1.

hasilnya :

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo su

root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# exit

exit

2. hasilnya ;
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ls -

ls: cannot access -: No such file or directory

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ls

Desktop Documents Music Pictures Public Templates Videos

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ls /bin

archdetect gzexe pwd

autopartition gzip rbash

autopartition-loop hostname readlink

bash hw-detect register-module

bunzip2 in-target rm

bzcat ip rmdir

bzcmp kbd_mode rnano

bzdiff keyctl run-parts

bzegrep kill search-path

bzexe ld_static sed

bzfgrep list-devices select_mountoptions

bzgrep ln select_mountpoint

bzip2 loadkeys setfont

bzip2recover login setupcon

bzless log-output sh
bzmore ls sh.distrib

cat lsmod sleep

check-missing-firmware mapdevfs stty

chgrp mkdir su

chmod mknod sync

chown mktemp sysfs-update-devnames

chvt more tailf

cp mount tar

cpio mountpoint tempfile

dash mt touch

date mt-gnu true

dbus-cleanup-sockets mv ulockmgr_server

dbus-daemon nano umount

dbus-uuidgen nc uname

dd nc.traditional uncompress

debconf-get netcat unicode_start

df netstat update-dev

dir ntfs-3g user-params

dmesg ntfs-3g.probe vdir

dnsdomainname open which

dumpkeys openvt zcat

echo parted_devices zcmp

ed parted_server zdiff

egrep partman zegrep

false partman-commit zfgrep

fgconsole partmap zforce

fgrep perform_recipe zgrep

fuser pidof zless

fusermount ping zmore

get_mountoptions ping6 znew

grep preseed_command

gunzip ps

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ls /bin /etc /usr

/bin:

archdetect gzexe pwd

autopartition gzip rbash

autopartition-loop hostname readlink

bash hw-detect register-module

bunzip2 in-target rm

bzcat ip rmdir

bzcmp kbd_mode rnano

bzdiff keyctl run-parts

bzegrep kill search-path

bzexe ld_static sed

bzfgrep list-devices select_mountoptions

bzgrep ln select_mountpoint

bzip2 loadkeys setfont

bzip2recover login setupcon

bzless log-output sh

bzmore ls sh.distrib

cat lsmod sleep

check-missing-firmware mapdevfs stty

chgrp mkdir su

chmod mknod sync

chown mktemp sysfs-update-devnames

chvt more tailf

cp mount tar

cpio mountpoint tempfile

dash mt touch

date mt-gnu true

dbus-cleanup-sockets mv ulockmgr_server

dbus-daemon nano umount

dbus-uuidgen nc uname

dd nc.traditional uncompress

debconf-get netcat unicode_start

df netstat update-dev

dir ntfs-3g user-params

dmesg ntfs-3g.probe vdir

dnsdomainname open which

dumpkeys openvt zcat

echo parted_devices zcmp

ed parted_server zdiff

egrep partman zegrep

false partman-commit zfgrep

fgconsole partmap zforce

fgrep perform_recipe zgrep

fuser pidof zless

fusermount ping zmore

get_mountoptions ping6 znew

grep preseed_command

gunzip ps

/etc:

