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1. Identify the missing particle in the following equation:
               U → He + ?
  a. 
Pu
  b. 
Th
  c. 
Th
  d. 
U
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b

2. The ratio of the atomic radius to the nuclear radius is approximately:

  a.  10–5
  b. 105
  c.  102
  d. 1015
  e.  10–15
ANSWER:   b

3. An unstable isotope of rhenium, 191Re, has a half-life of 9.8 minutes and is a beta producer. What is the other
product of the reaction?
  a.  191Os
  b. 191W
  c.  192Pt
  d. 190W
  e.  190Os
ANSWER:   a

4. The nuclide Th is radioactive. When one of these atoms decays, a series of α and β-particle emissions
occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of Pb. How many α particles are
emitted in converting Th into Pb?
  a. 6
  b. 8
  c. 2
  d. 214
  e. 4
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ANSWER:   a

5. It is desired to determine the concentration of arsenic in a lake sediment sample by means of neutron
activation analysis. The nuclide captures a neutron to form , which in turn undergoes β decay. The
daughter nuclide produces the characteristic γ rays used for the analysis. What is the daughter nuclide?
  a. 
Se
  b. 
Ge
  c. 
Ga
  d. 
Se
  e. 
Se
ANSWER:   d

6. Which of the following is a product of α decay of U?

  a. 
Th
  b. 
Np
  c. 
Pa
  d. 
U
  e. 
Pu
ANSWER:   a

7. Electron capture transforms K into what nuclide?

  a. 
Ca
  b. 
Ar
  c. 
He
  d. 
K–
  e. 
Ca
ANSWER:   b

8. Which of the following processes decreases the atomic number by one?

  a. gamma-ray production
  b. electron capture
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  c. beta-particle production
  d. positron production
  e. at least two of the above processes
ANSWER:   e

9. If Pb undergoes a beta decay and the product of this decay undergoes another beta decay, which nuclide is
produced?
  a. 
Bi
  b. 
P
b
  c. 
P
o
  d. 
Bi
  e. 
P
b
ANSWER:   c

10. Electron capture transforms Be into what nuclide?

  a. 
Li
  b. 
B
  c. 
L
i
  d. 
B
  e. 
C
ANSWER:   c

11. A radioactive isotope of vanadium, V, decays by producing a β particle and gamma ray. The nuclide
formed has the atomic number:
  a. 22
  b. 21
  c. 23
  d. 24
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

12. The nuclide Tl is the daughter nuclide resulting from the α decay of what parent nuclide?
  a. 
Pb
  b. 
Au
  c. 
Hg
  d. 
Bi
  e. 
He
ANSWER:   d

13. The nuclide N is unstable. What type of radioactive decay would be expected?

  a. 
e
  b. 
e
  c. σ
  d. α
  e. 
n
ANSWER:   b

14. Nuclides with too many neutrons to be in the band of stability are most likely to decay by what mode?
  a. alpha emission
  b. fission
  c. positron production
  d. electron capture
  e. beta emission
ANSWER:   e

15. The most likely decay mode (or modes) of the unstable nuclide C would be:
  a. positron production
  b. α-particle production
  c. electron capture
  d. β-particle production
  e. either positron production or electron capture, or both.
ANSWER:   e

16. When Np undergoes β– emission, the products are:

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  a. 
U + e–
  b. 
Pu + e–
  c. 
U + e–
  d. 
Pa + He
  e. 
Np + e–
ANSWER:   b

17. Which reaction will produce an isotope of the parent nuclide?

  a. 
Po → He + ?
  b. 
Br → n + ?
  c. 
Ac → e– + ?
  d. 
N → e– + ?
  e. 
As + e– → ?
ANSWER:   b

The Fe-56 nucleus is known to be stable. Answer the following questions.

18. What is the most likely decay for the Fe-53 nucleus?
  a. β decay
  b. positron emission
  c. α decay
  d. γ-ray emission
  e. two of these
ANSWER:   e

19. What is the most likely decay for the Fe-59 nucleus?

  a. β decay
  b. positron emission
  c. α decay
  d. γ-ray emission
  e. two of these
ANSWER:   a

The U-238 nucleus decays to form Pb-206 by α and β decays.

