i

DETERMINING THE SPEED OF LEARNING SHORTHAND BETWEEN

MALE AND FEMALE OFFICE ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS IN CRONASIA
FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.

________________________________________________________________

A Basic Research

Presented to
The Faculty of Office Administration Department
Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.
General Santos City

________________________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration

________________________________________________________________

by

LEONIDA, JUVI ANN P.

OLMEDO, ROSESWEET S.
OMBAO, TRICIA MAE B.
PARDILLO, WENDY S.
TAGUSI, BRAZEL E.

October 18, 2018

 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

The basic research entitled “DETERMINING THE SPEED OF LEARNING

SHORTHAND BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
STUDENTS IN CRONASIA FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.”Submitted by JUVI
ANN P. LEONIDA. ROSESWEET S. OLMEDO. TRICIA MAE OMBAO. WENDY
S. PARDILLO. BRAZEL E. TAGUSI. In partial fulfillment of the requirements to
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration, has been examined
and is recommended and for acceptance and approval for oral defense.

Ms. May Maeh V. Tobato- Camlian, LPT

Adviser
________________________________________________________________
PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination

Ms. Nenita P. Non, MLAS, RLMs. Marites M. Cuyos

PANELIST PANELIST
________________________________________________________________
Accepted and approved in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree.
BACHELOR SCIENCE IN OFFICCE ADMINISTRATION.

Rosso R. Cuyos, MBM

Program Head

October 18,2018
Date
 iii

ABSTRACT

The shorthand has a big responsibility in any legal offices in note taking

and live court reporting; it enables us to write down all in an easy way. In this

practical way, secretaries can manage their time, and it can lessen their pressure

somehow. The findings of this study will redound to the contribution and benefits

and each related to this research.

It provides additional learning concerning court reporting to those who are

court reporters or in the profession of the stenographer, to make things done in

less than the given time the report should be submitting. Helping the community

especially to those who have appellate in the court recording their testimony fast

and clear.

The primary purpose of the study is to (1) Profile of the respondents in

terms of sex and age (2) To determine the extent of usefulness in studying

shorthand among Office Administration in Cronasia Foundation College, Inc. and

to determine the extent of use of Shorthand in terms of age and sex. To achieve

this purpose, the research as reviewed the contributions of some answers to the

research topic which made up the Literature Review. We also choose Office

Administration students of Cronasia Foundation College, Inc., as the focus of the

study. The population of the study is (50) students from 1 st year to 4th year at the

age of 16 to 20 years old in the area of research. After surveying with them, we

found out that Shorthand is still an indispensable tool to the practicing

professional secretary. We also found out that there is no difference in learning

 iv

shorthand between male and female. Based on the results of the study, the

researcher formulated the following conclusions:

In general, the extent of the usefulness of studying shorthand is not

essential and did not also being disregarded; it is just average in them regarding

studying shorthand to them.

There is no significant difference in the extent of usefulness in learning

shorthand in terms of age and sex. The findings of this study will of great help

and benefit and each related to this research. The shorthand has a big

responsibility in any legal offices in note taking and live court reporting; it enables

us to write down all in an easy way. In this practical way, secretaries can manage

their time, and it can lessen their pressure somehow.

 v

Acknowledgment

The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to the

following persons who contributed to the accomplishment of their research paper.

First of all, we would like to thank our parents for financial support and

moral support in doing this research.

First, we would like to thank the students-respondents for answering the

attached questions for completion of the study specially the Cronasia

Administration.

To Ms. Nenita P. Non, MLAS, RL for her valuable evaluation and

recommendation on this study.

To our Basic Research Adviser, Ms. May Maeh V. Tobato- Camlian, LPT

for the tireless help, support, and ideas that she gave to us.

To our classmate, friends and to our family for some sharing their ideas

and helping us in doing this study.

We also take this opportunity to express our sincerest gratitude to thank

our co-researchers for the ideas, moral, mental, and financial support. You all are

wonderful people we would not forget all the days we are together in doing the

research.

And lastly, to our God Almighty, the author of knowledge and wisdom who

gives us strength and the source of all the motivates us in finishing our research.

THE RESERCHERS
 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii

CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Significance of the Study 3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 4

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature 5
Related Studies 10
Theoretical Framework 12
Conceptual Framework 16
Hypothesis 17
Definition of Terms/Variables 17

3 METHODOLOGY
Research Design 18
Sources of Data/Respondents 18
Research Instrument 19
Data Gathering/Procedures 19
Statistical Tools/Treatment Used 19
Research Locale 20

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Presentation of Data 21
Analysis 23
Interpretation of Data 25

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 27
Findings 28
Conclusions 28
Recommendations 29
REFERENCES 30
APPENDICES
A Letter of Permission to the School Administration 31
B Letter of Permission to the Program Coordinator 32
C Questioning Tool 33
D Rubrics for the Computation in Shorthand 35
CURRICULUM VITAE 36
 vii

