universty of engineering and technology,Lahore (ksk campus)

CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT

EXCHANGER
LAB MANUAL

Submitted To:

Mam Farah Butt

Submitted By:

Abu Bakkar Siddique (2014-CH-215)

Abu Bakar Khan (2014-CH-218)

M Shahbaz Bhatti (2014-CH-220)

Sikandar Nazir (2014-CH-222)

Ali Khan (2014-CH-227)

1|Page
LAB MANUAL

CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

2|Page
 LIST OF CONTENT

Introduction 4

Equipment description 6

Experimental capabilities 7

Overall energy balance and energy losses 8

Effect of heat transfer in countercurrent and parallel flow 10

Effect of flow of heat and calculation of Reynolds number 12

Exchanger effectiveness by NTU method 15

3|Page
 INTRODUCTION:

Heat exchanger is equipment that is used to exchange heat from one

fluid to other fluid. Heat exchangers can exchange heat by direct contact and also
can exchange heat by a solid wall that is used to exchange heat from a fluid to
cold fluid. On the basis of this exchanging heat exchangers can be classified into
two categories
 Recuperative type
 Regenerative type
Heat exchangers can be classified on the basis of
 Construction
 Transfer processes
 Degrees of surface compactness
 Flow arrangements
 Pass arrangements
 Phase of the process fluids
 Heat-transfer mechanisms
On the basis of construction heat exchangers can be classified as
 Tubular heat exchangers
o Double pipe
o Shell and tube
o Coiled tube
 Plate heat exchangers
o gasketed
o spiral
o plate coil

4|Page
  Extended surface heat exchangers
o tube-fin
o plate-fin
 Regenerators
o fixed matrix
o rotary
Concentric tube heat exchanger is used to study the heat transfer between hot
water flowing through internal tube and cold water that is flowing between ring
shaped area between internal tube and external tube.
The equipment consist of two parts
 Base unit
 Concentric tube heat exchanger
Base unit can be used for
1. Water heating
2. Hot and cold water flow measurements
3. Hot water pump
4. Change the direction of cold water
The base unit and concentric tube heat exchanger are joined by flexible tubes to
flow hot and cold water. The concentric tube heat exchanger is used to measure
the temperature of hot and cold fluid at different points. During performing the
test exchanger’s temperature, temperature of heating tank water and water flows
can be seen on the screen.

5|Page
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS:
HOT WATER CIRCUIT
Hot water flows through a closed circuit. An electrical resistance is immersed in
the tank that is used to heat the water up to a certain temperature. The water
then leaves the tank and flows through the circuit by a pump. Some water flows
through the circuit and some of the water returns back to the tank by the bypass
valve. This hot water is cooled by using cold water along the heat exchanger that
can be seen through the sensor (SC-1) and get out of the circuit and then
restarting the cycle again.

COLD WATER CIRCUIT

Cold water enters into the main inlet, goes through a flow control valve and
pressure regulator programmed at 0.5 bar to avoid any over pressure In the
Equipment. Then it goes through the flow sensor and after that it flows through
the exchanger where it is heated by the hot water which is coming from hot
water tank. Cold water may get
entered in the circuit from both
ends that depends upon the
position of the valve and that
can be parallel or
countercurrent flow.

For countercurrent flow

AV-2 Valve Closed
AV-3 Valve Open
AV-4 Valve Open
AV-5 Valve Closed
For parallel flow
AV-2 Valve Open
AV-3 Valve Closed
AV-4 Valve Closed
AV-5 Valve Open

6|Page
Heat Exchanger:
The heat exchanger consists of a vessel and a coil. Hot water flows through the
internal tube and cooling water flows through area between internal tube and
external tube. The heat exchanger consists of two tracts where heat transfer
takes place and allowing calculating the intermediate temperature for both fluids.
The heat exchanger consists of 6 thermocouples distributed: 3 to calculate cold
water temperature and 3 to calculate the temperature of hot water.

CONTROL SYSTEM:
The temperature of the water tank is controlled through the resistance power
limiting the temperature to 90c. Cold water is regulated by the control valve and
hot water is controlled by pump speed variation and bypass valve.

EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES:

Following experiments can be performed by using this unit;

Practice 1: overall energy balance in the exchanger and study of losses.

Practice 2: Effect of heat transfer in countercurrent and parallel flow conditions.

