The Propaganda Movement  Graciano López Jaena - publisher of

Propaganda Movement - a cultural La Solidaridad

organization formed in 1872 by Filipino  Juan Luna - painter and sculptor
expatriates in Europe.  Pedro Paterno
-Composed of the Filipino elite called  Anastacio Carpio
"ilustrados" - exiled liberals and students
attending Europe's universities gravitated to  Eduardo de Lete
the movement.  Miguel Moran
-was aimed at the Spanish who were then  Antonio Maria Regidor
the rulers of the Philippines.  Isabelo delos Reyes
-It was meant to encourage the Spanish to be  José Alejandrino
more aware of the problems and needs of the
Philippines and to propagate (which is
where the name comes from) a better Aims of the Movement
relationship between the colony and the
"mother country."  Representation of the Philippines in
-In existence for 25 years (1872-1896) - the Cortes Generales, the Spanish
began with the death of the GomBurZa parliament;
martyrs and ended with the execution of  Secularization of the clergy;
Rizal.  Legalization of Spanish and Filipino
equality;
The Propagandists  Creation of public school system
independent of Catholic friars;
Members:
 Abolition of the polo y servicios
 Graciano Lopez Jaena (labor service) and vandala (forced
 José P. Rizal- author of Noli Me sale of local products to the
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, wrote government);
for La Solidaridad under the name  Guarantee of basic freedoms;
"Laon Laan“  Equal opportunity for Filipinos and
 Marcelo H. del Pilar - the editor and Spanish to enter government service
co-publisher of the La Solidaridad
The Nature Of Propaganda Movement
and wrote under the name "Plaridel“
 Antonio Luna - wrote for La  To make the Philippines a Province
Solidaridad under the name "Taga- of Spain. There was no desire for
Ilog“ independence.
 Mariano Ponce - wrote for La  Believed that it would be better for
Solidaridad under the name Filipinos
"Tikbalang“  to become Spanish and enjoy all the
 Jose Maria Panganiban - wrote for rights and privileges equally.
La Solidaridad under the name
"Jomapa“
  Sought for a slot for a representative  The Friars were badly affected by the
in the Spanish Cortes. insults in this tale and wanted Jaena
 Absolutely for Assimilation. punished for this.
 Because of the situation, he secretly
What Kind Of People Lead The Propaganda left for spain
Movement,  Enrolled in medicine at the
 They are Filipino men of wealth and university of Valencia.
intellect.  He later transferred to Madrid,
 They are situated in Spain. because of the feel and atmosphere
 Considered reformists, not of the environment there.
revolutionists.  He was a great orator in the social
 Resorted to peaceful means to and political clubs, his pieces
convince the however, are mostly about the sad
 authorities in Spain to introduce condition of the Philippines.
beneficent  He stood against Fr. Ramon
 reforms in the administration of the Martinez Vigil, in an oratorical
occasion, where in the later is
 Philippines.
delivering his speech about how
“benevolent” the Friars are in the
Philippines.
To this group of young Filipinos belonged
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Jose Rizal, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce,
Jose M. Panganiban, Eduardo Lete, and a  He is the political analyst of the
few others whose role in the reform Filipino colony in Spain.
movement was more or less passive.  Was born in barrio Kupang, Bulakan
Bulakan, on August 30, 1850.
 Son of Julian H. del Pilar and Blasa
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA Gatmaitan.
 His father was a poet and Marcelo
 Born in Jaro, Iloilo, on December 17, inherited his love for arts from him.
1856.  Studied at the College of San Jose
 Son of Placido Lopez and Maria and later in the University of Santo
Jacobo Jaena. Tomas, where he finished his law
 Studied at the seminary of Jaro course in 1880.
operated by the Paulists, but it  In 1878, he married his first cousin,
seemed that his study of religion and Mariciana del Pilar.
the atmosphere of the seminary did  He had several children with only
not in the least affect his inborn Anita and Sofia surviving.
qualities as a rebel.  He began as his country’s evangelist
 Wrote a tale entitled “Fray Botod”. in 1880.
  Made plazas and the cockpits his  His mother became a victim of gross
platform for preaching the gospel of injustice and was imprisoned.
work, self-respect, and dignity.  When he was eighteen, his “a la
 He wanted to bring the masses to juventud filipina” won first place in a
consciousness by making them literary contest.
unified.  His “el consejo de los dioses” later
 In 1882, he founded the nationalistic was adjudged as the best entry in a
newspaper Diariong Tagalog. contest, but not awarded as first prize
 He wrote: simply because he was a Filipino.
