JUMP ABOARD 6

Unit one
in the cupboard
E A meaning
cupboard ‫دوالب‬ it used for store clothes
secret ‫سر‬ something that mustn’t be known
message ‫رسالة‬ written or spoking piece of information
physical education ‫تربية رياضية‬ the teaching of training people to be fit
the bell ‫الجرس‬ a hollow metal that make a ringing sound
maths ‫الرياضيات‬ the study of numbers , shapes etc
look out of ‫يدقق النظر‬ turn eyes to particular direction
weather ‫الطقس‬ the climate of place
bring ‫يحضر‬ to come with something
dark ‫مظلم‬ no light
inside ‫بالداخل‬ the oppiste of outside
tracksuit ‫زى رياضى‬ a suit for sports
fed up ‫غضبان – حزين‬ not happy
spider ‫عنكبوت‬ an insect
hate ‫يكره‬ don’t like
look like ‫يبدو مثل‬ almost the same
weird ‫عجيب‬ strange
search me ‫ال اعرف‬ I’ don’t know
dirty ‫قذر‬ not clean
costume ‫زى‬ style of clothes
score ‫يصاب بالخوف‬ to feel afraid of something
blow ‫تهب‬ to move
athletics ‫العاب القوى‬ sports such as running, jumping and throwing
equipment ‫معدات‬ tools
bat ‫مضرب الكرة‬ a piece of wood for hitting the ball
racket ‫مضرب‬ use to hit the ball
club ‫عصا الجولف‬ a stick for golf
Championship ‫بطولة‬ a competition
trophy ‫نصب تذكارى‬ sick for golf
special ‫خاص‬ not usual
professional ‫محترف‬ do something that shows skill
academy ‫اكاديمية‬ a school for special traning
midday ‫منتصف النهار‬ 12 o’clock in the middle of the day

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pet ‫حيوان اليف‬ An animal or a birds kept at home
gymnastics ‫ رياضة تقوية االجسام‬Physical exercise
Weight training ‫ رفع االثقال‬A training of heavy lifting
practice ‫ يمارس‬Doing something many times
Sport facilities ‫ مراكز الرياضة‬A building that helps in doing sports
trainers ‫ مدرب – حذاء رياضى‬Soft shoes for doing sports
sword ‫ سيف‬A piece of metal for fighting
castle ‫ قلعة‬Old big building
refuse ‫ يرفض‬Disagree
pull ‫ يدفع‬The opposite of push
push ‫ يسحب‬The opposite of pull
realize ‫ يدرك‬Understand
buried ‫ مدفون‬Something under the ground
knight ‫ فارس‬A man fight courageously
take care ‫ يرعى‬carful
agree ‫يوافق‬ accept
change to ‫يتحول الى‬ Turn into
stone ‫حجر‬ Something hard on the ground
tournament ُ ُ‫ ب‬, ‫مسابقة‬
‫طو َلة‬ competition
forget ‫ينسى‬ Can’t remember
truth ‫الحقيقة‬ Something is true
Fans ‫مشجعين‬ Sports supporters

The present simple tense

‫زمن المضارع البسيط‬

to ‫يتكون زمن المضارع البسيط من مصدر الفعل بدون‬

We play - You watch - They write -I travel

‫ ) فإن الفعل‬Heba -Ahmed-it- she- he( ‫*أما إذا كان الفاعل مفرد غائب‬
‫ينتهي بالنهايات التالية‬
)ss-sh-ch-o-x( ‫إذا كان الفعل منتهيا بـــ‬ (es(-1
He watches - She goes - the boy washes
- the carpenter fixes - Huda crosses
‫ (مسبوقة بحرف ساكن‬y ( ‫إذا كان الفعل منتهيا بــــــــ‬ )ies(-2
He studies - She tries - the baby cries
‫إذا كان الفعل منتهيا بغير ما سبق‬ (s(-3
He reads - She writes - It drinks - The boy plays
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 ‫* يستخدم زمن المضارع البسيط ليدل على‬
The earth goes round the sun ‫ حقائق ثابتة‬-1
They play tennis everyday ‫ عادة‬--2
He works as a doctor ‫ وظائف‬-3
‫الكلمات الدالة‬

Sometimes – usually – often – always – every – never – ever

- He sometimes visits his relatives. - They never shout in class.

- She often does her work properly. - He goes to school on time
everyday.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS &NEGATIVE
‫ في النفي‬doesn't,don't , ‫ في االستفهام‬does , do ‫تستخدم‬
They play tennis. He works hard.
@ Do they play tennis? @Does he work hard?
@Yes, they do. @ Yes, he does.
@No, they don't. @ No, he doesn't.

 I have PE every week.

 Who is the most famous footballer in Egypt?
 Abu Treika.
** never ……………………………………………………………
** hardly ever ……………………………………………………..
** once a week …………………………………………………….
** few times a week………………………………………………..

 How often do you use a computer ?

 I hardly ever use a computer.

 What about you ?

Do---- weight training/ karate

Special school----- for blind/ deaf / superior

Private school ----- pay a lot of money to join

Made a lot of friends

What is good about it ?
Arthur was sir Hector’s favourite.

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 The present continuous tense
‫زمن المضارع المستمر‬
‫يتكون زمن المضارع المستمر من‬
am
is V+ing
are
- I am reading a letter. @She is learning English now.
‫يستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر ليدل على‬
-We ar watching TV now ‫ حدث يحدث اآلن وو وق الكام‬- 1
-She is taking an ‫حدث سوف يحدث في المستقبل وقد تم اإلعداد له حاليا‬-2
‫ الكلمات الدالة على زمن المضارع المستمر‬exam tomorrow.
now - at the moment – at present– look – listen

*- Look ! Ahmed is coming.

