WASTE TO ENERGY: IMPLEMENTING PYROLYSIS PLANT IN DUMAGUETE

CITY

Ademola Abigail Ayomide

BSN - I
Danika Kaye Ferraren
BSN - I
Alyssa Kristina Malaga
BSARCHT- II
Frank Matthew Noblefranca
BSN - II
Cheska M Pileo
BSN - I
Reena Viktoria Pileo
BSN - I

Asst. Prof. Hellene Piñero

May 2020
 WASTE TO ENERGY: IMPLEMENTING PYROLYSIS PLANT IN DUMAGUETE

CITY

Project Concept:

Waste issues have become a major global threat in line with the rapid increase of

our population. Waste pollution is one of the problems most countries are facing for

many years that needs a solution. The excess production, mismanagement, and

carelessness of our wastes brings various consequential environmental problems and

disasters if it persists and is not put into an end. Households are producing multiple

waste daily as well as industries, commercials, and municipals and landfills are piled

with wastes that are hard to decompose and break down.

The Pyrolysis plant is an innovative and efficient solution for this situation. It is

a one way of converting waste products and trash into a fuel – gasoline, diesel and

kerosene, steel wire, carbon. Pyrolysis plant decomposes solid materials and substances

that are no longer used. Furthermore, this project can also bring a positive impact to the

three vital factors; Social, Environmental, and Ecological.

Introduction

Environmental pollution today is mostly caused by the day-to-day accumulation

of plastic waste in the environment. Products found in grocery stores are mostly

packaged with plastics. There are 9.2 billion tons of plastics all over the globe, and most

of it exists as wastes which are collected and gathered onto our oceans where they break

down into tiny substances and most of the time, they do not biodegrade. These tiny

particles, when ingested by our aquatic animals, are very harmful and put our aquatic
life at risk. This became a recurring problem worldwide; even our local dump sites are

overloaded with plastic wastes and in return, endangering the health of neighbouring

communities in the area.

With the use of a Pyrolysis Plant, it will generate the reduction of wastes by

decomposing such solid, liquid wastes that takes place at high temperature. When it

produces vapor, the vapor will be cooled down and a distillation process must take

place. The final product will be the same as our regular fuel which can be sold at the

gasoline stations, also it will produce steel wires and carbons.

I. Purpose/Rationale

A. Reducing the number of waste piled up inside the Dumaguete City Sanitary

Landfill.

1. According to Dr. Emmanuel (2018), Dumaguete contributed about 24,900

tons or 124,000 cubic meters of waste, of which more than 65,600 cubic

meters were dumped in the Candau-ay dumpsite. This was the reason

why the City Government of Dumaguete is implementing a program

called Zero Waste Cities Project Dumaguete headed by Merci Ferrer, in

which a barangay level waste management systems in the city, it was the

most convenient way to address the garbage problem in the city, and for

proper waste segregation at the source which is the essence of the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.

 2. With the help of having a pyrolysis plant in Dumaguete City Landfill, this

equipment is worth the cost since the rapid increase of waste pollution is

one of the inevitable issues in our society and has become unstoppable.

The wastes that are present and abundant in the Dumaguete Dumpsite are

waste tires, waste plastics, oil sudge, medical waste, aluminized paper,

waste cable wires and these wastes that are applicable materials needed

for the pyrolysis plant.

B. Protecting the health of the citizens who live near the Dumaguete Sanitary Landfill.

1. Residents who live near the dumpsite in Brgy. Candau-ay are

complaining about the foul smell of the dumpsite and it may cause

complications to their health.

2. When the waste from the sanitary landfill will continue to decrease, it will

also decrease the health risk of the residents.