acpi group pcmcia

adduser.conf group- perl

alsa grub.d pm

alternatives gshadow pnm2ppa.conf

anacrontab gshadow- PolicyKit

apm gtk-2.0 popularity-contest.conf

apparmor hal power

apparmor.d hdparm.conf ppp

apport hesiod.conf profile

apt host.conf profile.d

at.deny hostname protocols

avahi hosts pulse

bash.bashrc hosts.allow purple

bash_completion hosts.deny python

bash_completion.d hp python2.6

bindresvport.blacklist ifplugd rc0.d

bluetooth init.d rc1.d

bogofilter.cf initramfs-tools rc2.d

bonobo-activation inputrc rc3.d

brlapi.key iproute2 rc4.d

brltty issue rc5.d

brltty.conf issue.net rc6.d

ca-certificates kbd rc.local

ca-certificates.conf kernel rcS.d

calendar kernel-img.conf readahead

casper.conf laptop-mode request-key.conf

chatscripts ldap resolvconf

checkbox.d ld.so.cache rmt

compizconfig ld.so.conf rpc

ConsoleKit ld.so.conf.d samba

console-setup lftp.conf sane.d

console-tools libpaper.d scim

cron.d locale.alias screenrc

cron.daily locale.gen scsi_id.config

cron.hourly localtime securetty

cron.monthly logcheck security

crontab login.defs sensors.conf

cron.weekly logrotate.conf services

cups logrotate.d sgml

dbus-1 lsb-base shadow

debconf.conf lsb-base-logging.sh shadow-

debian_version lsb-release shells

default ltrace.conf skel

defoma magic sound

deluser.conf magic.mime ssh

depmod.d mailcap ssl

dhcp3 mailcap.order sudoers

dictionaries-common manpath.config sysctl.conf

dm mime.types sysctl.d

doc-base mke2fs.conf syslog.conf

dpkg modprobe.d terminfo

e2fsck.conf modules timezone

emacs mono ts.conf

environment motd ucf.conf

esound motd.tail udev

event.d mtab ufw

firefox-3.0 mtools.conf updatedb.conf

fonts nanorc update-manager

foomatic netscsid.conf update-motd.d

fstab network update-notifier

fuse.conf NetworkManager usplash.conf

gai.conf networks vim

gamin nologin w3m

gconf nsswitch.conf wgetrc

gdm obex-data-server wodim.conf

gimp openoffice wpa_supplicant

gnome opt X11

gnome-app-install pam.conf xdg

gnome-system-tools pam.d xml

gnome-vfs-2.0 pango xulrunner-1.9

gnome-vfs-mime-magic papersize zsh_command_not_found

gre.d passwd

groff passwd-

/usr:

bin games include lib local sbin share src X11R6

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ls -1 /usr

bin

games

include

lib

local

sbin

share

src

X11R6

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ls -1a /bin /etc

/bin:

..

archdetect

autopartition

autopartition-loop

bash

bunzip2

bzcat

bzcmp

bzdiff

bzegrep

bzexe

bzfgrep

bzgrep

bzip2

bzip2recover

bzless

bzmore

cat

check-missing-firmware

chgrp

chmod

chown

chvt
cp

cpio

dash

date

dbus-cleanup-sockets

dbus-daemon

dbus-uuidgen

dd

debconf-get

df

dir

dmesg

dnsdomainname

dumpkeys

echo

ed

egrep

false

fgconsole

fgrep

fuser

fusermount

get_mountoptions

grep
gunzip

gzexe

gzip

hostname

hw-detect

in-target

ip

kbd_mode

keyctl

kill

ld_static

list-devices

ln

loadkeys

login

log-output

ls

lsmod

mapdevfs

mkdir

mknod

mktemp

more

mount

mountpoint
mt

mt-gnu

mv

nano

nc

nc.traditional

netcat

netstat

ntfs-3g

ntfs-3g.probe

open

openvt

parted_devices

parted_server

partman

partman-commit

partmap

perform_recipe

pidof

ping

ping6

preseed_command

ps

pwd
rbash

readlink

register-module

rm

rmdir

rnano

run-parts

search-path

sed

select_mountoptions

select_mountpoint

setfont

setupcon

sh

sh.distrib

sleep

stty

su

sync

sysfs-update-devnames

tailf

tar

tempfile

touch

true
ulockmgr_server

umount

uname

uncompress

unicode_start

update-dev

user-params

vdir

which

zcat

zcmp

zdiff

zegrep

zfgrep

zforce

zgrep

zless

zmore

znew

/etc:

..