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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

20. Calculate the number of α decays.
  a. 2
  b. 4
  c. 6
  d. 8
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d

21. Calculate the number of β decays.

  a. 2
  b. 4
  c. 6
  d. 8
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

22. Which types of processes are likely when the neutron-to-proton ratio in a nucleus is too low?
I. α decay
II. β decay
III. positron production
IV. electron capture

  a. I, II
  b. II, III
  c. III, IV
  d. II, III, IV
  e. II, IV
ANSWER:   c

23. The so-called “magic numbers” of protons and neutrons produce special chemical stability.
  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   False

24. As atomic mass increases, the proton/neutron ratio of stable nuclides decreases.
  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   True

25. The rate constant for the beta decay of thorium-234 is 2.876 × 10–2 / day. What is the half-life of this
nuclide?
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  a. 48.19 days
  b. 1.220 days
  c. 0.693 days
  d. 24.10 days
  e. 96.38 days
ANSWER:   d

26. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a rate constant of 2.96 × 10–2 min–1. Calculate the time required
for the sample to decay to one-fourth of its initial value.
  a. 2.96 min
  b. 0.0592 min
  c. 23.4 min
  d. 29.3 min
  e. 46.8 min
ANSWER:   e

27. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a half-life of 32 min. Calculate the percent of original sample of
nuclides remaining after 1.9 hours have passed.
  a. 92%
  b. 50%
  c. 11.5%
  d. 8.5%
  e. 7.8%
ANSWER:   d

28. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a half-life of 32 min. Calculate the time required for 66% of the
nuclides to decompose.
  a. 19 min
  b. 21 min
  c. 65 min
  d. 58 min
  e. 50 min
ANSWER:   e

29. The number of a certain radioactive nuclide present in a sample decays from 160. to 20. in 33 minutes. What
is the half-life of this radioactive species?
  a. 6 minutes
  b. 11 minutes
  c. 16 minutes
  d. 21 minutes
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  e. 26 minutes
ANSWER:   b

30. The half-life of is 28 years. How long will it take for a given sample of to be 64% decomposed?
  a. 9.0 half-lives
  b. 18 years
  c. 41 years
  d. 1.0 years
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

31. The number of half-lives needed for a radioactive element to decay to about 6% of its original activity is
(choose nearest number):
  a. 2
  b. 3
  c. 4
  d. 5
  e. 6
ANSWER:   c

32. The Br-82 nucleus has a half-life of about 1.0 × 103 minutes. If you wanted 3.6 g of Br-82 and the delivery
time was three days, about how much NaBr should you order (assuming all of the Br in the NaBr was Br-82)?
  a. 3.6 g
  b. 7.2 g
  c. 4.5 g
  d. 93 g
  e. 9.6 g
ANSWER:   d

33. A radioactive sample has an initial activity of 2.00 × 106 cpm (counts per minute), and after 4.0 days, its
activity is 9.0 × 105 cpm. What is its activity after 27 days?
  a. 9.1 cpm
  b. 9.1 × 103 cpm
  c.  2.2 × 102 cpm
  d. 2.3 × 10–9 cpm
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b

A certain radioactive sample contains 2.4 × 103 nuclides at a certain time (t = 0); 3.0 h later the sample contains
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

6.0 × 102 nuclides.
34. For this sample the ratio of the decay rates at t = 0 to t = 3.0 h is:
  a. 1.0
  b. 8.0
  c. 4.0
  d. 16
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

35. The value of the rate constant for this process is:

  a.  2.2 h–1
  b. 4.6 × 10–1 h–1
  c.  1.6 h–1
  d. 3.0 h–1
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b

36. The half-life of is 28.1 years. How long will it take a 10.0-g sample of to decompose to 0.56 g?
  a. 78 years
  b. 234 years
  c. 117 years
  d. 175 years
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

37. The rate constant for the decay of is 4.230 × 10–3 / day. What is the half-life of
  a. 81.91 days
  b. 163.8 days
  c. 327.7 days
  d. 409.6 days
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b

38. A radioactive element has a half-life of 2.3 hours. How many hours will it take for the number of atoms
present to decay to one-sixteenth of the initial value?
  a. 37
  b. 18
  c. 9.2
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

  d. 0.21
  e. 23
ANSWER:   c

39. The half-life of a sample has been defined as the time it takes for half of a sample to decay. The fifth-life
can be defined as the time it takes for one-fifth of a sample to decay. Given these definitions, calculate the fifth-
life of a sample that has a half-life of 29 years.
  a. 9.3 years
  b. 67 years
  c. 19 years
  d. 33 years
  e. 47 years
ANSWER:   a

