SCOPE FOR MACHINES 1

QUESTION ONE

A. A 240 V D.C. shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.25  and runs at 1000 rpm.Taking
an armature current of 40 A.It is desired to reduce the speed to 800 rpm.

i. If the armature current remains the same, find the additional resistance to be connected in
series with the armature circuit.[3 marks]

ii. If the above additional resistance in the circuit, armature current decreases to 20 A.

Determine the speed of the motor.[3 marks]

B. State the functions of commutators in a D.C machine operating as;

i. Motor [2 marks]
ii. Generator [2 marks]

C. With the aid of the circuit diagrams, explain the following braking methods of a D.C motor.

i. plugging method and [3 marks]

ii. Regenerative method of braking [3 marks]
D. Explain the importance of back emf in a D.C machine [4 marks]
QUESTION TWO

A. Explain the following methods of improving commutation in a d.c machine where

necessary draw the graphs or related diagrams supporting your answers.
i. Resistance Commutation.[2 marks]
ii. Voltage Commutation.[2 marks]

B. A shunt generator delivers 50 kW at 250 V and 400 rpm.The armature and field resistances
are 0.02  and 50  respectively. Calculate the speed of the machine running as a motor and
taking 50 k input at 250 V. Allow 1 volt per brush for contact drop.[6 marks]

C. Explain each of the followings;

i. Effects of armature reaction in a D.C generator. [2

marks]

ii.Methods of reducing the effects of armature reaction in a D.C generator. [2 marks]

D. A 230 V D.C. shunt motor takes 5 A at no-load. The resistances of the armature and field
circuit current are 0.25  and 115  respectively. If the motor is loaded so as to carry 40 A,
Determine the following in each condition.

i. Iron and friction losses [2 marks]

ii. Copper losses [2

marks]

ii. Mechanical power on- load [2 marks]

QUESTION THREE
A. State at least two (2) advantages of carrying out each of the following tests on transformer.

i. No – load test [2 marks]

ii. Impedance - test [2

marks]

B. Explain why the short-circuit test is said to help determine the full-load copper losses. Use
elaborate labeled diagram as well as formulas (if any) in your explanation. [3
marks]

C. A single-phase transformer that is rated 3000 kVA, 69 kV/4.16 kV, 60 Hz has an impedance
of 8 percent.Calculate:
The total impedance of the transformer referred to the primary side. [3 marks]

D. i. Explain why Zesco Ltd uses back to back no-load test. Draw the circuit diagram for that
arrangement. [3 marks]

ii. A 220V/12V transformer is supplied from a car battery on its secondary side.[2 marks]
Explain the behavior of the machine in terms of:
• Output voltage, transient and steady. [2 marks]
• Power dissipated and output. [1 mark]
• Usefulness compared to AC input. [2 marks]

QUESTION FOUR

(a).Three single-phase transformers are connected in delta-delta to step down a line voltage of 138
kV to 4160 V to supply power to a manufacturing plant. The plant draws 21 MW at a lagging
power factor of 86 percent. Calculate:

i The apparent power drawn by the plant

ii. The apparent power furnished by the HV line

 iii. The current in the HVlines

iv. The current in theLVlines

v. The currents in the primary and secondary windings of each transformer

(b). State at least four (4) conditions to consider when connecting three –phases transformers in
parallel.

(c) With reference to power transformer, explain the following terminologies;

i. Transformer impedance ratio

ii. Percent impedance of a transformer

QUESTION FIVE

A. State the following laws of electromagnetic induction.

i. Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction [2 mark]
ii. Lenz’s law [1 marks]

B. Explain with the aid of the diagram ,the following terms in relation to electromechanical
conversion
i. Singly –excited system [2 marks]
ii. Doubly –excited system[2 marks]
 C. i. Draw a block diagram of the energy conversion process in an electric motor. [3
marks]

ii. The figure 1.1 below shows a toroidal core consisting of two different magnetic materials.

