Machines and Power Electronics

1.0 Draw the magnitude plot (asymptotic bode) of the transfer function 2/(s2 + 3s + 2).

2.0 If a dc motor with an emf constant of 2 V/(rad/s) is delivering a torque of 20 Nm, the armature
current is __________ A.

3.0A second order closed loop system has a natural frequency of oscillations = 2 rad/sec and
damping ratio = 0.707. Where are the closed loop poles located?

4.0 A mechanical system has a mass, spring and damper. To construct an electrical equivalent
circuit, if force is represented by voltage and velocity by current, then the spring and damper
may be represented by ______________ and ________________ respectively.
dx1
= − x1 − x 2
dt
Ans: X1(s) / U(s) =
dx 2
= −2x1 − 3x 2 + 5u(t)
dt

5 Give the condition for critical stability from the Bode Plot.

6 Sketch the Pole-zero Positions for a Lead Network with one pole and one zero

7 A second order closed loop system has a natural frequency of oscillations = 2 rad/sec and
damping ratio = 0.707. Where are the closed loop poles located?

8. For the control system shown, with a PI Controller, it is required to determine the ultimate value
of K and the corresponding frequency F of oscillations at the out put, with Ki set at zero

Ans: K= F= (Hz)

9. A DC machine experiences flux saturation at 2 A field current. When operated as a generator

running at 1000 rpm and 0.5 A field current, it generated 50 V. The output voltage at 2000 rpm
and 1 A field current will be _____________ V.
10. A load draws a current i(t) = 4sin(ωt-30o) + sin(3ωt+10o) + 0.5sin(5ωt+20o), when supplied by a
voltage source v(t) = 3125sin(ωt). The rms value of the current is __________ A and the power
drawn by the load is _________ W.

Instrumentation and Control

1. Draw the magnitude plot (asymptotic bode) of the transfer function 2/(s2 + 3s + 2).

2. A mechanical system has a mass, spring and damper. To construct an electrical equivalent
circuit, if force is represented by voltage and velocity by current, then the spring and damper
may be represented by ______________ and ________________ respectively.

3. A 3 ½ digit digital voltmeter has a full scale of 200 mV. Draw a circuit that would convert the
meter into a 20 W full scale ohm meter. Mark the values of all the circuit elements.

4.0 Give the condition for critical stability from the Bode Plot.
5.0 Sketch the Pole-zero Positions for a Lead Network with one pole and one zero

6.0 A second order closed loop system has a natural frequency of oscillations = 2 rad/sec and
damping ratio = 0.707. Where are the closed loop poles located?

7.0 Determine the transfer function X1(s)/U(s) from the following equations:
dx1
= − x1 − x 2
dt
Ans: X1(s) / U(s) =
dx 2
= −2x1 − 3x 2 + 5u(t)
dt

8.0. The time response to an ideal impulse for a linear time invariant system was found to be:
-2t
f(t) =10 e sin (5t). Write down the Laplace transform of the output of the same system (in the
s-domain) when it is subjected to a Unit Step Input.

9.. In the circuit shown in Fig. Q12, an ideal switching transistor is used for ON/OFF operations
The collector side load impedance is composed of two branches in parallel. Branch No1 is a
 series combination of a 2 Ohm resistance and a 10 milli H
inductor. Branch No.2 is a plain 3 ohm resistance. Determine the
current in the transistor, when it is ON. If it is suddenly switched
off at t = 0, determine the magnitude of the voltage across the
transistor, VAB
+
at t = 0
Ans: a) b)
Fig. Q12

Power systems

1. Assuming the efficiency of Power Transmission to be constant, if the voltage is increased ‘ n ’

times, the size of the conductor would be
(a) reduced to 1 2 times that of the original.
n
(b) increased to n 2 times that of the original.
(c) reduced to 1 times that of the original.
n
(d) increased to n times that of the original.

2. Grading of the string of suspension type insulators is done such that:

a) the top most unit has minimum capacitance and the bottom most has maximum capacitance
b) the top most unit has maximum capacitance and the bottom most has minimum capacitance
c) all units have equal capacitance
d) none of the above

3. The steady state stability of the power system can be increased by

(a) using machines of high impedance.
(b) connecting lines in series.
(c) connecting lines in parallel.
(d) reducing the excitation of the machines.

4. The inductive interference between power and communication line can be minimized by
(a) increasing the distance between the conductors.
(b) Transposition of the power line.
(c) Transposition of the communication line.
(d) (b) and (c) both.

5. Given the following voltage and current expressions in single phase system.
vs (t ) = 2 × 230sin (ω t )
i(t ) = 2 + 2 ×10sin(ω t − 600 ) + 2 × 3sin(3ω t − 300 )
 Determine: Active power, P =
Reactive power, Q =
Power factor (pf) =

6. For the system given in the figure, which element with Vs = 230∠0V ,50 Hz
what value should be placed to make source power
factor unity? For this condition what is current, I form I

10+j15 ohms
source?
?

Fig. Q6

7. Find the machine angle δ , with the following assumptions: E = 1.0 , V ∠θ = 1 + j 0 , X s , X T , X L

are the synchronous, transformer and line reactance, respectively. All the values are in per
units. (1 mark)
X L =j 0.4 X L =j 0.4
E ∠δ
X T =j 0.3
V ∠θ

2 4
1
P = 1.0
X S = j 0.1
3 X L =j 0.4
5
X L =j 0.4

Fig. Q7

8. In Fig. Q11, find the real and reactive power flows in the transmission lines 1, 2 and 3 for the
above problem.

9. A 100 MVA 33 kV 3-phase generator has a sub-transient reactance of 15%. Find the base value
current and impedance. Find the actual value of the sub-transient reactance.

10. Circle the correct answer.

10.1 Insulation Breakdown –In a rod-plane air gap subjected to direct voltage, corona inception
voltage for negative polarity on the rod of is lower / higher than that for positive polarity on rod
and the break down voltage is lower / higher than that for positive polarity on rod due to positive
/ negative ion space charge.

ii) The intrinsic / thermal / erosion breakdown process of solid insulation is a fast / slow
process and the corresponding breakdown voltage is the highest / lowest.

10.2 Generation of High Voltage -

 i) Three 3-winding testing transformers are connected in cascade with the exciter, high voltage
and coupler windings of each rated for 200kVA, 100kVA and 100kVA respectively. Without
overloading any of the windings, the maximum output power possible will be 150 / 200 / 300
kVA decided by the exciter / high voltage / coupler winding of lower / upper most stage.

ii) Capacitive loading on an impulse generator primarily increases / decreases the front / tail
time while Inductive loading decreases / increases the front / tail time, with respect to open
circuit output.

10.3. High Voltage Measurement:

i) For impulse measurement with Resistance / Capacitance divider, matching impedance of

the measuring cable is connected in series / shunt at divider / oscilloscope end.

ii) Capacitors used for PD / Tan delta measurement should be lossless / discharge free and
are hence usually Gas filled / underrated.