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Mix Design

The document discusses concrete mix design and proportioning. It explains that concrete mix design aims to achieve maximum strength and durability in an economical way by selecting suitable ingredients and determining their proportions. Key factors in mix design include water-cement ratio, cement-aggregate ratio, aggregate gradation, and consistency. The document then provides details of mix design calculations for M30 grade concrete using the IS 10262 method, determining ingredient proportions of cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate.

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nutan acharya
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131 views5 pages

Mix Design

The document discusses concrete mix design and proportioning. It explains that concrete mix design aims to achieve maximum strength and durability in an economical way by selecting suitable ingredients and determining their proportions. Key factors in mix design include water-cement ratio, cement-aggregate ratio, aggregate gradation, and consistency. The document then provides details of mix design calculations for M30 grade concrete using the IS 10262 method, determining ingredient proportions of cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate.

Uploaded by

nutan acharya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

1 Concrete Mix Design

Concrete is the most popular material in construction of every kind of civil


engineering structure because of its economy, ease for making, durability and
strength. However, the design of concrete mix differs from structure to structure.
Not every type of concrete mix is suitable for every type of construction work.
According to the required strength and the field conditions the mix should be
prepared. A concrete consists of various constituent materials which determines
the resultant product.

Thus, concrete mix design concept was introduced so that by selecting


suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their proportions we can
achieve maximum strength and durability in an economical way.

The proportioning of concrete ingredients is governed by two important states,


plastic state of concrete and the hardened state. Plastic state of a concrete
determines its workability whereas its hardened state determines the
compressive strength. The relationship between the aggregate and the cement
paste are two essential part of the concrete. The workability of the concrete is
provided by the lubricating effect of the paste and is influenced by the dilution
and amount of paste. The contribution to the properties of the concrete is directly
governed by the quality of the paste.

There are four factors that are to be considered for the concrete mix design

Water Cement Ratio

Cement –Aggregate Ratio

Gradation of the Aggregates

Consistency

Apart from the above factors economy of the design also plays an important role
in the mix design. Thus it is very important to know the concept of proper mix
design for concrete manufacture.
4.1.1 Method of Proportioning

There are various sets of ways which can be followed for the mix design. Some of
them are Surface Area Method, IRC 44 Method, Road Note No.4, DOE method, IS
10262-2009 Method, etc.

For this experimentation purpose IS 10262 method has been used. According to IS
456-2000 concrete mix has been designated into number of grades as per to the
strength attained by cubes after 28 days in N/mm2. For example, M20 where M
refers to mix and 20 is the strength after 28 days.

The mixes of the grades corresponds to their standard mix proportions provided.
For M30 the proportion is 1:1:2 in the order of Cement: Fine aggregate: Coarse
aggregate.

4.1.2Calculations of Mix Design for M30 Grade Concrete

The mix design for M30 grade concrete is done as recommended in IS 10262-1982
and according to IS 10262-1982 the following data is required for concrete mix
design.

1. Characteristic Compressive Strength at 28 days 30 N/mm2

2. Cement The cement used is 43 grade OPC cement according to IS


12269-1987

3. Coarse Aggregate Angular coarse aggregate with maximum size 20mm.

Specific Gravity 2.60


4. Fine Aggregate River sand was used as the fine aggregate conforming to
grading zone II as per IS 383:1970.

Specific gravity- 2.60

5. Water Cement Ratio 0.43

4.1.2(a) Mix Design Procedure

a. Determination of target compressive strength.


b. Determination of water content as per size of the aggregate.
c. Selection of water cement ratio.
d. Calculation of cement content.
e. Determination of quantity of aggregates required.

4.1.2(b) Design

The target mean compressive strength Fm is given by,

Fm=Fck+1.65S

Fck=Characteristic compressive strength

S= Standard deviation=4(For M30 grade)

Fm=30+1.655=38.2MPa

As the maximum size of aggregate to be used is 20mm, given by IS 10262-2009,


water content is 186Kg per cubic meter. Corresponding to this value volume of
sand in percentage to total volume of aggregate is 35.

Air content of 2% is assumed based on the maximum size of the aggregate.


Water cement ratio based on size of aggregate is 0.60.

Adopted water cement ratio is 0.43.

For adjustment in sand proportion,

Change in w/c ratio=0.60-0.43=0.17

Thus, Percentage reduction in sand = (0.17/0.05)=3.4

Therefore, Final sand content=35-3.4=31.6%

Minimum Cement Content= 186/0.43=432Kg/m3

Determination of fine and coarse aggregate content

V=[W+C/Sc+Fa/(P*Sf) ]*(1/1000)

, where

V=absolute volume of fresh concrete

W=mass of water per m3 of concrete

C=mass of cement per m3 of concrete

Sc, Sf=specific gravity of cement and fine aggregate respectively and

Fa=total mass of fine aggregate

Therefore,

0.98=186+432/3.15+Fa/(0.316*2.60)

Fa= 540Kg/m3

Then, Ca=(1-P)/P*Fa*Sca/Sf

Therefore, Ca= (1-0.316)/0.316*540*2.6/2.6 = 1168Kg/m3


Now, Volume of each standard mould= 150×150×150 mm3

=3.375×10-3m3

The proportions required for each mould is thus,

Cement= 3.375×10-3×432 =1.458Kg

Fine aggregate= 3.375×10-3m3*540=1.822Kg

Coarse aggregate= 3.375*10-3m3*1168=3.942Kg

Ratio:- 1:1.25:2.70 and wc 0.43

Calculation of Percentage Replacement of OPC

For each mould the quantity of Metakaolin is,

5% Replacement= 0.05*1.458

=0.0729Kg

10% Replacement= 0.1*1.458

=0.1458Kg

15% Replacement=0.15*1.458

=0.2187Kg

20% Replacement=0.2*1.458

=0.2916Kg

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