Practice 3: Influence of flow in heat transfer by calculating Reynolds number.

Practice 4: Determination of exchanger output effectiveness by NTU method.

7|Page
8|Page
 EXPERIMENT # 01
OVERALL ENERGY BALANCE IN THE EXCHANGER AND
STUDY OF LOSSES
OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this experiment is to find out the overall energy balance in
the heat exchanger and calculating the heat transferred by the hot water, and the
heat gained by the cold fluid and heat losses. We have also find out the
logarithmic average temperature differences and overall heat transfer coefficient.

MATERIALS
 EDIBON`s concentric tube heat exchanger.

PROCEDURE
 Verify that valves are opened and parallel flow configuration may have
been set.
 Check that tank is filled with water over the level switch.
 Turn on the pump and the resistance equipment power supply.
 Set the tank temperature in 50C.
 Set the hot water flow at about 3 L/mint and adjust cold water supply so
stationary that operating conditions may be reached also keep the
temperature constant in the tank.
 Note the temperature and flow rate values on the experimental sheet.
 Repeat the experiment for 5 to 6 times for different temperature of the
tank up to 55C, 60C, 65C.̊̊
 Once the values have been taken calculate the heat transferred by hot
water and heat absorbed by cold water and heat losses
 Also calculate the logarithmic average temperature differences and overall
heat transfer coefficient by using formulas by using area A=0.0565m 2
(∆ T 2−∆ T 1)
LMTD = ln ( ∆T 2/∆ T 1)
Q
U= A∗LMTD

9|Page
RESULTS AND TABLES
Table for the measurements taken during the practice
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
ST1 (C) 50 55 65 65
ST2 (C)
ST3 (C)
ST4 (C)
ST5 (C)
ST6 (C)
ST7 (C)
SC1 (l/min) 3 3 3 3
SC2 (l/min)

From these measurements the following variables may be calculated

 Heat transferred by hot water (Qh)
 Heat absorbed by the cold water (Qc)
 Heat losses (Q1)
 Logarithmic average temperature difference between hot and cold water
(LMTD)
 Overall heat transfer coefficient (U)
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
Qh (w)
Qc (w)
Q1 (w)
ΔTlm (k)
U (w/m2k)

Conclusion

10 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT # 02
EFFECT OF HEAT TRANSFER IN COUNTERCURRENT AND
PARALLEL FLOW
OBJECTIVE
 Comparison of heat transfer in countercurrent and parallel flow conditions
 Temperature distribution curves along the exchanger for both
configurations
MATERIALS
EDIBON`s concentric tube heat exchanger
PROCEDURE
 Verify that valves are opened and countercurrent flow pattern have been
set.
 Confirm the level of heating tank over the level switch.
 Set the temperature of tank at 65C.
 Set the flow rate of hot water at about 2.5l/min and set cold water flow to
reach the stationary operation conditions by keeping the temperature
constant in the tank.
 During the experiment write down the temperature and flow rates on
experimental sheets.
 Now set the position of valves in such a way that parallel flow of hot and
cold water has been confirmed.
 Assure that temperature at 65C of the tank is kept constant and flow rates
of hot and cold water and input temperatures have same values as those of
countercurrent flow.
 When the system have been reached to a stable value then write down the
flow rate and temperature on the experimental sheet.
 Find out the heat loss by hot water and heat absorbed by the cold water
and heat losses.
 Also find out the logarithmic difference of average temperature and
represent the temperature distribution curves.

11 | P a g e
RESULTS AND TABLES

Test 1 countercurrent flow Test 2 parallel flow

ST1 (C) 65 65
ST2 (C)
ST3 (C)
ST4 (C)
ST5 (C)
ST6 (C)
ST7 (C)
SC1 (l/min) 2.5 2.5

 Heat transferred by hot water (Qh)

 Heat absorbed by the cold water (Qc)
 Heat losses (Q1)
 Logarithmic average temperature difference between hot and cold water
(LMTD)

Test1countercurrent flow Test 2 parallel flow

Q (w)
Q (w)
Q (w)
ΔTlm (k)

CONCLUSION
In case of countercurrent flow LMTD is greater than parallel flow which shows
that heat transfer rate in case of countercurrent flow is greater than heat transfer
rate of parallel flow.
Draw the curves for change in temperature in both cases I,e parallel flow as well
as countercurrent flow.