C. Investment of City Government of Dumaguete

1. If the City Government of Dumaguete will approve to have this

investment, the City Government of Dumaguete, thru the Sangguniang

Panlungsod will appropriate the amount of Two Million Nine Hundred

Thousand Pesos (Php 2,900,000.00) for the equipment to be procured and

the City Environment and Natural Resources Office will do the part for

the purchase request and Thirteen Thousand Five Hundred Sixty Eight

Pesos (Php 13,568.00) for the operating expenses. With all of these
 expenses, the City Government of Dumaguete can have their budget back

since this Pyrolysis Plant Equipment can generate an income.

II. Project Description

A. Goals and Objectives/Research Questions

1. To address the garbage problem around Barangay Candau-ay and to

encourage the City Envorinment and Natural Resources Office of Dumaguete City to

invest in the process of the Pyrolysis Plant Equipment.

2. To reuse the garbage waste from Dumaguete City dumpsite into energy.

B. Methodology and Timelines

1. Procurement of the Fully Continuous Pyrolysis Plant from the Henan Mingjie

Environmental Equipment Co., Ltd., will be done by the Bids and Awards Committee

of the City Government of Dumaguete through public bidding.

2. The location of the Fully Continuous Pyrolysis Plant will be at the Dumaguete

City Landfill.

3. The City Engineers of Dumaguete will lead the operation of the pyrolysis plant

equipment, the maintenance of the equipment and their Environmental Officer will

strictly organize the proper waste segregation.

4. The applicable materials that are for the pyrolysis plant are waste tires, waste

plastics, oil sudge, medical waste, aluminized paper, waste cable wires and these

materials will be converted into energy such as oil, carbon, steel wires.

5. As soon as the City Government of Dumaguete City along with the

Sangguniang Panlungsod will approve the investment, the team will immediately
coordinate with the Dumaguete City Environmental and Natural Resources Office and

Bids and Awards Committee, to relay the information and then contact the Henan

Mingjie Environmental Equipment Co., Ltd to avail the fully continuous pyrolysis

plant. The estimated time or date of arrival to receive the equipment will be in 6-12

months including the bidding and negotiation process of the equipment.

C. Benefits/Anticipated Outcomes

Our society produces a large number of wastes. A number that is expected to

expand at a very alarming rate for the following years. This is one of the problems our

society is facing and has become unstoppable which may lead to serious environmental

consequences. By using pyrolysis, the garbage and waste products that are otherwise

dumped and piled up in landfills will be converted into energy. This economical waste

energy solution will have various benefits to people and the environment. Here are

some of the benefits:

Lesser waste production – The number of waste produced per year is rapidly

increasing. As of 2020, about 2.01 billion metric tons of municipal solid waste (MSW)

are produced annually worldwide. Dumaguete contributed about 24,900 tons or 124,000

cubic meters of waste, of which more than 65,600 cubic meters (including Silliman’s 415

truckloads) were dumped in the Candau-ay dumpsite. The use of pyrolysis equipment

will contribute to the minimization of waste production by converting these waste

products into energy.

 Climate benefit – Climate change and global warming is a real problem

nowadays bringing dangerous threats to the world and to humans. Currently, we are

experiencing changes in weather patterns, increasing temperature, flood, and rainfalls

due to the mismanagement of our wastes. This problem is expanding and in dire need

of measures to reduce and create ways how to manage the wastes we create. This

equipment can be our mitigation tool regarding our problem with climate change and

global warming.

Social - Improper waste management can have a negative impact to the health of

the people especially those living near landfills. By using this pyrolysis plant, it can

improve the quality of life and health of the people. It will reduce their risks of having

skin problems, respiratory problems, and other life threatening diseases due to waste

pollution.

Environmental - Waste products contribute to the contamination of our natural

resources such as soil and water, including air. This project can help reduce the negative

impact to the environment. It reduces the risk of soil, water, and air

contamination.Furthermore, this project can help in minimization of the amount of

waste existing in the landfills and help create a greener and cleaner environment for

everyone.

Income generating – the Henan Mingjie Environmental Equipment Co., Ltd.,

made a profit analysis in investing this pyrolysis plant. It is not just a profit for the

betterment of our environment, our waste reduction but also a profit that can be gain by

City Government of Dumaguete.