LIST OF TABLE
TABLE PAGE
1 Distribution of the Study 18
1 A and B Profile of the Respondents in terms of Sex and Age 21
2 The Extent of Usefulness in Studying Shorthand 23
3 The Significant of Difference in terms of Sex 25
4 The Significant Difference in terms of Age 26
 viii

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGE
1 Conceptual Framework 16
2 Research Locale 20
 ix

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Shorthand is a method of quickly writing down information. It has roots in

the Senate of ancient Rome and allows the annotation more than 200 words a

minute by top exponents. It enables Secretaries to transcribe meetings and

dictated letter. Newspaper reporters can get down details of court case

proceedings or interviews. But, in an age electronic voice recording and instant

tweeting of events, is shorthand becoming obsolete. But shorthand is still

mandatory of some professions. The National Court for the training of Journalist

insists trainees achieve a written speed 100 words per minute to pass its

diploma. It remains indispensable for any court reporter and vital skills for every

conversation in their working day, the organization insists. Shorthand Personal

Use Speaking offhand is like a mental attitude which induces such a large

percentage of the writer. To use shorthand it is more freely and confidently as a

personal timesaving instrument small portion of writers of the older system who

to do so, is due to the greater legibility of our system on account of the insertion

of the vowels, the absence of shading, and position writing all of which make the

writing easier. All of these things contribute a good deal because they create

confidence, (Grand 1989).

Thus, this study determining the skills of students in shorthand. Their rates

of effectiveness in the speed of learning, language ability and graduate’s

employability same as to the teachers who will give the students skills to
 x

construct unfamiliar words, skills to teach them in handling simple problems of

office style dictation and efficient in instructional materials. We're looking forward

that this research can help in their studies especially to the Office Administration

Students.

Statement of the Problem

The study focuses on Determining the Speed of Learning Shorthand

Between Male and Female Office Administration Student's in Cronasia

Foundation College, Inc. In recent times, shorthand writing enjoyed wide

acceptability and applicability due to the benefits inherent in its use. An

advantage of shorthand lies in the area of its cost-effectiveness. The system also

helps in facilitating secrecy in the business transaction and for quick recording

and processing of information. The need for shorthand writers increased daily

with the increase industrial and business activities, and it was expected that in so

far as business organizations exist; speeches being delivered that shorthand

enjoys a pride of place in business offices.

This study specifically intended to answer the following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Sex;

b. Age

2. What is the extent of usefulness in studying shorthand among Office

Administration Students in Cronasia Foundation College Inc.?

3. Is there a significant difference in the extent of usefulness in studying

shorthand among Office administration students in terms of sex?

 xi

4. Is there a significant difference in the extent of usefulness in studying

shorthand among Office Administration students in terms of Age?

The Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will of great help and benefit and each related to

this research. The shorthand has a big responsibility in any legal offices in note

taking and live court reporting; it enables us to write down all in an easy way. In

this practical way, secretaries can manage their time, and it can lessen their

pressure somehow.

To the Office Administration Students. Learning shorthand is a requirement

for stenography, and knowing shorthand is useful in many circumstances and

jobs this may also be able to benefit those in the journalism industry, court, and

legal offices because reporters need to write fast yet still take precise notes.

Writing in shorthand is quicker than longhand. Anything that saves time, money

and energy is always a bonus. You will become more efficient in taking notes at

meetings, lectures, and interviews.

To The Teachers. In shorthand, teachers can provide others how to do

something in selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures

in teaching. Knowing the content of the English language including the meaning

and spelling words, rules of composition, and grammar, this is a great help. They

may require establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement

goals and exerting effort toward mastering the task.

To the Community. It provides additional learning concerning court reporting to

those who are court reporters or in the profession of the stenographer, to make
 xii

things done in less than the given time the report should be submitting. Helping

the community especially to those who have appellate in the court recording their

testimony fast and clear.

To the Future Researchers. To the future researchers, they would explore

more about other methods, approaches, and strategies in teaching effectively

especially in shorthand.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The main focus of this research to Determine the Speed of Learning

Shorthand BetweenMale and Female Office Administration Students in School

year 2018-2019 from 1st-4th College at Cronasia Foundation College, Inc. The

system will use recording and transcribing materials to provide teaching to the

students who are willing to learn fast and efficient by learning how to write and

read stenographic notes. Soon, you can determine and see the difference in

student's skills in reading and writing shorthand.

 xiii

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature, Studies,

Theoretical Framework

This chapter will explore the literature that is relevant to understanding on

the development of the study and interpreting the results of this convergent

study. Also, presents an overview of previous work on related topics that provide

the necessary background for this research. The literature review concentrates

on History and Development of shorthand, Advantages of shorthand, the

secretary and other modern office equipment.

According to Richards (1955), a comparison of the shorthand system,

many shorthand systems are being taught body throughout our nation. Richards

undertook a study of a comparison of thirteen current shorthand system by

analyzing the systems themselves using "Silverthorne" first high-frequency word

list (1955). His study revealed that approximately 100 words account for 50% of

all words in business; that 500 words account for 70 percent that 1000 words

account for 80 of the cent and that 5000 words account for 95 percent. Richards

hypothesized that basic courses in shorthand are unnecessarily encumbered

with words which are rarely used in business communications. This hypothesis

was proven to be correct. Not one of the thirteen shorthand systems his studied

presents half of the first 1000 high-frequency words in its first 1000 words.

