIN Xin1, XU Jianyuan1
1
Shenyang University of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Liaoning Shenyang 110178
2
.Shandong University of Technology, College of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Zibo 255049

Abstract: One of the important operational conditions of a

single-circuit transmission line is the reclosing of circuit
breaker, which depends on the value of secondary arc current.
This paper presents the major methods of suppressing
secondary arc current in ultra-high-voltage power
transmission system. When the High Speed Earthing Switch is
adopted, the effect of secondary arc is studied. The magnitude
of the secondary arc current and recovery voltage in arc path
are obviously reduced after installing High Speed Earthing
Switch on line, which in turn reduces the extinction time of the Fig.1 Simplified circuit diagram of line
secondary arc and assures successful single-phase auto
reclosure. The arc affects the single-phase reclosing time of an The permutation way of the wire is shown in Fig.2.
ultra-high-voltage power transmission line ， which is
investigated on the basis of the secondary arc models.
Index Terms : Recovery voltage ； Secondary arc ；
Simulation；High Speed Earthing Switch；

I. INTRODUCTION
With the development of power industry，in numbers of
countries ， many research projects concerning with
ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission systems have been
carried out[1,2]. It is necessary to develop UHV power
transmission，and it is feasible technically. One of the most
important technological problems is to eliminate the
secondary arc. If the secondary arc is not put out quickly，
the circuit breaker will be reclosed the trouble in arc light，
which affects the stability of system.
The rapid single-phase auto-reclosing system is important Fig.2 Wiring way of the wire
for UHV AC transmission lines to ensure to the
requirements of high reliability of main lines. On the lines According to the Fig.2, the parameters of system are
of the grade of voltage under 220kV ， the operating calculated by program, which are shown in Table 1.
experiences show the effect of secondary arc can be The calculation expression formula of the capacitance is
neglected. On the lines above 330kV，because of the high as follows.
voltage and the long span of UHV lines，the arcing time is
long[3]，so single-phase auto reclosing is very difficult, and 10 −6
C0 = 2
(F/km) (1)
it is necessary to investigate secondary arc on UHV lines. H sm H mm
This paper regards 750kV system as research object to 18 ln
req Dm2
investigate secondary arc.
II. GENERATION AND SUPPRESSION OF H mm
ln
SECONDARY ARC Dm
C12 = × 10 −6 (F/km) (2)
On UHV power transmission lines, when single-phase D H H H2
18 ln m sm ln sm 2mm
earthing trouble happen，it will appear secondary arc on req H mm req Dm
lines. Steady-state secondary arc currents per phase at
different locations of the lines, are calculated not only
taking into account its capacitive coupling, but also its 0.0241
C1 = × 10 −6 (F/km) (3)
magnetic coupling [4,5]. Simplified circuit diagram of line Dm
is shown in Fig.1. In the Fig.1, QF is circuit breaker. lg
req

978-1-4244-2810-6/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE 516

 TABLE 1 SYSTEM PARAMETERS •
IB
Voltage level 750kV •
IC

Frequency 50Hz L2 L2

Length(l) 150km
1 1 1
C0 C0 C0
Direct-to-ground 4 2 4
6.7233e-009 (F/km)
capacitance(C0) • • • •
I B + IC M 2 M 2 I B + IC
Phase-to-phase
1.8314e-009 (F/km)
capacitance(C1) Fig.4 Inductance coupling circuit
Mutual inductance(M) 6.1285e-007 (H/m) Considering mutual inductance, when phase C is
broken, the generated voltage in the distance
• • of dx is：
Positive inductance(L1) 9.2032e-007 (H/m) • • • U + U xC
d E = jwMdx ( I xB + I xC ) = jwMdx xB
•
λ
Z c1
There are two kinds of methods to suppress secondary = − jwMdx
U xA
= −
jwMU
e
j
l dx (5) x

arc：neutral point of shunt reactor linking with reactance； Z c1 Z c1

Installing HSES on line is more effective method to The voltage between midpoint and ending of line is：
suppress secondary arc. On the lines, HSES opens after 0 x
• wMU j l λ wMlU j λ
fault currents have been cut off by circuit breakers [6,7].
∫
2
E= − j e dx = (e − 1)
Supposed phase C is in short fault, capacitive coupling Z c1 Z c1λ
l 2
circuit is shown in Fig.3.
In calculation, leakage reactance of power and inductance j 2 MU λ j
λ
of line are neglected, the voltage of every phase is equal. = sin e 4 (6)
L 4
Supposed that three phases symmetric voltages are U A ，U B
and U C , their value are U .
For UHV power transmission line,
λ λ
λ is small, so
sin ≈ , then
C12 l 4 4
λ λ
• jMU λ j 4 jwMlU j 4
C12 l C12 l
E≈ × e = e (7)
L 2 2Z c1

