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Plate Design Procedure

This document provides the step-by-step procedure for designing a plate column. It involves calculating the flooding velocity, column dimensions, liquid flow arrangement, plate design parameters like hole area and number of holes, pressure drop calculations, and residence time. The key design parameters are a column diameter of 1.41m, a plate spacing of 0.475m, a hole diameter of 5mm, a hole area of 0.12m2, and a total plate pressure drop and residence time of 172mm and 3.2 seconds respectively.

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Daniel Andres Canro Calderón
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139 views8 pages

Plate Design Procedure

This document provides the step-by-step procedure for designing a plate column. It involves calculating the flooding velocity, column dimensions, liquid flow arrangement, plate design parameters like hole area and number of holes, pressure drop calculations, and residence time. The key design parameters are a column diameter of 1.41m, a plate spacing of 0.475m, a hole diameter of 5mm, a hole area of 0.12m2, and a total plate pressure drop and residence time of 172mm and 3.2 seconds respectively.

Uploaded by

Daniel Andres Canro Calderón
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plate-Design Procedure

1.1 Flooding velocity:


The flooding condition fixes the upper limit of vapor velocity. A high vapor velocity is needed
for high plate efficiencies, and the velocity will normally be between 70 and 90% of that which
would cause flooding. For design, a value of 80 to 85% of the flooding velocity should be used.
The flooding velocity can be estimated from the correlation given by Fair (1961) :

ρ L −ρv
U f =K 1
√ ρv
Ec 1

Where:
U f : Flooding vapour velocity (m/s), based on the net column cross-sectional area An
K 1 : A constant obtain from Figure 1.
The liquid-vapor flow factor F LV in Figure 1 is given by

L w ρv
F LV =
V w ρL√Ec 2

Where:
Lw : Liquid mass flow rate, Kg/h;
V w : Vapor mass flow rate, Kg/h;

Therefore

Kg Kg

√
27363.03 58.13
h m3
F LV =
Kg Kg
534427.14 398.34 3
h m
F LV =0.019=0.02

Plate Spacing: 18 inch = 0.475 m


Figure 1. Flooding
velocity, sieve plates.

K 1=0.9
Therefore from Ec 1.

kg kg

√
398.34 3
−58.13 3
m m
U f =0.9
kg
58.13 3
m
U f =2.1773 m/s
Design for 85% flooding at maximum flow rate:

^ f =2.1773∗0.85=1.8 5 m/s
U
Volumetric flow rate:
ṁ 534427.14 Kg/h
V̇ = = =2.55 m3 /s
ρ Kg
58.13 3 ∗3600
m
Net area required:
V̇ 2.55 m3 / s
An = = =1.38 m2
^ f 1.8 5 m/s
U
As first trial, take downcomer area as 12% of total.
1.2 Column cross-sectional area:
1.38 m 2 2
Ac = =1.57 m
0.88
1.3 Column diameter:
A c∗4
Dc =
√ π
1.57 m2∗4
Dc =
√ π
=1.41m

1.4 Liquid-Flow Arrangement:


1.4.1 Tray Type: Single Pass

Figure 2. Selection of liquid-flow arrangement

Liquid flow rate = 0.02 m3/s

1.4.2 Entrainment
un (actual velocity based on net area)
p e r centage flooding=
uf
1.85 m/s
percentage flooding= =85 %
2.18 m/s

1.1 Figure 3 Entrainment correlation for sieve plates (Fair, 1961).


Fractional Entrainment ,ψ =0.15

1.5 Provisional plate design


Column diameter Dc =1.41 m
Column Area A c =1.57 m2
Downcomer area A d=0.12∗1.57=0.19 m2 , at 12 %

Net Area A n= A c −A d =1.57−0.19=1.38 m2

Active area A a= A c −2 A d=1.57−0.38=1.19 m2

Hole area A h take10 % A a as first trial=0.12m2


Weir length Dc =0.77∗1.41 m=1.09 m

Take weir height 50 mm


Hole diameter 5 mm
Plate Thickness5 mm

1.6 Weep point checking

1.7 Weir liquid crest:

2 /3
7.60 Kg/s
h ow=750
[ Kg
398.34 3 ∗1.09 m
m ] =50.56 mm liquid

h w + how =50+50.56=100.56 mm=101 mm

Figure 4. Weep-point correlation (Eduljee, 1959).