acpi
adduser.conf

alsa

alternatives

anacrontab

apm

apparmor

apparmor.d

apport

apt

at.deny

avahi

bash.bashrc

bash_completion

bash_completion.d

bindresvport.blacklist

bluetooth

bogofilter.cf

bonobo-activation

brlapi.key

brltty

brltty.conf

ca-certificates

ca-certificates.conf

calendar

casper.conf
chatscripts

checkbox.d

compizconfig

ConsoleKit

console-setup

console-tools

cron.d

cron.daily

cron.hourly

cron.monthly

crontab

cron.weekly

cups

dbus-1

debconf.conf

debian_version

default

defoma

deluser.conf

depmod.d

dhcp3

dictionaries-common

dm

doc-base
dpkg

e2fsck.conf

emacs

environment

esound

event.d

firefox-3.0

fonts

foomatic

fstab

fuse.conf

gai.conf

gamin

gconf

gdm

gimp

gnome

gnome-app-install

gnome-system-tools

gnome-vfs-2.0

gnome-vfs-mime-magic

gre.d

groff

group

group-
grub.d

gshadow

gshadow-

gtk-2.0

hal

hdparm.conf

hesiod.conf

host.conf

hostname

hosts

hosts.allow

hosts.deny

hp

ifplugd

init.d

initramfs-tools

inputrc

iproute2

issue

issue.net

kbd

kernel

kernel-img.conf

laptop-mode
ldap

ld.so.cache

ld.so.conf

ld.so.conf.d

lftp.conf

libpaper.d

locale.alias

locale.gen

localtime

logcheck

login.defs

logrotate.conf

logrotate.d

lsb-base

lsb-base-logging.sh

lsb-release

ltrace.conf

magic

magic.mime

mailcap

mailcap.order

manpath.config

mime.types

mke2fs.conf

modprobe.d
modules

mono

motd

motd.tail

mtab

mtools.conf

nanorc

netscsid.conf

network

NetworkManager

networks

nologin

nsswitch.conf

obex-data-server

openoffice

opt

pam.conf

pam.d

pango

papersize

passwd

passwd-

pcmcia

perl
pm

pnm2ppa.conf

PolicyKit

popularity-contest.conf

power

ppp

profile

profile.d

protocols

pulse

purple

.pwd.lock

python

python2.6

rc0.d

rc1.d

rc2.d

rc3.d

rc4.d

rc5.d

rc6.d

rc.local

rcS.d

readahead

request-key.conf
resolvconf

rmt

rpc

samba

sane.d

scim

screenrc

scsi_id.config

securetty

security

sensors.conf

services

sgml

shadow

shadow-

shells

skel

sound

ssh

ssl

sudoers

sysctl.conf

sysctl.d

syslog.conf
terminfo

timezone

ts.conf

ucf.conf

udev

ufw

updatedb.conf

update-manager

update-motd.d

update-notifier

usplash.conf

vim

w3m

wgetrc

wodim.conf

wpa_supplicant

X11

xdg

xml

xulrunner-1.9

zsh_command_not_found

3. hasilnya :
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# "passwd"

Enter new UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

Sorry, passwords do not match

passwd: Authentication token manipulation error

passwd: password unchanged

4.hasilnya:
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# "pwd"

/home/ubuntu

5. hasilnya;
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ PS1="$"

$hostname

ubuntu

$uname

Linux

$uname-a

bash: uname-a: command not found

$uname -a

Linux ubuntu 2.6.28-11-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 17 01:57:59 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux

6. Hasilnya :

$who

ubuntu tty5 2010-12-21 19:10

ubuntu tty3 2010-12-21 19:10

ubuntu tty2 2010-12-21 19:10

ubuntu tty4 2010-12-21 19:10

ubuntu tty6 2010-12-21 19:10

ubuntu tty7 2010-12-21 19:11 (:0)

ubuntu tty1 2010-12-21 19:11

ubuntu pts/0 2010-12-21 19:23 (:0.0)

$finger

Login Name Tty Idle Login Time Office Office Phone

ubuntu Live session user *tty5 19 Dec 21 19:10

ubuntu Live session user *tty3 19 Dec 21 19:10

ubuntu Live session user *tty2 19 Dec 21 19:10

ubuntu Live session user *tty4 19 Dec 21 19:10

ubuntu Live session user *tty6 19 Dec 21 19:10

ubuntu Live session user tty7 19 Dec 21 19:11 (:0)

ubuntu Live session user *tty1 19 Dec 21 19:11

ubuntu Live session user pts/0 Dec 21 19:23 (:0.0)

$man

What manual page do you want?

$mkdir

mkdir: missing operand

Try `mkdir --help' for more information.

$rm

rm: missing operand

Try `rm --help' for more information.

$grep

Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...

Try `grep --help' for more information.

$grep root /etc /passwd

grep: /passwd: No such file or directory

$date

Tue Dec 21 19:31:06 UTC 2010

$mv

mv: missing file operand

Try `mv --help' for more information.

$gzip

gzip: compressed data not written to a terminal. Use -f to force compression.

For help, type: gzip -h

$gunzip

gzip: compressed data not read from a terminal. Use -f to force decompression.

For help, type: gzip -h

7. hasilnya :
auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static

address 172.16.6.200

netmask 255.255.0.0

network 172.16.6.200
broadcast 192.168.1.255

gateway 172.16.1.200

dns-nameservers 172.16.6.200