40. The Cs-131 nuclide has a half-life of 30. years. After 107 years, about 3.0 grams remain. The original mass
of the Cs-131 sample is closest to
  a. 71 g
  b. 18 g
  c. 36 g
  d. 124 g
  e. 43 g
ANSWER:   c

41. The I-131 nuclide has a half-life of 8.0 days. If you originally have a 1.8-kg sample, after 1.4 months you
will have approximately
  a. 95 g
  b. 62 g
  c. 71 g
  d. 47 g
  e. less than 1 g
ANSWER:   d

42. Use the following table to assist in answering the question below.

Nuclide Half-Life
Uranium-238 4.51 × 109 years
Uranium-234 2.48 × 105 years
Thorium-230 8.0 × 104 years
Radium-226 1.62 × 103 years
Lead-210 20.4 years
The rate constant for the decay of unstable nuclide X by alpha-particle emission is 2.37 × 10–8 / day. What is the
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identity of X?
  a. Uranium-234
  b. Uranium-238
  c. Radium-226
  d. Thorium-230
  e. Lead-210
ANSWER:   d

43. The half-life for electron capture for is 1.30 × 109 years. What percent of the original remains after
3.37 × 109 years?
  a. 83.4%
  b. 16.6%
  c. 76.5%
  d. 23.5%
  e. 41.5%
ANSWER:   b

44. Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:

               Am + He → __________ + 2 n
  a. 
Bk
  b. 
Bk
  c. 
Bk
  d. 
Bk
  e. 
Bk
ANSWER:   e

45. In the following nuclear equation, identify the missing product:

               Ca + α → __________ + H
  a. 
Ti
  b. 
Sc
  c. 
Ti
  d. 
Ar
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

46. Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:

               Al + __________ → Na + α
  a. 
n
  b. 
n
  c. 
e
  d. 
e
  e. 
2 n
ANSWER:   a

47. When the Pd-106 nucleus is struck with an alpha particle, a proton is produced along with a new element.
What is this new element?
  a. Cd-112
  b. Cd 109
  c. Ag-108
  d. Ag-109
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d

48. An archaeological sample contains 0.743 g of lead-206 and 2.145 g of uranium-238. Assume that all the
lead now present in the rock came from the radioactive decay of the uranium and that no appreciable amounts
of other radioactive nuclides are present in the sample. The decay rate constant for the uranium is 1.544 × 10–10/
year. Determine the half-life of the uranium.
  a.  4.488 × 109 years
  b. 1.070 × 10–10 years
  c. depends on the age of the sample
  d. depends on the organic content of the sample
  e. two of these
ANSWER:   a

49. An archaeological sample contains 0.622 g of lead-206 and 2.198 g of uranium-238. Assume that all the
lead now present in the rock came from the radioactive decay of the uranium and that no appreciable amounts
of other radioactive nuclides are present in the sample. The decay rate constant for the uranium is 1.54 × 10–
10
/year. What is the age of the sample?
  a.  9.1 × 109 years
  b. 7.98 × 108 years

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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

  c.  1.84 × 109 years
  d. 7.26 × 109 years
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

50. Use the following data to determine the expected 14C activity in the Shroud of Turin. The atmospheric
activity of 14C is 15 cpm/gC (counts per minute per gram of carbon). Assume that the cloth was made in the
year 24 A.D. The half-life of 14C is 5730 years.
  a. 28 cpm/gC
  b. 7.3 cpm/gC
  c. 5.1 cpm/gC
  d. 11 cpm/gC
  e. 12 cpm/gC
ANSWER:   e

51. A sample of wood from an Egyptian mummy case gives a count of 8.7 cpm/gC (counts per minute per
gram of carbon). How old is the wood? (The initial decay rate of is 15.3 cpm/g C, and its half-life is 5730
years.)
  a. 2334 yr
  b. 7168 yr
  c. 4668 yr
  d. 5718 yr
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

52. If a tree dies and the trunk remains undisturbed for 13,535 years, what percentage of original is still
present? (half-life of = 5730 years)
  a. 80.5%
  b. 19.5%
  c. 38.9%
  d. 29.2%
  e. 2.36%
ANSWER:   b

53. The half-life for electron capture for is 1.3 billion years. What will be the / ratio in a rock that
is 5.8 billion years old?
  a. 0.045
  b. 21
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  c. 0.048
  d. 4.5
  e. 22
ANSWER:   c