From Figure 4, K 2=31
uh =
[ K 2−0.90 ( 25.4−d h ) ]
1/ 2
( ρ v)
Where
m
uh =vapor velocity throughthe holes ( based on thehole area ) , ;
s
d h=hole diameter , mm ;

K 2=a constant , obtained ¿ figure 4

Therefore

uh =
[ 31−0.90 (25.4−5 ) ] =1.66 m/ s
1/ 2
( 58.13 )
1.8 Plate pressure drop
Vapor velocity through holes:
1.66
uh = =13.83 m/ s
0.12
Plate Thickness 5 mm
= =1
Hole diameter 5 mm
A h 0.12m2
= =0.10∗100=10
A a 1.19m2

Figure 5. Discharge coefficient, sieve plates (Liebson et al, 1957).

C o=0.84
13.83 2 58.13
h d=51 ( )
0.84 398.34
=39.56 mm liquid=40 mmliquid

Residual head
12.5 x 103
hr = =31.38 mm liquid
398.34

Total Plate pressure drop


hT =h d +h w + how + hdc

hT =40+101+31=172 mm liquid

1.9 Downcomer design (back-up)


Downcomer pressure loss

Take h ap=hw −10=40 mm

Area under apron, Aap =hap l w =0.04∗1.09=0.0436 m2


2
7.60
h dc=166 ( 398.34∗0.0436 )
=31. 7 8 mm∨0.32m

0.32 < ½ (plate spacing + weir height). So, plate spacing is acceptable.
1.10 Residence time:
Ad hbc ρ L
t r=
Lwd
0.19∗0.32∗398.34
t r= =3.2 s
7.60

>3 s, satisfactory.
1.11 Perforated area:

Figure 6. Relation between angle subtended by chord, chord height,


and chord length.
lw
From Figure 6, at =¿ 0.77 θc =99º
Dc
Angle subtented by the edge of the plate=180-99=81º

Mean Length, unperforated edge strips=(0.79-50 x 10-3) π x 81/180=1.05 m


Area of unperforated edge strips = 50 x 10-3 x 1.05 = 0.053 m2
Mean length of calming zone, approx.. = weir length + width of unperforated strip = 0.6 + 50 x 10 -3 =
0.65 m.
Area of calmin zones = 2(0.65 x 50 x 10-3)=0.065 m2

Total area for perforations, A p =0.38−0.053−0.065=0.262 m2

Ah 0.038
= =0.145
A p 0.262

Figure 7. Relation between hole area and pitch.

lp
From figure 7, =2.6; satisfactory, within 2.5 to 4.0
dh

1.12 Number of holes


Areaof one hole=1.964 x 10−5 m2

0.12 m 2
Number of holes= =6109
1.964 x 10−5 m2
1.13 Summary of plate design:
Column diameter Dc =1.41 m
Column Area A c =1.57 m2
Downcomer area A d=0.12∗1.57=0.19 m2 , at 12 %

Net Area A n= A c −A d =1.57−0.19=1.38 m2

Active area A a= A c −2 A d=1.57−0.38=1.19 m2


Hole area A h take10 % A a as first trial=0.12m 2
Weir length D c =0.77∗1.41 m=1.09 m

Take weir height 50 mm


Hole diameter 5 mm
Plate Thickness5 mm
Total Plate Pressure Drop 172 mm liquid
Residence Time 3.2 s
Total Plate Pressure Drop 172 mm liquid
Number of holes 6109

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