Richards also reasoned that students of shorthand would greatly be encouraged

to continue their study and mastery of a shorthand system if they could learn

quickly. In transcription, teachers’ basic problem in shorthand classes is the

difficulty that
 xiv

students have in handling the mechanics of the English language. Business

executives frequently comment that stenographers cannot spell, cannot

punctuate, and have no grasp of correct grammar. To cope with this basic

problem, a number of transcription skill-building features where introduce its

emphasis on the mechanics of the English language has been intensified in the

typing style studies the students are taught how to transcribe dates, street

addresses, amount of money, and times of day, and students are tough how to

type memorandums (Zoubec, 1973).

Speed and accuracy in shorthand writing begin with the very first lesson.

They depend almost wholly upon two things; first, the clearness of the mental

picture that the student has of each for; and second, his ability execute correctly

and rapidly the movements necessary to reproduce the image. A good shorthand

style depends eventually, not upon what the writer has in mind, but upon what he

can put on paper. It demands a clear vision plus mastery of movement. In

studying the drills, aim first at obtaining a clear mental picture of the form to be

executed; analyzed the change carefully until the facility is required and all

hesitation is removed (Gregg, 1965).

An extremely important part of students practices program in this reading

and copying of large quantities of well-written shorthand. This reading and

copying provide a constant, automatic review of the principle of the system.

Besides, its stocks the students mind with the shapes of individual shorthand

characters and with the correct joining of characters so that they can effectively

construct a shorthand outline for any word that is dictated (Zoubec, 1958). There
 xv

have been many techniques, such as brief, which are chord abbreviations and

have been used to optimize the stenographers typing performance. However,

each stenographer has his to maximize their performance. Essentially each

stenographer has his or her personality traits. http://www.aordapos.com.Accurate

Court Reporting (2017).

According to Louis (1980), a stenographer is used for real-time

transcription services, such as a courtroom, in academic settings, for closed

captioning or other events where the transcript must be available immediately.

Stenographers can either use regular computers or special machines that allow

them to type in shorthand. They are often called on, special in courtrooms to read

back what was said to help clarified dialogue for the listeners. Stenographers can

be employees or independent contractors. In the past their work has been limited

to their geographic location, they had to be present to record event. However, in

recent years' improvements in technology and internet speed have allowed

stenographer to work remotely. If working remotely, the specialist often uses to

describe their work.

The Industrial Revolution brought a demand for stenographers in

business. Because the geometric systems then in use required a high level of

education and long training, a need existed for a method that would be easier to

learn. The German Franz Xavier Gabelsberger (1789–1849) turned away from

geometric methods and developed a simple cursive system. Gabelsberger’s

system, which

he called “Speech-sign art,” was based on Latin longhand characters and had a
 xvi

neatness and beauty of outline that is unsurpassed. It enjoyed a spontaneous

success and spread to Switzerland, Austria, Scandinavia, Finland, and Russia.

The system’s simplicity made it an easy matter to translate it into other

languages.

For decades now, fast changes have been taking place in all facets of

human life including the office environment. This is as a result of technological

advancement. Every office in today's business world, be it government, industry

or other human endeavors, require facts and accurate information for quick

decision-making. The office worker, including the secretary, expects positive

support from the organization into which he/she is employed. This support can be

technological (machines and equipment) and human. In offices of past,

manager's dictated memos and letters and secretaries typed them. Most

recently, business has developed word processing centers and relied on

personal computers and even electronic mail to lessen the need for secretarial

support and make the employee-secretary very productive (Osuala, 2004).

As a result of changes in technology, the role of secretaries in business

has changed tremendously from that oftypewriting and shorthand dictation,

answering of telephone calls and processing of emails. Today's secretaries are

exposed to office technology including the internet that makes work much more

comfortable and knowledge more accessible (Edwin, 2008). It is now easier to

send messages by telex, electronic mails (e-mails), fax and telephones. Other

office gadgets available to the secretary are photocopy machines, duplicating

machines, dictating machines, printers, among others. This is the era of

 xvii

computers and information technology which has become an enabler of greater

convenience. 3 of the most popular types of computer software programmed are

word processing, which help the user to write and edit memos, letters and

reports, data management programs or databases, which help the user-secretary

to use long lists of data and spreadsheet programs, which handle tables and

numbers (Dulek and Fielden, 2002).

Secretaries now have many technologically advanced office gadgets to

ease their jobs and enhance proficiency and productivity leading to improved

access to goods and services globally (Akpomi, 2003; Anyakoha, 2002;

Wofersohn, 2001). There is a wide range of office machines and equipment

which now enable secretaries to improve their performances. Such new

machines take the form of electronic typewriters that have replaced the manual

ones. Word processors with milt-purpose facilities, computers, and other

sophisticated office machines and equipment are now provided by employers.

Some of the physical equipment used by secretaries includes computer

communication equipment and electronic pocket organizers (Ibrahim, 2013).