Income Generating Profit Analysis （10T/D

Daily Running Cost

Item Unit Price Total Amount

Raw materials **Raw materials can be found at --

Dumaguete City Dumpsite

Salary for **We can detail workers from the --

workers City Environment and Natural
Resources Office

Fuel 420m3, Php. 21.5/m3 Php.21.5/m3*420m3=Php

consumption 9,030

Electricity 18KW/H, Php. 10.92/unit 10.92/unit*18kw*18h=Php

consumption 3,538

Other Cost Php 1000 Php 1000

Total Expenses Php 13, 568

Daily Income

Pyrolysis oil 4.5T, Php. 4,742/T 4.5T*Php. 4742/T=Php,

(45%) 21,339

Steel wires (15%) 1.5T, Php 36,210 /T 1.5T*Php 9000/T=Php

54,315

Carbon black 3T, Php 80 /T 3T*Php 80/T=Php 2,400

(30%)
Combustible gas Recycled in the system
(10%)

Total Income Php 78,054

Remark: The above datas are estimated and it comes from Philippine Market.

Daily Profit Php 78,054 – Php 13,568 = Php 64,486

Monthly Profit Php 64,486/day*25 days= Php 1,612,150

(25 days)

Yearly profit (10 Php 1,612,150/month*10 months= Php 16,121,500

months)

III. Support Needed & Costs

Item Item Item Description Material Total

Name No. Cost (Php) Cost
(Php)

Fully 1 Fully Continuous Pyrolysis (Est) Php Php

Continuous Plant 2,900,000.00 2,900,000
Pyrolysis • Used for converting
Plant waste into energy
For the daily running cost of the equipment:
Item Unit Price Amount

Fuel Consumption 420 m3, Php. 21.5/m3 Php. 21.5/m3*420m3 =Php 9,030

Energy 18KW/H, Php Php 10.92/unit*18kw*18H =Php

Consumption 10.92/unit 3,538

Others =Php 1,000

Total Amount: Php 13,568

IV. Contact Information

Ademola, Abigail Ferraren, Danika Kaye J. Malaga, Alyssa Kristina Y.

abigailaademola@su.edu.ph danikajferraren@su.edu.ph alyssaymalaga@su.edu.ph

Noblefranca, Frank Matthew Q. Pileo, Cheska M. Pileo, Reena Viktoria S.

frankqnoblefranca@su.edu.ph cheskampileo@su.edu.ph reenaspileo@su.edu.ph
V. Conclusion

Since the invention of plastics, manufacturers have been using these to package

different products found almost anywhere such as grocery stores, department stores

and even pharmacies. Furthermore, improper segregation of plastics have led aquatic

animals to digest these harmful pollutants, adding to the growing number of waste

pollution due to plastics. Local dump sites are already overloaded with much trash

leading to endangering the health of neighboring communities.

Through the years, technology improved, giving people the chance to find a way

to solve waste pollution due to plastics. Jayme Navarro, a Filipino inventor, found a

way to convert plastic into fuel through the process of “Pyrolysis.” This method is a

way of decomposing solid and liquid wastes that takes place at a high temperature

without using oxygen or in an atmosphere of inert gases. In simpler terms, this method

only needs lower temperatures and only has lower emissions of some air pollutants that

are involved with the process of combustion.

However, converting waste to energy is a safe and widely known technological

means of waste disposal as it reduces greenhouse gases, provides clean energy, reduces

the risk of water pollution and can also help mitigate our climate change. The waste

combusted through pyrolysis does not generate methane which is a main contributor to

global warming and it is very dangerous to the human body, high enough

concentrations in the air can result in suffocation of air breathing creatures.