54. It is desired to determine the blood volume of a live mouse. To do this, 0.10 mL of a saline suspension of
red blood cells labeled with Fe is injected into the tail vein. Before injection, the gamma rays were counted
for this 0.10-mL solution and the count rate found to be 1.0 × 104 cpm. After a sufficient time for the blood to
be thoroughly mixed, 0.10 mL of blood is removed and counted. The sample is found to have a count rate of
575 cpm. What is the approximate blood volume of the mouse?
  a. 0.57 mL
  b. 17 mL
  c. 5.8 mL
  d. 5.7 mL
  e. 1.7 mL
ANSWER:   e

55. A 0.20-mL sample of a solution containing H that produces 3.7 × 103 cps is injected into the bloodstream
of an animal. After allowing circulatory equilibrium to be established, a 0.20-mL sample of blood is found to
have an activity of 17 cps. Calculate the blood volume of the animal.
  a. 1.09 L
  b. 44 mL
  c. 22 mL
  d. 218 mL
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b

56. Radioactive tracers are useful in studying very low concentrations of chemical species. A chemist has a
sample of HgI2 in which part of the iodine is the radioactive nuclide of mass 131, so that the count rate is 5.0 ×
1011 counts per minute per mole of I. The solid mercuric iodide is placed in water and allowed to come to
equilibrium. Then 100 mL of the solution is withdrawn, and its radioactivity is measured and found to give 22
counts per minute. What is the molar concentration of iodide ion in the solution?
  a.  1.1 × 10–9
  b. 4.4 × 10–10
  c.  1.1 × 10–10
  d. 1.1 × 10–11
  e.  4.4 × 10–11
ANSWER:   b
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

57. Which statement is true about the following reaction?
    N + He → O + H
    13.992   4.0015   16.9986   1.0073
     amu    amu    amu    amu
  a. Energy is absorbed in the reaction.
  b. Energy is released in the reaction.
  c. No energy change is associated with the reaction.
  d. Not enough information is given to determine the energy change.
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   a

58. One of the hopes for solving the world's energy problem is to make use of the fusion reaction:
               H + H → He + n + energy
How much energy is released when one mole of deuterium is fused with one mole of tritium according to the
above reaction? The masses of the atoms and the neutrons are:
               H = 2.0140 amu           H = 3.01605 amu
               He = 4.002603 amu     n = 1.008665 amu
The speed of light is 2.9979 × 108 m/s
  a.  5.63 × 108 J
  b. 56.3 J
  c.  1.69 × 1012 J
  d. 7.84 × 1044 J
  e.  8.44 × 1011 J
ANSWER:   c

59. Consider the following process:

  N + He → O + H
Masses (amu): 14.003074   4.002603   16.999133   1.007825
Which statement describes ΔE for the process?
  a.  1.15 × 1011 J/mol are released.
  b. 1.15 × 1014 J/mol are released.
  c.  1.15 × 1018 J/mol are absorbed.
  d. 1.15 × 1011 J/mol are absorbed.
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   d

60. Calculate ΔE in kilojoules per mole for the following reaction:

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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

               Th → He + Ra
Atomic masses: 230Th = 230.0332, 4He = 4.00260, 226Ra = 226.02544.
  a.  –4.6 × 108 kJ/mol
  b. –2.4 × 106 kJ/mol
  c. 0
  d. +2.4 × 106 kJ/mol
  e.  +4.6 × 108 kJ/mol
ANSWER:   a

61. Calculate the change in energy in kJ/mol for the transmutation of radium from the given molar masses:
  Ra →   He +
  226.0254 g/mol    4.0026 g/mol    222.0176 g/mol
  a. –5.2 kJ/mol
  b. –1.6 kJ/mol
  c.  –4.7 × 1014 kJ/mol
  d. –4.7 × 108 kJ/mol
  e.  +1.6 × 108 kJ/mol
ANSWER:   d

62. If one mole of oxygen-16 were formed from protons and neutrons, 0.1366 g of mass would be lost. What
can best account for this loss?
  a. When fission occurs, the nuclei remaining always has a smaller mass.
  b Converting from the atomic scale (in amu's) to the macroscopic scale (in
.  grams) can often cause minor errors to occur.
  c. The process was so exothermic, the system lost energy, which meant that it
also lost mass.
  d This is impossible because of the Law of Conservation of Matter (so mass must
.  be conserved).
  e. Both A and C are correct.
ANSWER:   c

