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2 7 An Intro To The Periodic Table PDF

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109 views17 pages

2 7 An Intro To The Periodic Table PDF

Uploaded by

Michael Clyde lepasana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

7 An Introduction
to the Periodic
Table
Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–2


Groups and Periods

On the periodic table,


• elements are arranged according to similar
properties.
• groups contain elements with similar properties in
vertical columns.
• periods are horizontal rows of elements.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–3


Groups and Periods

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–4


Group Numbers

Group Numbers
• use the letter A for the representative elements (1A to
8A) and the letter B for the transition elements.
• also use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–5


Names of Some Representative Elements

Several groups of representative elements are


known by common names.

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–6


Alkali Metals

Group 1A(1), the alkali metals, includes lithium,


sodium, and potassium.

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–7


Halogens

Group 7A(17) the


halogens,
includes chlorine,
bromine, and
iodine.

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–8


Learning Check

Identify the element described by the following.

A. Group 7A(17), Period 4


1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Group 2A(2), Period 3


1) beryllium 2) boron 3) magnesium

C. Group 5A(15), Period 2


1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–9


Solution

A. Group 7A (17), Period 4


1) Br
B. Group 2A (2), Period 3
3) magnesium
C. Group 5A(15), Period 2
3) nitrogen

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–10


Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

The heavy zigzag line


separates metals and
nonmetals.
• Metals are located to
the left.
• Nonmetals are located
to the right.
• Metalloids are located
along the heavy zigzag
line between the metals
and nonmetals.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–11


Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and
Metalloids

Metals
• are shiny and ductile.
• are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Nonmetals
• are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.
• are good insulators.
Metalloids
• are better conductors than nonmetals, but not
as good as metals.
• are used as semiconductors and insulators.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–12


Comparing a Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–13


Learning Check

Identify each of the following elements as


1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

A. sodium ____
B. chlorine ____
C. silicon ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–14


Solution

Identify each of the following elements as


1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

A. sodium 1 metal
B. chlorine 2 nonmetal
C. silicon 3 metalloid
D. iron 1 metal
E. carbon 2 nonmetal

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–15


Metals Tend to Lose Electrons

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–16


Nonmetals Tend to Gain Electrons

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–17

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