 Overall, waste management with the help of modern pyrolysis technology is

simpler and inexpensive than disposal to landfill. As a local project, pyrolysis can also

be a starting point in giving examples to other regions of the Philippines so that these

regions would gain the idea in managing their wastes from their local dump sites. The

Philippines, together as a nation, would then be a role model towards other countries to

pursue pyrolysis for waste management with the hopes of raising an international

concern in protecting our environment.

NOTECARDS

Subtopic: Introduction to Pyrolysis and The Basic Principles of Pyrolysis

Author/Title: Chowdhury Zaira Zaman, Kaushik Pal, Wageeh A. Yehye ….

Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste (Published: July 5th 2017)

Page Paraphrase: The word “pyrolysis” was derived from two Greek words: “pyro” - fire, and “lysis”-
disintegration into integral parts. It is an ancient technology, which was first used to make charcoal in
Middle East and Southern Europe 5500 years ago.

Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process of lignocellulosic biomass. It is done in an inert

atmosphere with the presence of Nitrogen or Argon gas flow, but with no oxygen.

A very reliable and environmentally friendly replacement resource for carbon‐based fuels and
chemicals is lignocellulosic biomass. Today, the non‐renewable fuels which are formed naturally
beneath the earth crust, are the major global supply of energy. Nevertheless, we must take note that
fossil fuels are now in short supply.

[Ademola, Abigail Ayomide]

Original Text

Pyrolysis is defined as the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic derivatives under inert conditions
in oxygen‐deficient environments. The word is resulting from two Greek words: ‘pyro’, which means
fire, and ‘lysis’, which means disintegration into integral parts. Pyrolysis technology is very old and
earlier it was first used for preparation of charcoal in Middle East and Southern Europe before 5500
years ago.

Lignocellulosic biomass is considered as a promising environmentally friendly substitute resource for

carbon‐based fuels and chemicals. Existing global supply of energy depends on non‐renewable fuels
such as oil, gas and coal formed naturally beneath the earth crust. However, the amount of fossil fuel is
limited now.

The thermal decomposition process of pyrolysis using lignocellulosic biomass takes place in the
absence of oxygen under inert atmosphere. As an inert atmosphere argon or nitrogen gas flow is
usually needed.

Source: Zaman, Z., Pal, K., Yehye, W., Suresh, Sagadevan, Shah, S., . . . Johan, R. (2017, July 05).
Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste. Retrieved May 20, 2020, from
https://www.intechopen.com/books/pyrolysis/pyrolysis-a-sustainable-way-to-generate-energy-
from-waste
Subtopic: Environmental responsibility

Author/Title: Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom. (2018, June 21). It’s in
your hands and in your feet, Dumaguete City.

Summarized Text:

Community engagement is one of the most vital aspects of effectively creating a change
in the environment. It encourages the sense of responsibility of the people of Dumaguete to
start doing and generate changes in the environment they live in. By creating a little change
and doing little things in helping our environment, it will create a significant and huge
environmental difference.

[Ferraren, Danika Kaye J.]

Original Text

Known for its rich and diverse marine resources and booming ecotourism, Dumaguete City was chosen to
be featured for this year’s Freedom Run to highlight the city’s best practices on environmental protection
and good governance – a driver of economic sustainability in the community. With theme, “Accelerating
Environmental Sustainability through Citizen’s Participation,” the event aims not only to recognise but
also to replicate best practices and to make these known for the Dumagueños so they would know ways
on how to participate in these initiatives by their local government.

Source: Friedrich Nauman Foundation for Freedom. (2018, June 21). It’s in your hands and in your feet,
Dumaguete City. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from https://philippines.fnst.org/content/its-your-
hands-and-your-feet-dumaguete-city
Subtopic: How green is waste-to-energy?

Author/Title: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works

Page Paraphrase:

The waste hierarchy tool must be taken into consideration because it presents organized and
structured actions on how to regulate and reduce waste. Before regulating waste, the following
must first be considered - recycling, minimization and composting. However, waste-to-energy
is much more desirable to landfill as it is above waste disposal. Achieving ‘green’ waste-to-
energy depends on the capabilities of the plant that can convert waste into energy and the
fraction of biodegradable waste. Thus, eventually affecting the decision whether it is the
‘recovery’ or the ‘disposal’ of waste. Combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion
and landfill gas recovery are examples on how to generate energy from waste.