63. Iron-56 ( Fe) has a binding energy per nucleon of 8.79 MeV. (1MeV is 1.60 × 10–13 J).
Determine the difference in mass between one mole of iron-56 nuclei and the component nucleons of which it is
made.
  a.  9.41 × 10–6 kg
  b. 2.43 × 10–5 kg
  c.  6.65 × 10–5 kg
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  d. 5.27 × 10–4 kg
  e.  7.21 × 10–4 kg
ANSWER:   d

64. The bismuth-209 nucleus has a binding energy per nucleon of 7.6154 MeV. (1 MeV is 1.60 × 10–13 J).
Determine the difference in mass between one mole of bismuth-209 nuclei and the component nucleons of
which it is made.
  a.  1.71 × 10–3 Kg
  b. 3.91 × 10–8 Kg
  c.  8.16 × 10–6 Kg
  d. 2.55 × 10–10 Kg
  e.  6.78 × 10–4 Kg
ANSWER:   a

65. The aluminum-27 nucleus has a mass defect of  0.2359 g/mol.

Determine the binding energy per nucleon for aluminum-27 nuclei. (1 MeV is 1.602 × 10–13 J).
  a.  2.198 × 10–5 MeV
  b. 2.198 × 102 MeV
  c. 16.96476 MeV
  d. 3.394 MeV
  e. 8.139 MeV
ANSWER:   e

66. The mass defect arises because the sum of masses of the component nucleons is less than that of the
nucleus.
  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   False

67. In the following fission reaction, identify the other product:

               U+ n→ I + 2 n + __________
  a. 
Y
  b. 
Y
  c. 
Mo
  d. 
Mo

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  e. 
Zr
ANSWER:   b

68. What nuclide is necessary to balance the following fission reaction?

               U+ n→3 n+ Ba + __________
  a. 
Br
  b. 
Kr
  c. 
Rb
  d. 
Kr
  e. 
Sr
ANSWER:   d

69. Which of the following balanced equations is labeled incorrectly?

  a. 
fission: Bi + He → At + 2 n
  b. 
fusion: H + H → H + H
  c. 
bombardment: Pu + n → Am +
e
  d. 
beta production: U → Np + e
  e. all correctly labeled
ANSWER:   a

70. Breeder reactors are used to convert the nonfissionable nuclide U to a fissionable product. Neutron
capture of the U is followed by two successive beta decays. What is the final fissionable product?
  a. 
Pu
  b. 
Ra
  c. 
U
  d. 
Pu
  e. 
Np
ANSWER:   a

When the U-235 nucleus is struck with a neutron, the Ce-144 and Sr-90 nuclei are produced along with some
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

neutrons and electrons.
71. How many neutrons are emitted?
  a. 2
  b. 3
  c. 4
  d. 5
  e. 6
ANSWER:   a

72. How many electrons are emitted?

  a. 2
  b. 3
  c. 4
  d. 5
  e. 6
ANSWER:   c

73. When the U-235 nucleus is struck with a neutron, the Zn-72 and Sm-160 nuclei are produced along with
some neutrons. How many neutrons are emitted?
  a. 2
  b. 3
  c. 4
  d. 5
  e. 6
ANSWER:   c

74. The smallest amount of radioactive material that will support a self-sustained fission reaction is called the
  a. molar mass
  b. moderator
  c. supercritical mass
  d. subcritical mass
  e. critical mass
ANSWER:   e

75. How much energy is released when 2.50 metric tons of 2H2 gas undergoes nuclear fusion?
(1 metric ton = 1000 kg, c = 2.9979 × 108 m/s, 1 amu = 1.66054 × 10–27 kg)
2
H + 2H → 3He + 1n
Particle Mass (amu)
1.008665

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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

2.01400
3.01603

  a.  3.69 × 1017 J

  b. 5.43 × 10–18 J
  c.  5.39 × 10 64 J
  d. 1.84 × 1017  J
  e.  1.34 × 10 71 J
ANSWER:   d

76. Which of the following is true for the fission of uranium-235?

  a. The electron is captured by the nucleus, which becomes unstable.
  b. The products include neutrons.
  c. The nuclides produced are individually heavier than the uranium nuclide.
  d. The nuclides produced are more stable than the uranium nuclide.
  e. Two of these.
ANSWER:   e

77. If more than one neutron from each fission event causes another fission event, the fission situation is
described as
  a. critical
  b. subcritical
  c. supercritical
  d. moderated
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