- pamphlets ridiculing friar  He studied for a time at University of
sovereignty and exposing Santo Tomas.
injustices committed almost daily  Later in 1882, he left for Spain, at
against Filipinos. the age of twenty one.
- dalasan at toksohan - a parody  He finished one of his famous work,
of the prayer book. the “noli me tangere”, which means
- amain namin - a parody of our “do not touch me.” at the age of
Father. twenty six.
 Because of his works, the Spanish  In 1891, he finished his second
authorities ordered his arrest. novel, “el filibusterismo”, which
 Skipped the country and left for was published in the same year with
Spain in October 1888. the help of Valentin Ventura, who
 In December 1889, he took over the lent money to publish the book.
editorship of the Sol and became the  Rizal returned to the Philippines for
moving spirit behind the reform the second time –the first was in
movement. 1887- early in 1892 and was
promptly arrested and thrown into
JOSE RIZAL
Fort Santiago.
 The most cultured reformist.  On July 7, 1892, his banishment to
 Was born in Kalamba, Laguna, on Dapitan was announced officially.
June 19, 1861.  He remained in Dapitan for four
 Son of Francisco Mercado and years, where he helped his less
Teodora Alonzo. fortunate countrymen, and did other
 Was alleged to have written a things like beautifying the Plaza.
tagalog poem at the age of eight  He asked permission from the
entitled “sa aking mga kabata”. governor-general to go to Cuba to
 Secured his preliminary education enlist as a military doctor.
under a private tutor in Binyang,  His request was granted and soon he
Rizal was sen to Manila to continue was on a ship to Manila. It was a
his studies. critical moment that the revolution
 Enrolled at AteneoMunicipal, flared up.
operated by the Jesuits.  Rizal not wanting to be involved in
the revolt, stayed on the ship to await
 the arrival of the next steamer for
Spain. - Concieved as early as july 1888, was
 Before the ship could dock at inaugurated on January 12, 1889 in
Barcelona, he was placed under Madrid.
arrest and returned to the Philippines. - It was composed of Spaniards and
 Charged with treason and complicity Filipinos who favored the granting of
in the revolution, he was sentenced reforms in the colony.
to die by musketry on the early - Prominent among the spanish
morning of December 30, 1896. members were Miguel Morayta,
profesor of history at the Universidad
LA SOLIDARIDAD central de Madrid, and Felipe de la
- On February 15, 1889, the first Corte, author of several works on the
number of La Solidaridad came out Philippines.
in Barcelona. - Morayta was elected as president of
- The paper was a fortnightly the society.
dedicated to the exposition of - To make the propaganda work
conditions in the Philippines. effective, the society was divided
- the defense of the Filipinos to the into three sections: the political
malicious and slanderous attacks of section under Marcelo H. del Pilar;
the friars, and the publication of the literay section under Mariano
studies about the Philippines and the Ponce; and the sports section under
Filipinos. Tomas Arejola.
- Its first editor was Lopez Jaena, but - It was this society which urged no
he turned over its management to del less than fiftytwo spanish towns to
Pilar in December 1889. petition the cortes to favor
- The news of the birth of the Sol parliamentary representation of the
reached Philippines within two philippines.
months and by then, the nationalists - The patition was presented to the
started contributing. Cortes by representative Emilio
- Having played its role creditably, the Junoy on February 21, 1895, but
newspaper bowed out of existence in nothing came out of it.
Madrid with its last number dated
November 15, 1895. THE ROLE OF MASONRY
- Disgusted with the role of the friars
REFORMISTS USED PEN NAMES:
in the Philippines, the Filipino
Rizal - used Dimas Alang and Laong Laan. propagandists in Spain affiliated with
Mariano Ponce- Tikbalang, Naning, and Masonic lodges in Spain.
Kalipulako. - Lopez Jaena thought of bringin all
Antonio Luna - Taga-Ilog. Filipino Masons into one lodge.
Marcelo H. del Pilar – Plaridel Consequently he established the
Jose Ma. Panganiban - Jo-Mapa. lodge Revolucion in Barcelona,
which was exclusively by and for the
THE HISPANO-FILIPINO ASSOCIATION Filipinos.
- A year later lodge La Solidaridad
was founded in Madrid.
- They established lodge Nilad in the
Philippines on January 6, 1891.
Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio
Luna carried this out. In march 10,
1892,
a year later, it was recognized by the
gran oriente español.
- Their platform presented how they
wanted a good government, how
they wanted to be represented in the however, was a Mason- it served as a
cortes, how they wanted reforms. pattern for the methods and
- At the outbreak of revolution, organization of the radical
Katipunan.