[Malaga, Alyssa Kristina Y.]

Original Text

It’s important to place the idea of generating energy from waste in its proper context – and
the waste hierarchy does this best. The waste hierarchy tool indicates an order of preference
for actions to reduce and manage waste.

It places energy generation (recovery) below reducing waste, re-use, and recycling and
composting, meaning it’s those options that should be considered first when managing waste;
but above waste disposal meaning that waste-to-energy is preferable to landfill.

How truly ‘green’ waste-to-energy is depends on the efficiency of the plant turning the waste
into energy, and the proportion of the waste that is biodegradable. This affects whether the
approach is considered to be ‘recovery’ or simply ‘disposal’ of waste.

There are a number of ways of generating energy from waste. These include combustion,
gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery.

Source: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works. (2019, January) Retrieved Retrieved
May 15, 2020, from https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/blog/generating-energy-waste-how-it-
works
Subtopic: Pyrolysis: no oxygen, no trouble?

Author/Title: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works

Page Direct Quotation:

“Where pyrolysis is different from other methods listed so far is that decomposition of various
solid wastes takes place at high temperature, but without oxygen or in an atmosphere of inert
gases. This means the process requires lower temperatures, and has lower emissions of some of
the air pollutants associated with combustion (“Generating Energy from Waste: how it works,”
2019).”

[Malaga, Alyssa Kristina Y.]

Original Text

Where pyrolysis is different from other methods listed so far is that decomposition of various
solid wastes takes place at high temperature, but without oxygen or in an atmosphere of inert
gases. This means the process requires lower temperatures, and has lower emissions of some
of the air pollutants associated with combustion.

Source: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works. (2019, January) Retrieved Retrieved
May 15, 2020, from https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/blog/generating-energy-waste-how-it-
works
Subtopic: Reduce Pollution

Author/Title: Oposa, Juan Antonio. With carbon pricing, Train law can help
reduce pollution

Page Direct quotation:

“Diesel, gasoline, and LPG – all land transport fuels – are taxed a relatively high rate per ton
of carbon generated, even higher compared to other countries with carbon pricing policies
(“With carbon pricing, Train Law can help reduce pollution,” 2018).”

[Noblefranca, Frank Matthew Q.]

Original Text

Diesel, gasoline, and LPG – all land transport fuels – are taxed a relatively high rate per ton of
carbon generated, even higher compared to other countries with carbon pricing policies.

Source: With carbon pricing, Train Law can help reduce pollution. (2018). With Carbon
Pricing, Train Law Can Help Reduce Pollution. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/195337-tax-reform-law-carbon-pricing-reduce-
pollution
Subtopic: Sustainable power source

Author/Title: Oposa, Juan Antonio. With carbon pricing, Train law can help reduce
pollution

Page Paraphrase:

To abstain from expanding power rates for the on-grid buyers, SPUG territories ought to
think about moving to a sustainable power source and microgrid innovations. Sustainable
power source and battery innovation have gotten less expensive and better over the most
recent 10 years and guarantee to keep on improving later on.

[Noblefranca, Frank Matthew Q.]

Original Text

To avoid increasing electricity rates for the on-grid consumers, SPUG areas should consider
shifting to renewable energy and microgrid technologies. Renewable energy and battery
technology have become cheaper and better in the last 10 years and promise to continue to
improve in the future.

Source: With carbon pricing, Train Law can help reduce pollution. (2018). With Carbon
Pricing, Train Law Can Help Reduce Pollution. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/195337-tax-reform-law-carbon-pricing-reduce-
pollution
Subtopic: Innovation

Author/Title: Kraft, A. Turning Plastic into Fuel in the Philippines. ZD Net, 2012.