New technological equipment that has altered the procedures and

technique for office functions include the computers, electronic mail/ commerce,

voice mail, and the Internet. A secretary is an office-staff who combines the

mastery of secretarial skills of typewriting and shorthand with office routine

functions. Automation is an innovation and a consequence of the industrial

revolution. It is a collection of methods for controlling machinery and production

processes by the mechanical method, usually with electronic equipment. “

 xviii

Spencer ” defined automation as the process of replacing human work with work

done by machines or system designed to perform a specific combination of

action automatically or repeatedly.

“Mayer” defines a secretary as an executive assistant, who possesses a

mastery of office skills, demonstrates the ability to assume responsibility with or

without supervision, exercises initiatives and judgment and makes the decision

within the scope of assigned authority. It means that a qualified secretary should

have extensive knowledge of business acumen, versatile expertise in accounting,

personnel, office practice, communication and inside knowledge of the operation

of all departments within the organization where he works, unlike a half-baked

secretary who possesses only knowledge of shorthand, typewriting, and basic

office practices.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Shorthand System.

Can be cited for manual shorthand system, using symbols or alphabets,

machine shorthand, as well as voice transcription machines as mediums for

recording dictation. Because Gregg shorthand, symbols shorthand, has become

established as a predominant system in the United States, other systems have

not been readily accepted. Machine shorthand and abbreviated longhand system

can

provide vocational shorthand skills and list time should be considered where time

limitation is an essential factor. Since the recommended teaching procedures for

machine shorthand are almost identical with the approaches to manual

shorthand, shorthand teachers could learn to teach machines shorthand in a

 xix

relatively short period. However, a strong factor against beginning such a

program in the high schools has been the unwillingness of companies to

purchase shorthand machines for shorthand machine operators. There is a

growing trend among businesses to employ stenographers and secretaries with

abbreviated longhand skills. The opportunity of employment seems to be equal

between abbreviated longhand writers and symbol shorthand writers. The use of

transcribing machines for dictation is on the increase according to the studies

mentioned in this chapter. The average lent of time required to prepare an

individual to transcribe from the machine is from 2 to 4 weeks. The average lent

of time required to prepare an individual to indicate is from 3 to 6 weeks.

Changes in the method of taking dictation are taking place. However, five no

study as yet confirms the complete elimination of any one method of recording

dictation. Changes are occurring of different rates in different parts of the country.

The most significant changes seem to be taking place where businesses have

been unable to fill their needs.

Effect and Advantage of Stenotype.

The inventions relate chine of the type which spoken words. Such

machines are used in reporting conference, court procedure, and the light, and in

business offices for recording dictation. The devices now commonly used have

stenographic is used to record disadvantages which this invention seek to avoid,

and some of the inventions, therefore, is as follows; To employ a ribbon

mechanism that will provide uniform type impressions on the paper fed through

the machine as long as the ribbon fabric remains undamaged and requires little
 xx

or no attention or over long in the ribbon mechanism that is substantially less

expensive than the ribbons now commonly used in stenographic machines, and

one which requires less attention from Operator, to hold the weight of the

machine to a minimum by the use of a simplified ribbon assembly, and to

improve the appearance of the machine by reducing the size of the ribbon as

assembly to make it possible to reduce the overall of the machine and otherwise

permit streamlining.

No matter what stage of your life you're living. If you're examining vocation

options and choices, a court stenographer career may be precisely what you're

looking for. This profession has an appeal that is ageless and timeless, an

impatient student eager to join the workforce as soon as possible and a working

mom with kids in school can both discover the same advantages to pursuing this

new occupation that has been and continues to be one of the most rewarding

jobs in the world. While technology eliminates some kinds of jobs, it only

enhances stenography because recording history has always been and will

always be necessary.

Theoretical Framework

Shorthand, according to Encyclopedia Britannica, is" any system of rapid

writing using symbols or shortcut that can be made quickly to represent letters of

the alphabet, words, or phrases. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary

contractions or arbitrary signs of symbols for letters, words, etc.". Other terms

used for shorthand are brachygraphy; short writing (from the Greek word

meaning, short".) Stenography: Narrow writing (from the Greek word meaning,
 xxi

narrow''.), Tachygraphy; Swift writing (from the Greek word meaning, swift"). The

characters used in shorthand systems are based on two main approaches. Script

or cursive: This system uses letters, signs or symbols derived from normal

handwriting or print forms based on the Roman alphabet. Geometric: This

system uses an arbitrary alphabet of signs or characters which may be derived

from a geometric pattern such as a circle ellipse. The signs may be angular, or

they may follow the slope of normal handwriting. Similarly, there are two principal

abbreviation approaches in shorthand writing, namely – Orthography: System

based on the way words are spelled Phonography: System based on the way

words sounds or are pronounced. Early shorthand systems tended to use the

orthographic approach, but most of the more successful systems from the

eighteenth century onwards have used the photographic approach. The arch of

shorthand has a long history going back to the ancient Greeks and Egyptians.