12 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT # 03
Influence of the flow in heat transfer, Calculation of Reynolds
number.
OBJECTIVE
Calculate the speed and the Reynolds number associated with the motion of each
fluid.

MATERIALS
EDINON’s TITC Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger.

PROCEDURE
 Verify all the values that are opened and parallel fluid configuration have
been set.
 Verify water tank is filled over the level switch.
 Turn on the pump.
 Set tank temperature in 65oC.
 Set the hot water flow in 3 l/min. cold water flow adjust at operating
condition and tank temperature set constant.
 Write down temperature and flow measurement on the experiment sheet
also calculate hot water average temperature.
 Regulate hot water flow and drop it to 2.5 l/min and take cold water flow
constant. The average temperature must be reached same as hot water. In
order to do so, the tank resistance should be decreased and calculate
average temperature by using formula:
T 3+T 5
Tmh = 2
 Once the system is stabilized write down temperature and flow values on
the experimental sheet.
 Repeat steps 7 and 8for 2 l/min and 1.5 l/min hot water flow.
 You may calculate heat transferred by the hot fluid, heat gained by the cold
fluid and LMTD and may calculate hot and cold flow rates and the Reynolds
number by using formulas

13 | P a g e
 DG
Re= μ
m
G= a
πd 2
a= 4

RESULTS AND TABLES

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
ST1 (c) 65
ST2 (c)
ST3 (c)
ST4 (c)
ST5 (c)
ST6 (c)
Tmh=(ST3+ST5)/2
SC1 (l/min) 3 2.5 2 1.5
SC2 (l/min)

Considering the measurements above, we may calculate the following

thermodynamics variables:
 Heat transferred by the hot water (Qh).
 Heat absorbed by the cold eater (Qc).
 Heat losses (Ql).
 LMTD
 Overall heat transferred coefficient (U)
 Hot and cold water flow rates (u, uc)
 Reynolds number for cold and hot water

14 | P a g e
 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
Qh (w)
Qc (w)
Ql (w)
∆Thm (k)
U (w/m2k)
Uh (m/s)
Uc (m/s)
Re

CONCLUSION

EXPERIMENT # 04

15 | P a g e
 DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGER EFFECTIVENESS BY
NTU METHOD
OBJECTIVE
Main purpose of this experiment is to find out the effectiveness of exchanger
experimentally as well as theoretically by NTU method compare the results of
both methods. Output temperatures for hot and cold water should be estimated
and compared with the measured values.

MATERIAL
EDIBON`s concentric tube heat exchanger
PROCEDURE
 Verify that valves are opened and parallel flow configuration is set.
 Confirm the level of heating tank over the level switch.
 Set the temperature of tank at 65C.
 Set the flow rate of hot water at about 3 l/min and set cold water flow to
reach the stationary operation conditions by keeping the temperature
constant in the tank.
 Write down the temperature and flow rate measurements on the
experimental sheet.
 Set the valves in an optimum position to invert the direction of cold water
flow getting a parallel flow disposition.
 Make sure that temperature is kept constant at 65C in the tank.
 When the system get stable then write down the temperature and flow
rates in the experimental sheet.
 When the measurements have been taken then calculate the experimental
effectiveness and theoretical effectiveness by with NTU method by using
formula

 Also find out the theoretical temperature at output of heat exchanger.

RESULTS AND TABLES

16 | P a g e
 Test 1 Test 2
Countercurrent flow Parallel flow
ST1 (C) 65 65
ST2 (C)
ST3 (C)
ST4 (C)
ST5 (C)
ST6 (C)
SC1 (l/min) 3 3
SC2 (l/min)

Considering the measurements the following variables can be calculated

 Experimental effectiveness (ε)

 Heat transferred by the hot water (Qh)
 Logarithmic average temperature difference between hot and cold
water(ΔTlm)
 Parameter NTU
 Effectiveness obtained by the method (εNTU)
 Hot and cold fluid temperature at the exchanger outlet obtained from
experimental effectiveness (Th,o Tc,o)

Test 1 Test 2
Countercurrent flow Parallel flow
ε
Qh (w)
ΔTlm (k)
U.A (w/k)
NTU
CR
εNTU
Th,o (C)
Tc,o (C)
CONCLUSION

17 | P a g e
18 | P a g e