• •
IV. CALCULATION OF SECONDARY ARC
− 0.5U C0 l C0 l C0l −0.5U
CURRENT
The secondary arc current is the sum of two currents
derived from the electrostatic and electromagnetic coupling
Fig.3 Capacitive coupling circuit
from the energized phases after the primary arc current is
cleared via circuit breakers [8,9]. Then，the extinguishment
III. CALCULATION OF RECOVERY VOLTAGE of secondary arc is mainly depended on recovery voltage
which is generated by electrostatic induction at
The electrostatic induction component of recovery point-of-failure.
voltage is generated by line-to-line capacitance, according According to Fig.1 ， when HSES is closed ， the
to Fig.3, the following equation can be got. electrostatic induction of secondary arc current on line is:
• • 1 • C −C
• • •
U SC = I l = −U 1 0
jωC 0 l C 0 + 2C1
(4) I SC = − 0.5U × (− jω 2C12l ) = jω U C12l (8)
The value of electromagnetic induction current
It is obvious that U SC is determined by not length of component I gm is related to the position of
lines but capacitance. point-of-failure. According to Fig.5，when the short dot
The electromagnetic induction component of recovery happening in midpoint of line, I gm is zero. Secondary arc
voltage is generated by line-to-line mutual inductance of current is the sum of electrostatic induction component and
energized line. The electromagnetic induction• component electromagnetic induction component.
jλ x
directs
• •proportion to the length of line. Let U x = Ue ，
I x = U x Z c1 ，• where ： λ x = λ x l ， λ = wl LC1 , I qg = I SC + I gm (9)
Z c1 = L C1 , I x is current of energized lines；X is the
distance between point-of-failure
• • and• midpoint of line.
Before failure, U xA + U xB + U xC = 0 , inductance
coupling circuit is shown in Fig.4.

517
 DL Energized Lines DL

Ism(A)
1400

1200

DL Fault Line DL
1000

800

HSES HSES
600

400

Fig.5 Analysis circuit of HSES 200

Fig.5 shows the current generated when the earthing

0
switches are closed. When earthing switches are closed，a
closed circuit is formed through the arc at the
采样点
-200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

point-of-failure. When the earthing switches on both ends

are closed，the electromagnetic induction current in the arc (c) electromagnetic induction component of secondary arc current
path is canceled.
When circuit breakers are opened and HSES are closed

Isc(A)
100

quickly on the fault line，the direct-to-ground capacitances 50

of fault line are in short fault，which come into being shunt

circuit with short dot. Thus，it can reduce the secondary arc 0

current of short dot.

-50

V. SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

-100

On the basis of upper calculation and analysis, first, it can

calculate the induction voltage ( E ) by MATLAB program -150

and simulate model of secondary arc by SIMULINK. Then

it can get the oscillograms of the secondary arc current and -200
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t(s)

recovery voltage.
A digital simulation was performed, by means of (d) electrostatic induction component of secondary arc current
SIMULINK, of an untransposed 150km 750kV line, Fig.6 Point-of-failure at 30km of Line
designed according Fig.3 to evaluate the secondary arc
current and recovery voltage. They are plotted versus time
in Fig.6. The line was assumed to be in operation at no-load. Five
x 10
4 point-of-failures were simulated, respectively. The
Usm(V)

1.5

secondary arc current was considered at steady state

1 through an arc path of nil resistance. The results of
simulation are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
0.5

0
TABLE 2 SIMULATION RESULT BEFORE INSTALLING HSES

-0.5
X(km) 0 30 75 120 150

Iqg(A) 44.83 41.789 37.4 39.752 52.06

采样点
-1
0 5000 10000 15000

Uhf(kV) 96.524 64.409 50.698 64.405 96.858

(a) electromagnetic induction component of recovery voltage
5
x 10
TABLE 3 SIMULATION RESULT AFTER INSTALLING HSES
Usc(V)

1.5

1
X(km) 0 30 75 120 150

Iqg(A) 23.53 20.083 18.64 19.76 27.43

0.5

Uhf(kV) 6.856 4.384 3.847 4.653 6.584

0

-0.5 According to Tables, the peak value of the secondary arc,

Iqg, is 52.06A before installing HSES, and it reaches 27.43A
-1
after installing HSES. With regard to the recovery voltage,
-1.5 t(s)
Uhf, the crest value is 96.858kV, which is reduced to
6.584kV.
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

As was to be expected, the values of secondary arc

(b) electrostatic induction component of recovery voltage current and recovery voltage are decreased after installing

518
HSES, which assures successful single-phase autoreclosure [4] Lin Xin, He Baina, Xu Jianyuan. Analysis of Secondary Arc Extinction
Characteristics on UHV Line. High Voltage Engineering, Vol.32,
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[5] He baina. The Investigation of High Speed Grounding Switches on
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The research to the secondary arc extinct characteristics
on UHV(750kV class) transmission lines by HSES draws
conclusions as follows： BIOGRAPHIES
(1) After installing HSES on lines ， the electrostatic
induction component of recovery voltage and secondary arc
are not related to the length of line；The electromagnetic He Baina (1977-), female, doctor, Shenyang
induction component is zero on the mid point of line, and it university of technology. She is engaged in studying
is the biggest at both ends. high voltage and insulation.
(2) In order to cut off the induction current fast, operating Email:hbn770425@163.com
organization of electronic spring is used to raise breaking
velocity of HSES, which can improve the ability of
shunting of HSES.

REFERENCES Lin xin (1961-), female, Shenyang university of

technology professor and tutor of doctor. She is
[1] T. Yamada et al, “Feature articles, UHV A.C. transmission system,” engaged in studying the theories and application of
Journal of IEE of Japan, Vol. 102, No.11, p.1~83, 1982.
[2] UHV AC Transmission committee power system working group, the high-pressure electric apparatus.
CRIEPI report, “Characteristics of UHV AC transmission system,” Email: sylinxin@163.com
1982
[3] Y. Ohura, A. Nakamura, M. Takemoto and H. Arakawa, “Reclosing
technique of 1000kV power system,” IEE of Japan, PE-83-56, July
1983

519