LA LIGA FILIPINA

- The society lasted only a few

months.
- Its death led to a conflict among its
members.
- The middle-class members of the
society believed that something
could still be done by La Solidaridad
in its campaign reforms.
- The poor members led by Andres
Bonifacio thought that there was no
hope of reforms.
- This conflict led to the formation of
cuerpo de compromisarios by the
middle class. It later died after a few
months for its mambers were too
passive and too conservative to make
the society an effective medium for
masonry was already deeply propaganda.
entrenched in the Philippines though - Bonifacio, however, has already
not directly responsible for founded his Katipunan
revolutionAndres Bonifacio,
Result Of The Propaganda sufficient means with which to carry
Movement out their aims.
It achieved only minor reforms during its - There was a difficulty in collecting
time: funds for the continued production of
- such as the abolition of the tobacco the sol.
monopoly; - The propagandists were divided
- the replacement of the tribute with against themselves by petty
the cedula tax; jealousies. The result was the
- and the reduction of forced labor weakening of the ties that bond them
from 40 days to 15 days in a year. - together.
However, the propagandists failed to Reasons For The Failure
convince the Spanish hierarchy to carry - There was a difficulty in collecting
out major reforms in the Philippines. funds for the continued production of
Instead, the members of the movement the sol.
were arrested, prompting them to flee the - The propagandists were divided
country and escape persecution. against themselves by petty
Meanwhile, the Filipinos were jealousies. The result was the
prohibited from reading Rizal's two weakening of the ties that bond them
novels, as well as the published essays or together
articles written by other reformists. The
curtailment of the freedom press and The Propaganda Movement was a
assembly were also strictly enforced. FAILURE because of various reasons:
 First and foremost, the leaders
FAILURE OF THE REFORM were ambitious and somewhat
MOVEMENT greedy. They did do some
- The intensive campaign of La reforms but those reforms were
Solidaridad for reforms did not yield only for their own interest.
any tangible result in the form of  Another reason was the lack of
changes on the administration of the fund to support the movement.
Philippines. Internal Conflicts was also
- It is true that is brought to the present between propagandists
attention of the peninsular Spaniards Rizal and del Pillar which led to
the so-called Philippine problem, but del Pillar's backing out from the
the mother country was too movement.
preoccupied with its own internal
problems.
- Also, the friars were too powerful
even in Spain to be sidetracked by
the Spanish authorities.
- The societies established in the
Philippines whose purpose was to
campaign for reforms did not have