Find the reluctance of this circuit.[4 marks]

D. Explain the differences between the following

i. Statically induced and dynamically induced emf[2 marks]

ii. Speed and torque [2 marks]

iii. Electrical circuit and magnetic circuit [2 marks]

QUESTION SIX

A. Drive an emf equation of a single phase transformer.[4 marks]

B. A single-phase transformer having a core of cross –sectional area of 150cm2 operates at a
maximum flux density of 1.1 Wb/𝑚2 from a 50 Hz supply. If the secondary winding has
66 turns, determine the output in kVA when connected to a load if 4 Ω impedance.
Neglect any voltage drops in the secondary winding.[6 marks]
 C. A single phase 100 kVA, 2000/ 200 V, 50 Hz transformer impedance drop of 8% and
resistance drop of 5% .Calculate the voltage regulation at full –load and 0.8 pf lagging.
[4 marks]
D. An auto transformer supplies a load of 5 kW at 125 V at unity power factor .If the
primary voltage is 250 Calculate;
i. Transformation ratio. [2 marks]
i. The number of turns across the secondary windings if the total number of turns is
250. [2 marks]
ii. Power conducted directly from the supply means to the load. [2 marks]

QUESTION SEVEN

A. Draw a well labelled diagram of a transformer on no-load and then derive an expression
for the magnetizing and the core loss components of the no-load current. [4 marks]
B. State at least four (4) characteristics of an ideal transformer. [4 marks]
C. A 230 /2300 V transformer takes no load current of 6.5A and absorbs 187 W. If the
resistance of the primary winding is 0.06 Ω ,find ;
i. The load power factor [2 marks]
ii. The core loss [2 marks]
iii. Active component of current and [2 marks]
iv. The magnetizing current [2 marks]

D. A D.C. shunt generator runs at 400 rpm and delivers 500 kW to bus –bars having a constant
voltage of 400 V .Assuming the field excitation to be constant at 5 A, Calculate the speed at
which the generator must run if the load is to be reduced to 300 kW.The armature resistance is
0.015. [4 marks]

QUESTION EIGHT

A. The following information is given for a 300kW ,600V ,long shunt compound
generator :shunt field resistance is 75Ω, armature resistance 0.01 Ω, brush resistance is
0.011Ω,series field resistance is 0.012Ω and the divertor resistance of 0.036Ω.When the
machine is delivering full load ;

i. Draw the circuit diagram [2 marks]

ii. Calculate the voltage and [2 marks]
 iii. Armature current [2 marks]

iii. Power generated by the armature[2 marks]

B. State at least two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of an Auto transformer. [4 marks]

C. State the four (4) conditions for satisfactory parallel operation of the three- phase transformer.

[4 marks]

D. A d.c. Series motor runs at 1000 rpm when taking 20 A at 200 V. Armature resistance is
0.5  and series field resistance is 0.2 .Find the speed for a total current of 20 A when a
diverter of 0.2  resistances is used across the series field. Flux for a field current of 10 A is
70% of that for [4 marks]

QUESTION NINE

A. Derive an emf equation of a D.C generator [3 marks]

B. Describe with the aid of a well labelled circuit diagram, the following methods speed
control of D.C shunt motor;

i. Armature control method [2 marks]

ii. Flux control method [2

marks]

C. A 250 V shunt D.C motor on no-load runs at 1000 rev/min and takes 5A.The field and
armature resistance are 250 Ω and 0.25 Ω respectively. Calculate the speed when the motor is
loaded such that it takes 41 A if the armature reactions weaken the field by 3%. [4
marks]

D. Draw the following characteristics curves;

i. Speed –toque characteristic curve of a separate excited D.C motor showing the
location of the operating point. [3 marks]

ii. Speed – armature current characteristics curve of a separate excited D.C motor showing

the location of the operating point. [3 marks]

QUESTION TEN

(a). A 50-kVA , 4600/230-V ,50 Hz ,single phase,step –down transformer is designed so that at
the conditions of full load and unity power factor ,the core loss equal to the copper losses .The
copper losses are equally divided between the two windings .At full load the efficiency is
90.5%.Calculate ;

i. The core core loss,

ii. The total copper losses,

iii. The rated current of the primary winding and secondary winding. (neglect the losses and
assumes that the input and the output are the same).

iv. The effective resistance of the primary and the secondary windings.

(b). State at least three (3) advantages and disadvantages of an auto transformer. [3 marks]

(c). A D.C shunt motor rotating at 1500 rpm is fed by a 120 V power supply .The armature
winding resistance 𝑅𝑎 is 0.4  and the field winding resistance 𝑅𝑓 is 40 .If the back emf is
developed is 100 V,Find the following

i. Shunt field winding current

ii. Armature current

iii. Input power to the motor

iv. Mechanical power produced by the armature and

v. Motor torque