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Multirange Amm

The document describes how to design a multi-range ammeter by adding shunt resistors in parallel with the meter movement. It explains that shunt resistors divide the measured current to extend the measurement range, unlike voltmeters which divide voltage in series. Formulas are provided to calculate the necessary shunt resistance values for different ranges based on the meter movement's intrinsic range. A circuit diagram shows a five-position switch connecting individual shunt resistors for ranges of 5mA, 10mA, 15mA, 20mA, and higher ranges requiring consideration of power dissipation in the shunt resistors.

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938 views5 pages

Multirange Amm

The document describes how to design a multi-range ammeter by adding shunt resistors in parallel with the meter movement. It explains that shunt resistors divide the measured current to extend the measurement range, unlike voltmeters which divide voltage in series. Formulas are provided to calculate the necessary shunt resistance values for different ranges based on the meter movement's intrinsic range. A circuit diagram shows a five-position switch connecting individual shunt resistors for ranges of 5mA, 10mA, 15mA, 20mA, and higher ranges requiring consideration of power dissipation in the shunt resistors.

Uploaded by

mujtaba21
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment Design a Multi-range Ammeter

Theory:

Meter designed to measure electrical current is called an ammeter


because the unit of measurement is "amps."

In ammeter designs, external resistors added to extend the


usable range of the movement are connected in parallel with the
movement rather than in series as is the case for voltmeters. This
is because we want to divide the measured current, not the
measured voltage, going to the movement, and because current
divider circuits are always formed by parallel resistances.

To design an ammeter to have a full-scale range of 5 mA(or more)


using the same meter movement as before having an intrinsic full-
scale range of only 2.5 mA, we would have to re-label the
movement's scale to read 0mA on the far left and 5mA on the far
right, rather than 0 mA to 2.5 mA as before. Whatever extended
range provided by the parallel-connected resistors, we would have
to represent graphically on the meter movement face.
For Different-Scale Range:
Some amount of shunt resistance should be added in parallel to the
meters self resistance.
To calculate the amount of shunt resistance to be added for the
desired range as follows:
RSH = ?

RSH = Vs / Ifs

Vm = VSH

ImRSH = ISHRSH

and

RSH is shunt resistance .


I is calibrated current.
Im is full scale current.

Now to find Rm for different Ranges:


For 5mA:

RSH1 = (2.5mA) (2k) / 5mA – 2.5mA

RSH1 = 2k ohm

For 10mA:

RSH2 = (2.5mA) (2k) / 10mA – 2.5mA

RSH2 = 666 ohm

For 15mA:

RSH3 = (2.5mA) (2k) / 15mA – 2.5mA

RSH3 = 400 ohm

For 20mA:

RSH4 = (2.5mA) (2k) / 20mA – 2.5mA

RSH4 = 280 ohm

Circuit Diagram of Multi-range AMM.


Notice that the range resistors are connected through the switch
so as to be in parallel with the meter movement, rather than in
series as it was in the voltmeter design. The five-position switch
makes contact with only one resistor at a time, of course. Each
resistor is sized accordingly for a different full-scale range, based
on the particular rating of the meter movement (2.5 mA, 100 Ω).

One thing to be aware of when sizing ammeter shunt resistors is


the factor of power dissipation. Unlike the voltmeter, an ammeter's
range resistors have to carry large amounts of current. If those
shunt resistors are not sized accordingly, they may overheat and
suffer damage, or at the very least lose accuracy due to
overheating. For the example meter above, the power dissipations at
full-scale indication are:
As F.S is 2.5mA and meter resistance is 100 ohms so we have F.S
movement = (2.5mA)(100ohm) = 0.25v.
So
1/8 watt resistor would work just fine for all designed ranges, but if
we design for 1Amp range RSH5 will be 5 milli ohms so the power
dissipated by the shunt resistance will be :

so a high power rating resistor should be if the designed range is 1Amp


or more.

Design Summary

• Ammeter ranges are created by adding parallel "shunt" resistors


to the movement circuit , providing a precise current division.
• Shunt resistors may have high power dissipations, so be careful
when choosing parts for such meters!
• Shunt resistors can be used in conjunction with high-resistance
voltmeters as well as low-resistance ammeter movements,
producing accurate voltage drops for given amounts of current.
Shunt resistors should be selected for as low a resistance value as
possible to minimize their impact upon the circuit under test.

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