Greek stenographic symbols have been found on the so-called" aero polis

stone," ca. 350bce. Xenophone is said to have used shorthand to write down the

memoirs of Socrates. The earliest recorded shorthand system by Tiro of Rome

dates from the first-century bce. Tiro was a liberated slave of Cicero whose

speeches he Academic Excellence recorded. It was a form of abbreviated

longhand which both Julius Caesar and Emperor Titus are said to have used

(Daniels and Bright, 1996).

Today, the definition of a secretary has almost excluded the word

"shorthand" as the part of what a secretary should know or knows. The National

Secretaries Association of America in Eni (1999) defined as secretary as "an

 xxii

assistant to an executive, possessing the mastery of office skills and ability to

assume responsibility without direct supervision, which displays initiative,

exercises judgment, and makes decisions within the scope of his/her authority."

Funk and Wagnalls Standard Desk Dictionary defined a secretary as a person

employed to deal with correspondences, keep records and handle clerical

business for an individual, business or committee". The Webster New Collegiate

Dictionary sees him/her as a confidential employee, one employed to handle

correspondence and manage routine and details work for a supervisor, a

business concern, organization, or society; one responsible for its records and

correspondence; an officer of state who superintended a government

administrative department. Another definition of secretary is that, a member of

the clerical staff whose fundamental functions are the concern with the

preparation, preservation, and presentation of the correspondence and

communication in all forms with the organization and to its customers. He further

stated that anybody whose primary function does not involve discussions in who

does not assist executives in his/her activities functioned as confidential. These

definitions corroborate the fact that the secretarial profession today has grown far

beyond what previously construed and perceived to be. Shorthand has now

rightly subsumed into office skills a secretary must possess, and little is therefore

heard of it, even though it is there very prominent in practice. Polytechnics and,

lately, universities in Nigeria have popularized shorthand writing as a critical

course or subject in the study of Secretarial Administration, Office Management

Technology, or Office Technology Management where the art is relevantly under

 xxiii

Management Sciences Faculty. To further bolster the importance of shorthand in

secretarial practice, Ahukannah and Chukwumezie (2008) recommended

shorthand and typewriting speeds of 120/50 words per minute respectively as

must skill levels. Shorthand speed of 120 words per minute puts the executive at

ease when dictating important business correspondence to the secretary.

Conceptual Framework
 xxiv

It is the researcher’s assumption on Determining the Speed of Learning

Shorthand Between Male and Female Office Administration Student’s in

Cronasia Foundation College, Inc. would like to possibly determine.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

SHORTHAND
WRITING/READING OF: LEVEL OF SPEED IN
 MALE LEARNING
 FEMALE

INTERVENING VARIABLES

Age
sex

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Hypotheses
There are no significant differences in the extent of usefulness in studying
 xxv

shorthand among Office Administration Students in terms of sex and age.

Definition of Terms/Variables

The following terms are operationally defined as follows;

Office Administration. A chosen course of students wherein related to office

and legal works and having especial course of stenography.

Shorthand. A method of writing quickly by using symbols or abbreviations for

sounds words or phrases. A short or quick way of showing or saying

something.Writer of shorthand, short typist, court reporters. A person whose job

is to write down the words that someone says by using a special type of writing

called shorthand.

Learning Shorthand. This refers to the ability of a student to learn shorthand

method within the specified time.

Speed. The quality of being quick in learning.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 xxvi

In conducting this study, different research methodology was adopted to

help provide valid and accurate answers to the research questions formulated by

the researchers.

Research Design

The researcher employ a quantitative method of research using a survey

questionnaire to asses to level of effectiveness of shorthand to the Bachelor of

Science in Office Administration Students in Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Sources of Data/Respondents

The respondents of the study were – 1 st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and 4th

Year who are currently enrolled in Cronasia Foundation College, Inc. this First

Semester, 2018-2019.

Year Level No. of Students Respondents

1st 10
2nd 10
3rd 15
4th 15
Total No. of Students Respondents 50
Table 1. Distribution of the Study

Research Instrument

The researchers used the constructed questionnaire and was validated by

 xxvii

experts on the readiness of the students as to the shorthand skills in writing,

reading, dictation, skills to language and efficient instruction materials.

Data Gathering/Procedures

The researcher sent a letter asking permission to conduct the study. Upon

approval, the questionnaire was administered and gathered the data. Before the

distribution of the questionnaire the researchers explained to the teachers and

students as the respondents of the objectives of conducting the study.

Statistical Tools/ Treatment Used

The following tools were used in this study: x́=

∑ wx , Frequency count
∑w
and percentages were used to describe the extend of the usefulness of the

respondent in shorthand and difference of two means was used to determine the

significance of the extend of the usefulness in studying shorthand, the formula is:

x 1−x 2
z=
s 21 s22
√ +
n1 n2

Research Locale
 xxviii

This study was be conducted at Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Located at Andres-Dizon Bldg. Pioneer Avenue, General Santos City,

Philippines.

Figure 2. Location Map

 xxix

CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

The chapter presented the analysis and interpretation of data gathered out

of the instruments used in the study and was presented according to the skills of

students in terms of Sex and Age in Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Profile of the respondents in terms of sex and age.

