Second Internal

Assignment
G U I D E D B Y: E F F O R T S B Y: U R J A
GANDHI(UC7616)
P R O F. K H U S H I S H A H

P R O F. N I G A R S H A I K H
What is a Numerical Model?
Numerical models are important tools in simulating and characterizing the time evolution of
the structure, since there are no in situ observations.
Numerical models are being increasingly used to simulate the behavior of damaged
structures. These models can predict failure events by the analysis of: non-linear behavior of
materials, buckling, large displacements, inter-surface contact, cracking, etc.

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/numerical-model
Why is modelling done?
1. Safety of new construction and ancient buildings
2. Conservation of heritage structures
3. Preservation of heritage structures
4. Restoration of heritage structures
Strategies for modelling
1. Limit analysis
2. Membrane theory
3. Finite element method
4. Discrete element method
Structural details of Shaniwar-wada
The numerical applications here reported refer to a building representative of a structural
typology popular in the city of Pune in 18th Century. This typology, known as “Wadas “
corresponds to types of cultural houses, usually with 2-3 stories, in which walls are made of
stone masonry(basalt stone) and lime mortar, and the slabs and beams are of timber.
As for the vertical loads the building is subjected to the self-weight of the masonry walls
(with density equal to 2900 kg/m3) and to that associated to the timber floors whose weight
was transferred to the ground along the walls according to the beam.
The other loads that are imposed on the wada are the loads of the tourists who visit the
structure.
Numerical Model- Shaniwar wada
Proposed Modelling method: Finite Element Method
What is Finite Element Analysis?
The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is the simulation of any given physical phenomenon using
the numerical technique called Finite Element Method (FEM).
FEA uses mathematical models to understand and quantify the effects of real-world
conditions on a part or assembly. These simulations, which are conducted via specialised
software, allow engineers to locate potential problems in a design, including areas of tension
and weak spots.
Among the main problems observed when modelling historic masonry structures is their
complex and irregular geometries, which are difficult to define, unknown building materials,
mechanical properties and appropriate material models.
Reference: https://www.simscale.com/docs/simwiki/fea-finite-element-analysis/what-is-fea-finite-element-analysis/
Advantages of finite element method
•FEM allows for easier modeling of complex geometrical and irregular shapes. Because the
designer is able to model both the interior and exterior, he or she can determine how critical
factors might affect the entire structure and why failures might occur.
•Optimal use of a model. Often, several failure modes or physical events can be tested within
a common model
•The simultaneous calculation and visual representation of a wide variety of physical
parameters such as stress or temperature, enabling the designer to rapidly analyse
performance and possible modifications

Reference: https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/the-advantages-of-fem/
Parameters required for modelling
Characterization of the
mechanical properties of
the materials used and
data from laboratory
tests done

Significant changes in the

Conceptualizing of constitution of structural
geometry of structure elements, associated with
using laser scanning or long construction periods
other scanning methods dating back to the18th
etc. century and the various
periods after that.

Existing damage to the

Assuming the loading
structure in certain
patterns of Shaniwar-
places due to loading
wada after detailed
conditions over the
condition survey
period.
 The simulations used in FEA are created using a mesh of millions of smaller elements that combine to
create the shape of the structure that is being assessed

Each of these small elements is subjected to calculations, with these mesh refinements combining to
produce the final result of the whole structure

The geometry of the Shaniwar-wada should be defined based on a scanned points cloud. This can be done
using a 3D terrestrial laser scanner (TLS)

The properties of the building material used in Shaniwar-wada should be assessed on the basis of

Proposed process for

laboratory tests. T

modelling of The numerical models of the structures can be created based on a standard architectural inventory done
during the preliminary analysis. Also with support from laser scanning .

Finite Element Method Afterwards, cleaning and segmentation need to be performed. Isolated points of the structure should be
eliminated, the mesh should be regularized, and the cloud of points need to be divided into two parts
referring to the structure and its surroundings.

there should be a focus on explaining the cracking process based on stress analysis of the structure.

In the proposed numerical solution (quasi-static technique), the load is applied smoothly; consequently,
slow deformation triggers a low strain rate
Reference:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135063 The obtained results are discussed, and some possible causes of the damage are indicated by analyzing the
0719308362
area in the computational model of Shaniwarwada
REFERENCES
•https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/the-advantages-of-fem/
•http://www.pretechnologies.com/services/finite-element-analysis/advantages
•https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/numerical-model
•https://www.simscale.com/docs/simwiki/fea-finite-element-analysis/what-is-fea-finite-
element-analysis
•https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350630719308362