78. Which of the following statements (A-D) is false?

  a. The process of splitting a heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass
numbers is called fission.
  b. A beta particle is a particle with the same mass as the electron but opposite
charge.
  c. Nitrogen can be changed into oxygen by bombarding it with alpha particles.
  d. Archaeologists use radioactivity to determine the age of some artifacts and
rocks.
  e. All of the above statements are true.
ANSWER:   b

79. Radioactivity is not useful for:

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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

  a. Dating artifacts and rocks.
  b. Producing electricity.
  c. Tracing pathways in biological systems.
  d. Making chemicals like sulfuric acid.
  e. Radioactivity is useful for all of the above.
ANSWER:   d

80. Which statement about fusion is incorrect?

  a. Fusion requires starting nuclides that are difficult to find on Earth, which is a
problem for scientists.
  b Studying fusion is a worthwhile research endeavor because this process could
.  be used as an alternative energy source.
  c. Fusion requires a very high temperature in order to begin, which is a problem
for scientists.
  d In fusion, two nuclei must be traveling fast enough to overcome the
.  electrostatic repulsion and “fuse” the particles into a new nucleus.
  e. Both A and C are incorrect.
ANSWER:   a

81. What component of a nuclear reactor moderates the rate of the reaction?

  a. steam turbine
  b. control rods
  c. cooling water
  d. containment shell
  e. cyclotron
ANSWER:   b

82. Which of the following is not a factor in determining the biological effects of radiation exposure?
  a. the energy of the radiation
  b. the age of the organism at which the exposure occurs
  c. the penetrating ability of the radiation
  d. the chemical properties of the radiation source
  e. the ionizing ability of the radiation
ANSWER:   b

83. The greatest radiation exposure for Americans comes from which of the following?
  a. medical x-rays
  b. nuclear power plants
  c. electrical transmission wires
  d. industrial waste
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

  e. a combination of the natural causes of radiation including cosmic rays
ANSWER:   e

84. Which unit takes into account the relative ability of radiation to cause damage?
  a. rem
  b. rad
  c. curie
  d. becquerel
  e. cpm
ANSWER:   a

85. Which type of radiation has the lowest penetrating ability?

  a. gamma ray
  b. beta particle
  c. alpha particle
  d. positron
  e. more than one of these
ANSWER:   c

86. Which of the following nuclides would be most expected to undergo α-decay?

  a.  86As
  b. 127I
  c.  252Es
  d. 9C
  e.  171Ir
ANSWER:   c

87. Which of the following nuclides would be most expected to undergo β-decay?

  a.  200Ta
  b. 209Bi
  c.  257Fm
  d. 18Na
  e.  121Xe
ANSWER:   a

88. Which of the following nuclides would be most expected to undergo positron emission?
  a.  86As

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  b. 127I
  c.  252Es
  d. 9C
  e.  171Ir
ANSWER:   d

89. Which of the following nuclides is most likely to be unstable?

  a.  35Cl
  b. 234Th
  c.  2H
  d. 4He
  e.  52Cr
ANSWER:   b

90. Which of the following nuclides is most likely to be stable?

  a.  41Cl
  b. 234Th
  c.  3H
  d. 221Pb
  e.  52Cr
ANSWER:   e

91. 232Th decays to 208Pb.  How many alpha decays are involved in this decay series?
  a. 6
  b. 1
  c. 4
  d. 2
  e. 5
ANSWER:   a

92. 237Np decays to 209Bi.  .  How many alpha decays are involved in this decay series?
  a. 6
  b. 7
  c. 4
  d. 2
  e. 5
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Chapter 19 - The Nucleus: A Chemist's View

ANSWER:   b

93. 232Th decays to 208Pb.  How many beta decays are involved in this decay series?
  a. 6
  b. 1
  c. 4
  d. 2
  e. 5
ANSWER:   c

94. 237Np decays to 209Bi.  How many beta decays are involved in this decay series?
  a. 6
  b. 1
  c. 4
  d. 2
  e. 5
ANSWER:   c

95. An atom of 186Ta has a mass of 185.958540 amu. Calculate the mass defect (deficit) in amu/atom.
  a. 1.591
  b. 0
  c. 1482
  d. 7.97
  e. 1.442
ANSWER:   a

96. An atom of 131I has a mass of 130.906114 amu. Calculate the binding energy per MOLE in kJ.
  a.  1.06 × 1014
  b. 1.18
  c.  1.06 × 1017
  d. 1.06 × 1011
  e. 1097
ANSWER:   d

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