Table 1.a

Sex

Description Frequency Percentage

Male 20 40%
Female 30 60%
Total 50 100%

In table 1.a, the number of the male is 20, and the percentage out of the

total population is 40 percent. While in the female, it consists of 30 on its

population which equivalent to 60 percent.

Table 1.b

Age

Description Frequency Percentage

16 7 14%

17 6 12%

18 14 28%

19 11 22%
20 12 24%
Total 50 100%
 xxx

In table 1.b, in age 16 consist of 7 people equivalent to 14 percent. Also,

in the group of 17 years old has the population of 6 and an equivalent percentage

of 12 percent. The age of 18 has the percentage of 28 percent in the table which

has a number of 14 persons. The group age of 19 years old, there is a number of

11 people with the percentage of 22 percentage as being interpreted in the table.

Lastly, the last age group is 20 where it has 12 people with 12 percent in the

given data.

Table 2

The extent of usefulness in studying shorthand

Description
Questions Frequency Percentage
Sometimes
Question #1 34
68%
Sometimes
Question #2 35
70%
Never
Question #3 8
16%
Often
Question #4 33
66%
Rare
Question #5 14
28%
Sometimes
Question #6 35
70%
Sometimes
Question #7 40
80%
Always
Question #8 44
88%
Rare
Question #9 20
40%
Often
Question #10 23
46%
Sometimes
Question #11 31
62%
Always
Question #12 45
90%
Sometimes
Question #13 37
74%
 xxxi

Often
Question #14 27
54%
Always
Question #15 45
90%
Rare
Question #16 19
38%
Rare
Question #17 17
34%
Never
Question #18 6
12%
Often
Question #19 21
42%
Always
Question #20 42
84%
Grand Mean 28.8 57.6% Often

The extent of usefulness in studying shorthand among office

administration students

In identifying the extent of the usefulness in studying shorthand, their

response with positive is being computed and described as always(with

percentage of 100-81); sometimes(with percentage of 80-61); often(with

percentage of 60-41); rare(with percentage of 40-21); never(with percentage of

20-0).

In table 2, it shows that 4 out of 20 in the table or has the percentage of

20% in all ways, 6 out of 20 is those responses with sometimes are in 30% as

the percentage, in often there is 4 out of 20 with the percentage of 20%, it is also

been shown that 4 out of 20 is being said that its on rare, and 2 out of 20 said

that it is never that importance with the percentage of 10%.

It implies that the extent of the usefulness in studying shorthand among office

administrator in Cronasia Foundation College is often with a percentage of

57.6%.
 xxxii

The significant difference in the extent of usefulness in studying shorthand

in terms of sex

Table 3

The significant difference in terms of sex

Variab Mea Varian Numb Level of Tabul Comput Remarks

le n ce er of significa ar ed

data nce value value

Male 14.5 70.72 40 0.05 Z>1.6 0.29 There is no

5 45 significant

relationship
Femal 10.4 54.31 40

e 5

In table 3, it is shown by the difference of the two means that the level of

significance with the value α=0.05 and has the tabular value of z>1.645. The

mean of the first variable is 14.55, and the other one is 10.45 which include the

first variance of 70.72 and the other one of 54.31. Both of them got the same

number of respond of 40 so that it comes up together with the formula is 0.29

with the result of there is no significant relationship between the extent of the

usefulness of studying shorthand according to gender.

The significant difference in the extent of usefulness in studying shorthand

in terms of age

Table 4

The significant difference in terms of age

Variab Mea Varian Numb Level of Tabul Comput Remarks

 xxxiii

le n ce er of significa ar ed

data nce value value

16 28.8 149.01 20 0.05 Z>1.6 0.15 There is no

years 45 significant

old- relationship
20year 21.7 149.59 20

s old

In table 4, it is the data gathered to determine the significant difference of

the extent of the usefulness in studying shorthand. This also considers the age

bracket of the respondent to have their responsibilities and interpreted in the use

of the difference of the two means formula, where the mean of the two is 28.8

and 21.7. The variance of the two is 149.01 and 149.59 with the level of

significance of α=0.05 together with the tabular value of z>1.645. Upon all the

computation being made, the computed value is 0.15 where it touched the non-

rejecting side so that we will conclude that there is no significant relationship

between the extent of the usefulness of studying shorthand in terms of age.

 xxxiv

Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions, and

recommendations which were obtained from the results in the interpretation and

analysis of data.

Summary

Shorthand is a method of quickly writing down information. It is used

mainly by office work, police work, journalist and court procedure.

 xxxv

As the result of this, it indicates that the primary purpose of the study is to

(1) to determine the extent of use of Shorthand in terms of age and sex. In order

to achieve this purpose, the research as reviewed the contributions of some

anthers on the research topic. This made up the Literature Review. We also

choose Office Administration students of Cronasia Foundation College, Inc., as

the focus of the study. The population of the study is (50) students from 1 st year

to 4th year at the age of 16 to 20 years old in the area of research. After

conducting a survey with them, we found out that Shorthand is still an

indispensable tool to the practicing professional secretary. We also found out that

there is no difference in learning shorthand between male and female.

