Scribd
Upload
2K views37 pages

Structural Plans and Loadings

The document discusses structural plans and loadings for a civil engineering design project. It defines structural plans as drawings that show load-bearing members and materials for a building. It also defines permanent and variable actions as different types of loads on a structure. Examples of standard permanent and variable load values are presented from various codes and standards. The concepts of load path and load distribution are described, which explain how loads are transferred through a structure.

Uploaded by

Muhd Muqhrey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views37 pages

Structural Plans and Loadings

The document discusses structural plans and loadings for a civil engineering design project. It defines structural plans as drawings that show load-bearing members and materials for a building. It also defines permanent and variable actions as different types of loads on a structure. Examples of standard permanent and variable load values are presented from various codes and standards. The concepts of load path and load distribution are described, which explain how loads are transferred through a structure.

Uploaded by

Muhd Muqhrey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

STRUCTURAL PLANS

AND LOADINGS

ECS358 – CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT

PREPARED BY: NADIAH SAARI


Course Outcomes
CO1: Design reinforced concrete elements and system to meet
requirements for public safety, societal and environmental
considerations.

CO2: Construct civil engineering design projects in accordance with


relevant code of practices.

CO3: Utilise appropriate techniques in civil engineering design


project within the scope and limitations.

CO4: Demonstrate effective communication skills in civil


engineering design project.

CO5: Integrate professional ethics and responsibilities in civil


engineering design project.

2
Programme Outcomes
PO3/PLO3: Design solutions for well-defined technical problems
and assist with the design of systems, components or processes
to meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public
health and safety, cultural, societal and environmental
considerations.

PO4/PLO2: Conduct investigations of well-defined problems;


locate and search relevant codes and catalogues, conduct
standard tests and measurements.

PO5/PLO2: Apply appropriate techniques, resources and modern


engineering and IT tools to well-defined engineering problems,
with an awareness of the limitations.
3
Programme Outcomes
PO8/PLO6: Understand and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of technician practice.

PO10/PLO4: Communicate effectively as an individual and as a


member in diverse technical teams.

4
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic students should be able to:

1. Understand what are structural plans and types of structural layout


plans.

2. Understand the difference between permanent action and variable


action.

3. Determine standard loading values of permanent action and variable


action using different source of references.

4. Determine the load path and load distribution on structural members.

5. Prepare structural key plans and load distribution diagrams for RC


building design project using computer-aided software.
5
Structural Plan
• A structural plan, which is a type of engineering drawing, shows
details for how a building or other structure will be built.

• Structural plans are generally prepared by registered


professional engineers and based on information provided
by architectural drawings.

• Structural plans are primarily concerned with the load-carrying


members of a structure. They outline the size and types of
materials to be used, as well as the general demands for
connections.

6
Structural Plan
• They do not address architectural details like surface finishes,
partition walls or mechanical systems.

• Structural plans communicate the design of the building's


structure to the local authority for review.

• Structural plans are also included with a proposed building's


contract documents, which guide contractors in detailing,
fabricating, and installing parts of the structure.

7
Example of structural roof plan (not to scale)

8
Example of structural layout plan showing locations of RC beam,
RC column and slab of a typical floor in a building
9
Example of structural foundation plan

10
Structural Plan
• Guidelines in preparing structural key plans:

1. Position beams and columns in simple and logical layout.

2. Beam span should not be too long as this will increase the beam
cross-section, leading to material and cost inefficiencies.

3. The column should be continuous and uninterrupted from floor to


floor to ensure a direct load transfer path to the foundation.

4. Provide grid lines for both axes – use alphabet letters for x-
direction and numbers for y-direction, or vice versa.

5. Beams and columns at identical locations but on a different floor


must have the same grid marks.

11
Structural Plan
6. A continuous beam is referenced by
the grid line along which it runs
followed by the grid line of the
opposite direction, e.g. B/1-4, 4/B-D
etc.

7. A column is referenced by the


intersection of grid lines, e.g. C4, D3
etc.

8. Slab is referenced based on the area


function and use a symbol to indicate
one-way or two-way slab on each
area.

9. Alternatively, slab may be referenced


using S1, S2,…Sn; use the same
mark for identical slab areas.
12
Actions
• Actions are a set of applied forces (or loads) for which a
structure is to be designed. Actions can be categorized as:

Action Type Sources


Roof finishes, floor finishes, ceiling, service
Permanent (dead load)
ducts, insulation, walls, self-weight etc.
Variable (imposed/live load) People, furniture, storage, machineries etc.
Depends on location, seasonal, probability,
Wind
building height etc.
Environmental Snow, seismic, temperature

13
Actions
• The standard loadings for permanent and variable actions for
RC buildings can be referred in Uniform Building By Laws
(1984).

• Other codified loading guidance may also be used for the


determination of permanent and variable actions such as EN
1991: Eurocode 1 – Actions on Structures and MS EN 1991-1-
1:2010 National Annex.

14
Actions
• Some examples of permanent actions given in UBBL 1984

15
• Some examples of variable actions given in UBBL 1984

16
17
• Some examples of permanent actions from EC1: Part 1.1 & BS 648

18
• Some examples of permanent actions from EC1: Part 1.1 & BS 648

19
• Some examples of permanent actions from EC1: Part 1.1 & BS 648

20
• Some examples of variable actions given in MS EN 1991-1-1:2010
National Annex

21
22
23
24
• Some examples of variable actions given in BS 6399: Part 1

25
Load Path
• The load path is simply the direction in
which each consecutive load will pass
through connected members.

• The sequence commences at the highest


point of the structure working all the way
down to the footing system, ultimately
transferring the total load of the structure
to the foundations.

• Each structural member must be designed


for all loads that pass through it.

26
Load Path
• For a framed structure with columns,
beams and slabs the load path is as
follows: Load applied on slab
is transferred to the adjoining
beams. Load from the beams
is transferred to the columns supporting
the beams. Load from the columns
is transferred to the foundations.

• For a framed system with trusses, the load


from the truss is either transferred to the
adjoining beams then from the beams to
the adjoining columns, or the load from the
truss is transferred directly to the columns.

27
Load Distribution
• The term load distribution is the spreading out of a load over a
larger area. It is a key element in the design of a structural
member.

28
29
Permanent actions

On beams:
1. Ceiling boards
2. Aluminium frames
3. Secondary beams
4. Water tank

On columns:
1. Roof tiles
2. Wood frames

Variable actions

1. Service/maintenance

30
31
32
Permanent actions

On slabs:
1. Self-weight
2. Floor tiles

On beams:
1. Ceiling boards
2. Aluminium frames
3. Secondary beams
4. Load from slabs
5. Load from walls

On columns:
1. Load from beams
2. Load from roof

Variable actions

1. Furniture
2. Occupants

33
34
35
Permanent actions

On slabs:
1. Self-weight
2. Floor tiles

On beams:
1. Ceiling boards
2. Aluminium frames
3. Secondary beams
4. Load from slabs
5. Load from walls

On columns:
1. Load from beams
2. Load from roof & 1st
floor

Variable actions

1. Furniture
2. Occupants

36
37

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy