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DPF 4 PDF

Singeing is the process of burning off protruding fiber ends from the surface of a fabric to obtain a clean, smooth surface. It helps reduce pilling, allows for clearer printing, and prevents uneven dyeing. There are three main types of singeing machines: gas, plate, and roller. Gas singeing machines can singe both sides of the fabric continuously but require careful control of flame intensity and fabric speed to prevent over-singeing. The effectiveness of singeing can be evaluated by examining the fabric for remaining fibers or pilling. Proper singeing prepares fabrics for downstream processes like dyeing and printing.

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106 views13 pages

DPF 4 PDF

Singeing is the process of burning off protruding fiber ends from the surface of a fabric to obtain a clean, smooth surface. It helps reduce pilling, allows for clearer printing, and prevents uneven dyeing. There are three main types of singeing machines: gas, plate, and roller. Gas singeing machines can singe both sides of the fabric continuously but require careful control of flame intensity and fabric speed to prevent over-singeing. The effectiveness of singeing can be evaluated by examining the fabric for remaining fibers or pilling. Proper singeing prepares fabrics for downstream processes like dyeing and printing.

Uploaded by

Md. Sabbir Sabbir Hossain
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SINGEING

The verb singe literally means to burn superficially. Technically,


singeing refers to the burning-off.

Singeing is an important part of pretreatment. This is the burning off of


protruding fiber ends from the surface of the fabric. Loose fibers not
firmly bound into the yarn and/or fabric structure. If singeing not done
properly, unclear print patterns, mottled fabric surfaces, and pilling
results.
Objectives of singeing
 Singeing of a fabric is done in order to obtain a clean fabric surface
which allows the structure of the fabric to be clearly seen.
 Fabrics, which have been signed, soil less easily than un-singed
fabrics.
 The risk of pilling, especially with synthetics and their blends, is
reduced in case of singed fabrics.
 Singed fabrics allow printing of fine intricate patterns with high
clarity and detail.
 The risk of skitter dyeing with singed articles dyed in dark shades is
considerably reduced, as randomly protruding fibers are removed in.
 singeing which could cause diffused reflection of light.
Necessity of singeing in textile
Singeing of textile materials is necessary for the following reasons:

 Cotton materials are valued for their smooth appearance. After the
formation of fabric it has a fuzzy or hairy appearance due to
projecting fibers, thus affecting the luster and smoothness cotton is
known for.
 Unsigned fabrics are soiled easily
 The protruding fibers obstruct the subsequent dyeing and printing
process
 Goods which are to be mercerized are signed to maximize the luster
 In fabrics of polyester and cellulosic fiber blends singeing is the best
method to control pilling, sometimes double singeing is done to
minimize the pilling.
Types of Singeing Machines
There are three main types of
singeing machine

 Gas singeing machine,


 Plate singeing machine,
 Rotary-cylinder or Roller singeing
machine.
Roller singeing machine.
Gas singeing machine

This machine can singed both parts/sides.


At first the fabric is drawn on to the guide roller and the brushing is done on
the both sides of the fabric, so that flying fibers strands sufficiently.
Then the fabric is passed over the burner. The height of the flame depends
upon the fineness and coarseness and speed of the fabric.
After singeing the fabric is immersed in the water or desizing tank to
prepare for the next process.
Advantage of gas singeing Disadvantage of gas singeing

 Both sides singeing in this  Not suitable for synthetic fibre.


process.
 Dirty burner can produce spot on the
 It is a standard process and ideal fabric.
singeing.
 Due to inconsistent speed, fabric
 It is a continuous process. may get burnt.
 Fabric becomes very suitable for
subsequent process.
Important gas singeing parameters

Following are the important gas singeing parameters:

 Flame intensity,
 Fabric speed,
 Singeing position,
 Distance between flame burner and fabric,
 Flame Width.
Common problems in GAS singeing:

•Incomplete singeing
•Uneven singeing across the fabric width
•Uneven singeing along the fabric length
•Horizontal singeing stripes
•Vertical singeing stripes
•Over-singing or thermal damage of the fabric
•Formation of small beads of molten material.
Testing singeing effectiveness:

• The effectiveness of singeing process can be checked by one or more of the


following.
• By looking at the singed fabric with magnifying glass and comparing its
hairiness with that of the un-singed fabric. A well-singed fabric shows less
hairiness.
• By testing the singed fabric for pilling performance and comparing it with
that of the unsigned fabric. A well-singed fabric gives less pilling.
• By sticking and removing a sticking tape on the singed fabric and
observing the number of fibers attached to the sticking side of the tape. A
well-singed fabric results in less number of fibers sticking on the tape.
• Noticing the feel or handle of the singed fabric. An over –singed fabric
may give a harsher feeling.
Compare Plate, Roller & Gas singeing m/c:
Plate Singeing m/c Roller singeing Gas singeing

1. One side of fabric is 1. One side of fabric is 1. Both side of fabric is


singed. singed. singed.
2. Uniform temp cannot be 2. Uniform temp cannot be 2. Uniform temp can
maintained. maintained. be maintained.
3. Extra lusture produce, 3. Extra lusture produce, 3. No extra lusture is
due to friction between due to friction betn fabric produced.
fabric & surface. & surface.
4. Not suitable for dyeing 4. Not suitable for dyeing 4. Very suitable for
& printing. & printing. dyeing & printing.

5. Brush is not used for 5. Brush is not used for 5. Brush is used for
proper singeing. proper singeing. proper singeing.
6. Plate may decay due to 6. Cylinder may decay due 6. No decay.
friction. to friction.
Precaution during Singeing
Some of the precautions to be taken in considerations during singeing:-

1. The fabric to be singed should be dry as wet fabric tends to scorch


more readily than dry.
2. Uneven singeing may cause streaks on fabric when the fabric is
finished.
3. Improper singeing may lead to loss of 75 % loss in tensile strength loss
in warp direction.
4. The fabric should not contain any acid releasing salt, which may
release acid on heating and tender the fabric.
5. Stopping the machines may cause bars on the fabrics.
6. Singeing may cause hardening of the size thus leading to difficulty in
its removal.
7. Possibility of thermal damage to temperature sensitive fabrics.
8. The burning characteristics of fibers must be taken into account when
this process is applied, as heat-sensitive fibers melt, forming tiny balls
on the surface of the fabric. These balls interfere with dye absorption,
so that, as a general rule, heat sensitive fibers would be singed after
dyeing or printing.

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