Findings

After analyzing the different data, the following are the findings of the study:

1. The extent of the usefulness in studying shorthand is just fair or often

because of the result in the general mean, or overall percentage of

57.6% that has the description in the rubric in 41%-60% is in often.

2. The computed z value is less the critical value with the level of

significance of 0.05. Therefore, there is no significant relationship

between the extent of the usefulness of the studying shorthand in

 xxxvi

terms of sex

3. Also, the computed z value is less than the critical value, and its level

of significance is 0.05 so that there is no significant relationship

between the extent of the usefulness of studying shorthand in terms of

age.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the study, the researcher formulated the following

conclusions:

In general, the extent of the usefulness of the usefulness of studying

shorthand is not really important and did not also being disregarded, and it is just

average in them in terms of studying shorthand to them.

There is no significant difference in the extent of usefulness in learning

shorthand in terms of age and sex.

Recommendation

Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it is recommended that

1. Students, teachers, people in business, and parents should be aware

of the Shorthand system and its use in helping students attain a

shorthand skill at employable rates of speed and accuracy within a

short period of time.

2. Schools that prepare business teachers should employ shorthand

instructors who are knowledgeable and proficient in more than one

 xxxvii

shorthand system.

3. Evaluate the capacity of each student in terms of dictating and

transcribing letters.

4. A study is undertaken to determine whether abbreviated longhand

systems and whether their dictation speeds would meet the needs of

the company.

5. A follow-up study should be conducted of graduates to determine

whether Shorthand has been of benefit to them on the job.

REFERENCES

Gregg. J. R, (1958). Gregg Speed. The Gregg Publishing Company.

Grupe, D. F. (2015) Retrieved from http://www.mymajors.com/atenotype-

operators/schools

Insperity (2015). Retrieved from http://www.jobdescription.com/Setnotype-

operators

Leslie, L., & Date, L. A. (1980). Gregg Shorthand for Colleges, McGraw-Hill,

Inc.

MediaWiki. (2016). Retrieved from http:www.newworldencylopedia.

 xxxviii

Online Colaboration. (2016). Retrieved from

http:www.newworldencylopedia.com/org.

Rader, Charles, Zoubec, Charles, Ramsey, Strid F. (1973). The Gregg.

McGraw-
Company Plates.

Ramsey, A. F. (1917). Shorthand Plates. Gregg Publishing Company.

Reporting, A. C. (2017) Retrieved from http://www.acredepos.com.

Richards, R. J. (1966). A Comparison of Current Shorthand Systems, Using

Silverthone’s High-Frequency World List. Utah State University.

State of California. (2016). Retrieved from http://wwwcourtreporteredu.com/org.

Stenograph L. L. C. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.stenograph.com.

Stoekel, E. H. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.stenograph.com

Willoughby, (2017). Retrieved from http://www.ericson.com/broadcastramedia.

Zoubek, C. E. (1958). Library of Congress Catagaloging-in-Publication Data.

Gregg Publishing Company.

Appendix A

Letter of Permission to the School Administration

CRONASIA FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.

Andres-Dizon, Bldg. Pioneer Avenue,
________________General Santos City, 9500__________________

OCTOBER 2018

ATTY. CYD CHARISSE P. NON-DIZON, REA, REB

School Administrator
This Institution

Dear Atty. Dizon:

 xxxix

Greetings of Peace!

This letter is in compliance with our Basic Research subject wherein we are
required to conduct study among the students of Cronasia Foundation College,
Inc., General Santos City
In view of these, I, in behalf of my group hereby asking permission from your
good office to allow us to conduct a research entitled” DETERMINING THE
SPEED OF LEARNING SHORTHAND BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE
OFFICE ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS IN CRONASIA FOUNDATION
COLLEGE, INC.” on the above-mentioned offices. With this activity, it will help
us understand and develop our skills in doing this paper works and to produce
better output.
Your positive response would be of big help for the success of our activity.
Very truly yours,
OMBAO, TRICIA MAE B.
Research Team Leader

Noted by:

MS. MAY MAEH V. TOBATO-CAMLIAN, LPT

Adviser

Approved by:
ATTY. CYD CHARISSE P. NON-DIZON, REA, REB
School Administrator

Appendix B

Letter of Permission to the Program Coordinator

CRONASIA FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.

Andres-Dizon, Bldg. Pioneer Avenue,
________________General Santos City, 9500__________________

OCTOBER 2018

MARIA CRESANTA G. HITALIA

BSOA, Program Coordinator
This Institution

Dear Ma’am:
 xl

Greetings of Peace!

The undersigned would like to ask permission from your good office to conduct a
survey questionnaire relative to our paper entitled” DETERMINING THE SPEED
OF LEARNING SHORTHAND BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE OFFICE
ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS IN CRONASIA FOUNDATION COLLEGE,
INC.” as part of our curriculum. We believe that a successful individual your
expertise could really help us to reach our goal on the above-mentioned activity.

Your positive response would be of big help for the success of our activity. Thank
you and God bless you.

