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Practice Problem Final

1) Impact occurs when two bodies collide over a short period of time, exerting large forces on each other. Central impact is when the collision is head-on, while oblique impact is at an angle. 2) The coefficient of restitution e is the ratio of separation to approach velocities after and before impact. It ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 being completely inelastic (plastic) and 1 being completely elastic. 3) Two example problems are given to demonstrate calculating velocities after central and oblique impacts using conservation of momentum and the coefficient of restitution.

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95 views12 pages

Practice Problem Final

1) Impact occurs when two bodies collide over a short period of time, exerting large forces on each other. Central impact is when the collision is head-on, while oblique impact is at an angle. 2) The coefficient of restitution e is the ratio of separation to approach velocities after and before impact. It ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 being completely inelastic (plastic) and 1 being completely elastic. 3) Two example problems are given to demonstrate calculating velocities after central and oblique impacts using conservation of momentum and the coefficient of restitution.

Uploaded by

Afaq Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Impact:

Impact occurs when two bodies collide with each


other during a very short period of time, causing
relatively large (impulsive) forces to be exerted
between the bodies.
• Striking of a hammer on a nail
• Golf club on a ball (1)

Central Impact:
Occurs when the direction of motion of the mass
centers of the two colliding particles is along a line
passing through the mass centers of the particles.
This line is called the line of impact, which is perpendicular to the plane of
contact

Oblique Impact:
When the motion of one or both of the particles make an angle with the line
of impact, as shown in Fig. (b), the impact is said to be oblique impact.
When oblique impact occurs between two smooth particles, then they move
away from each other with velocities having unknown directions as well as
unknown magnitudes (04 unknowns).

• Mostly, the initial velocities of the particles will be known, and it will be
necessary to determine their final velocities (𝑣𝐴 )2 and (𝑣𝐵 )2 .
Coefficient of Restitution:
• Coefficient of Restitution 𝒆 is equal to the ratio of the relative velocity of
the particles' separation just after impact, (𝑣𝐵 )2 −(𝑣𝐴 )2 , to the relative
velocity of the particles' approach just before impact, (𝑣𝐴 )1 −(𝑣𝐵 )1 ·
• Experimentally, it has been found that 𝒆 varies appreciably with impact
velocity as well as with the size and shape of the colliding bodies.
• In general 𝒆 has a value between 0 and 1. (2)

Elastic Impact (𝒆 = 1): If the collision between the two particles is perfectly
elastic, the deformation impulse 𝑷 𝑑𝑡 is equal and opposite to the
restitution impulse 𝑹 𝑑𝑡 . Although in reality this can never be achieved,
𝒆 = 1 for an elastic collision.
Plastic Impact (𝒆 = 0): The impact is said to be inelastic or plastic when
(𝒆 = 0). In this case there is no restitution impulse 𝑹 𝑑𝑡 , so
that after collision both particles couple or stick together and move
with a common velocity.
☞ In particular, if the impact is perfectly elastic, no energy is lost in the
collision; whereas if the collision is plastic, the energy lost during collision is a
maximum.
• According to Fig (a) & (e) above; momentum for the system of particles is
conserved since during collision the internal impulses of deformation and
restitution cancel, so it’s required:

• During the deformation phase for particle A, Figs. (a), (b), and (c), we
have:

• For the restitution phase, Figs. (c) , (d), and (e), we have:

• The ratio of the restitution impulse to the deformation impulse is called


the coefficient of restitution, e. From the above equations, this value for
particle A is:
• Similarly, for particle B is:
Sample Problem L11A_1:
The bag A, having a weight of 6 𝑙𝑏, is released from rest at the position
𝜃 = 0°, as shown in Fig. (a). After falling to 𝜃 = 90°, it strikes an 18-lb
box B.
If the coefficient of restitution between the bag and
box is 𝑒 = 0.5, determine the velocities of the bag &
box just after impact. What is the loss of energy during
collision?

Solution: Free-Body Diagram:


This problem involves central impact.
Sample Problem L11A_2: Two smooth disks A and E, having a mass of 1
kg and 2 kg, respectively, collide with the velocities shown in Fig.(a). If the
coefficient of restitution for the disks is 𝑒 = 0.75, determine
the 𝑥 & 𝑦 components of the final velocity of each disk just after collision.
Solution: Free-Body Diagram:
This problem involves oblique impact.

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