Page Summary:

Jayme Navarro found a solution by turning plastic waste such as non-biodegradable

and non-recyclable wastes into fuel by the process of Pyrolysis. He anticipated his invention if
it would be implemented massively, it could exactly resolve the problem we faced in our
sanitary landfills. Drying and shredding of applicable waste materials are the first process in
Pyrolysis. The heat will be the catalyst and when it produces vapor, the vapor will be cooled
down and a distillation process must take place. The final product is the same as our regular
fuel.

[Pileo, Cheska M.]

Original Text

A Filipino inventor has found a way to convert plastic trash into fuel – Gasoline,
Diesel and Kerosene. Though not a very new invention, Jayme Navarro has found his own
way of turning plastic into fuel, through a process called “Pyrolysis”. This patented system
has been proven to convert non-biodegradable and non-recyclable plastics into fuel. If
implemented in a large-scale this system could literally turn hill sized land fills in the
Philippines into a goldmine – “fuelmine”.

ECO-Tech also explains how it works:

"Pyrolysis is a fairly simple process, it starts by drying plastics to be

processed. They are then shredded into smaller pieces, and heated in a thermal
chamber. The melted plastic is continually heated until it boils and produces
vapors. The vapor is passed into cooling pipes and distilled into a liquid,
which is chemically identical to regular fuel."

Source: Philippines. Turning plastic waste into fuel. (2012, July). Retrieved May 15, 2020, from

https://www.zdnet.com/article/in-the-philippines-turning-plastic-waste-into-fuel/
Subtopic: Waste Management

Author/Title: Minerva, N. Waste Management at Barangay Level pushed

in Dumaguete City. Manila Bulletin, 2019.

Page Direct Quotation:

According to Ferrer (2019) have explained, “bringing down waste management to the
barangay level was the best approach to address the garbage problem in the city.” She also
stated, “the 30 barangays of Dumaguete City should be working on a decentralized system
with more Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) installed around the barangays for people to
learn how to properly segregate wastes at household source” (Ferrer, 2019).

[Pileo, Cheska M.]

Original Text

Ferrer explained that bringing down waste management to the barangay level was the best
approach to address the garbage problem in the city.

Ferrer said the 30 barangays of Dumaguete City should be working on a decentralized system
with more Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) installed around the barangays for people to
learn how to properly segregate wastes at household source.

Source: Waste Management at Barangay Level of Dumaguete City. (2019,February). Retrieved

Retrieved May 15, 2020, from https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/02/17/waste-management-at-
brgy-level-pushed-in-dumaguete/
Subtopic: Three barangays as starting line for the program

Author/Title: Gallarde, J. (2018, August 24). Zero waste program launched in 3 Dumaguete
villages.

Summarized Text:

The chosen villages as a startup of the program are Barangay Bantayan, Piapi, and Looc. The
reason for this is that these three chosen villages are close to each other and are near the
marine waters. This could be a good start in cleaning the marine waters, which is the most
convenient way in helping the city to deal with their large garbage problem according to the
chiefs of the three chosen villages.

[Pileo, Reena Viktoria S.]

Original Text

Barangays Bantayan, Piapi, and Looc are contiguous in terms of location and all are shoreline
villages.

Barangays Looc, Piapi, and Bantayan were chosen as pilot barangays of the Zero Waste
program because of the sheer political will of their respective barangay captains and village
councils, and the support of their communities, Ferrer said.

These three barangays are host to marine sanctuaries even as they are responding to the
international clamor for everybody to stop polluting the seas, rivers, and other bodies of
water.

In an interview, the three village chiefs said implementing the Zero Waste program is their
way of helping the city combat the huge garbage problem.

Source: Gallarde, J. (2018, August 24). Zero waste program launched in 3 Dumaguete villages.
Retrieved May 15, 2020, from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1045853
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Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste. Retrieved May 20, 2020
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