Respectfully yours

OMBAO, TRICIA MAE B.

Research Team Leader

Noted by:

MS. MAY MAEH V. TOBATO-CAMLIAN, LPT

Adviser

Approved by:

ATTY. CYD CHARISSE P. NON-DIZON, REA, REB

School Administrator

Appendix C

QUESTIONING TOOL

Determining the Speed of Learning Shorthand Between Male and

Female Office Administration Students in Cronasia Foundation College,
Inc.

Name(optional): Yr./Course:
Sex: Age:
 xli

QUESTIONS YES NO
1. As a student, Is the writing shorthand
useful?
2. Do you think that learning shorthand
is still important nowadays?
3. Is gender gives difference in learning
shorthand?
4. Does the shorthand give advantage
in applying for a job?

5. Does age matters on learning this

skill?
6. Do you think it is necessary to learn
shorthand?
7. Is there a need to learn shorthand?
8. Is shorthand difficult to learn?
9. Is learning Shorthand affects the
attitude of individual?
10. Does this kind of skill suit your dream
job?
11. Is learning shorthand worth it?
12. Is students acquire shorthand skills
on their jobs specially in laws?
13. Do you encountered outstanding
problems in the shorthand system?
14. Do you spend more time in
transcribing shorthand?
15. Is stenographers and secretaries
expected to composed letter using
shorthand?
16. Do you agree that female can easily
catch up than male?
17. Is there a difference between female
and male in learning shorthand?
18. Is there are age limitation in
shorthand?
19. Is your dictation skills enough?

20. Do you use technique in writing

shorthand?
 xlii

Appendix D

Rubrics for the computation of the extend of the usefulness in

studying shorhand.

Percent Discription

81%-100% Always

80%-61% Sometimes

60%-41% Oftend

40%-21% Rare

20%-0% Never
 xliii

Taliwasa Datu Abdullah

Sangki Maguindanao
Mobile +63169841759
Email: Leonidajuviann@gmail.com

Juvi Ann Panganiban Leonida

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth July 07, 1998

Birth of Place Taliwasa Datu Abdullah Sangki Maguindanao
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Age 20
Sex Female
Religion Roman Catholic
Height 4’9
Weight 50
Parent’s Name Vicente G. Leonida
Jocelyn P. Leonida

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Campo Quatro Elementary School

2010-2011

Secondary Esperanza National High School

2014-2015

Tertiary Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Pioneer Avenue
2018
 xliv

Upper Putting Bato Calumpang

General Santos City
Mobile +63109280122
Email: Olmedorosesweet17@gmail.com

ROSESWEET SARATOBIAS OLMEDO

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth December 12, 1996

Birth of Place Danlag Tampakan South Cotabato
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Age 21
Sex Female
Religion Roman Catholic
Height 4’9
Weight 40
SSS no. 0940237784
Philhealth# 172508095983
Parent’s Name Bonifacio Olmedo Sr.
Rosita Olmedo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Balunto Elementary School

2010-2011

Secondary General Santos City National High School

2014-2015

Tertiary Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Pioneer Avenue
2018
 xlv

Prk 19 blk 17 lot 3

Fatima Uhaw New Bayanihan
General Santos City
Mobile +63072588906
Email: Triciamaeombao@gmail.com

TRICIA MAE BANLUTA OMBAO

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth May 16, 1996

Birth of Place Gensanville Subdivision
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Age 22
Sex Female
Religion Latter Day-Saints
Height 5’1
Weight 46
SSS No. 0938033275
Philhealth # 170254831762
Parent’s Name Alejandro Sarabia Ombao
Anna Mae Banluta Ombao

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Fatima Central Elementary School

2007-2008

Secondary General Santos National High School

Calumpang
2011-2012

Tertiary Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Pioneer Avenue
2018
 xlvi

Litan Ville Phase 2

Brgy. Sinawal
General Santos City
Mobile +63504261049
Email: Wendycute_19@yahoo.com

WENDY SALVADICO PARDILLO

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth April 19, 1999

Birth of Place Minglanilla Cebu City
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Sex Female
Age 19
Religion Roman Catholic
Height 5’3
Weight 45
Parent’s Name Reden Zapra Pardillo
Nancy Bayot Salvadico

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUD

Primary Lower Tunghaan Elementary School

Cebu City
2010-2011

Secondary New Society National High School

Apopong
2014-2015

Tertiary Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Pioneer Avenue
2018
 xlvii

Glungga Basag Tboli

South Cotabato
Mobile +63756017869
Email: tbrazel30@gmail.com

BRAZEL E. TAGUSI

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth July 01, 1998

Birth of Place Glungga Basag Tboli South Cotabato
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Age 20
Sex Female
Religion Alliance
Height 5’4
Weight 49
Parent’s Name Arsareh Tagusi
Violeta Tagusi

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Batotitik Mission Academy, Inc.

Batotitik Basag Tboli South Cotabato
2010-2011

Secondary Basag National High School

Basag Tboli South Cotabato
2014-2015

Tertiary Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.

Pioneer Avenue
2018
xlviii