*- Listen! Reham is singing.
*- They are studying French at the moment.
)‫( وفعال ال تأتي في المضارع المستمر(بل تأتي في المضارع البسيط‬

See- hear- smell- notice- taste- know- understand- remember- love –

like – seem –cost

* I have a car. *Now I understand the question. *She seems happy

at the moment.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS &NEGATIVE
‫تستخدم األفعال المساعدة لتكوين النفي و االستفهام‬
*They are reading .
- Are they reading ? Yes, they are . No they aren't.
*She is going to school .
- Is she going to school ? Yes, she is. No she isn't.
===================================
* Always = 100 % I always gets the full marks
* Usually = 90% I usually ride a bike
* Sometimes = 50% I sometimes play volleyball
* Never =0% I never use a mobile in class
===================================
* every day = 100% I use a computer every day.
* afew time = 90% I use a computer a few time a week
* once a week = 50% I go to the cinema once a week
* hardly ever = 30% I hardly ever go for a run

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 Unit two
The magic spell
E A meaning
voice ‫صوت ادمى‬ human voice
pick up ‫يلتقط‬ choose somthing which is the best
magic ‫سحر‬ the art of performing trucks
remember ‫يتذكر‬ to put in memory
come on ‫ياتى‬ when we ask someone to speak , to continue
lonely ‫منعزل‬ feeling of being alone
river ‫نهر‬ alarge natural stream of water
simple ‫سهل‬ easy
move away ‫يتحرك لمكان اخر‬ go to another place
golden ‫ذهبى‬ Shine as gold
spell ‫يتهجى‬ to form a particular word
problem ‫مشكلة‬ something dangerous
library ‫مكتبة‬ a place where you can read or borrow books
disappear ‫يختفى‬ the opposit of appear = vanish
ladder ‫خشبي سلم‬ wooden stairs
run out ‫يهرب‬ escape
ocean ‫محيط‬ A large mass of water
wait for ‫ينتظر‬ to remain in particular place
sandcastle ‫قلعة من الرمل‬ a castle with sand as a fun
fossils ‫حفريات‬ the remain of dead animals under the ground
saxophone ‫» الة موسيقية‬ a musical instrument
‫<<سكسوفون‬
differnce ‫مختلف‬ not the same
great ‫عظيم‬ wonderful
set ‫غروب الشمس‬ the sunrise
race ‫سباق‬ a competition
daylight ‫ضوء النهار‬ the light we have during the day
take part ‫يشارك‬ participate
concert ‫حفلة‬ a party for listing to music
perform ‫يؤدى‬ to do
amazing ‫مذهل‬ exciting – wonderful
trick ‫خدعة‬ something you can’t belive
earn ‫يكسب‬ to get mony by work
married ‫متزوج‬ to have a husband or wife
believe in ‫يصدق‬ you can accept the idea with your mind
vet ‫ طبيب بيطرى‬a doctor who look after animals

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 clinic ‫عيادة‬ a place where a doctor work
theatre ‫مسرح‬ a place where a magician performed his
magic show
scared of ‫خائف من‬ afraid of
monster ‫وحش‬ dangerous creature
check ‫يفحص‬ make sure
torch ‫بطارية‬ a lamp which can hold in hand
coin ‫عملة‬ metal money
wizard ‫ساحر‬ a man who has a magic power
laugh at ‫يسخر من‬ make fun of
fall off ‫يسقط‬ drop
bored ‫ممل‬ not interested
break down ‫يتوقف عن العمل‬ stop working
slave ‫عبد – خادم‬ poor man who serve the king
forest ‫غابة‬ a group of trees
lay down ‫يرقد‬ stay along
dangerous ‫خطير‬ make danger
frightened ‫خائف‬ afraid of
hold out ‫يرفع‬ the opposit of hold down
thorn ‫شوكة‬ something is sharp and very thin
hunt ‫يصطاد‬ catch
soldiers ‫جنود‬ men in army
criminal ‫مجرم‬ bad man
enormous ‫ضخم‬ very big
emperor ‫امبراطور‬ a great man
set free ‫يحرر‬ make him free
exhausted ‫مرهق‬ vert tired
fall over ‫يسقط‬ fall off
attack ‫يهاجم‬ to begin the fight
paw ‫مخلب‬ a part from animal which attack with it
pain ‫الم‬ bad feeling
capture ‫ياسر‬ to control
arena ‫حلبة‬ aplace of fighting
amazed ‫ يندهش‬- ‫يتحير‬ can’t make a decision = astonished

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 Used to + inf

They used to fight

It used to make ice
He used to play football

negative form

didn’t use to + inf

I didn’t use to enjoy french

Question form

Did use to + in
Did you use to enjoy drawing
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = == = =
When & While
While-----past cont ---------past simple
1 When Past simple Past cont
2 While Past cont Past simple
3 While Past cont Past cont
1- When the phone rang, he was doing his homework.
2 - While he was doing his homework , the phone rang.
3- While he was doing his home work, he was listening to the radio.
, his sister was watching TV.
-= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
=
==
in at on
The winter 7o’clock Friday - Monday
The afternoon Weekends Holiday
Septemper The weekend weekend
1975 night

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 Who – which – where

People who )‫ االتى ( للعاقل‬/ ‫ الذين‬/ ‫ التى‬/‫الذى‬

Things/animals which )‫ االتى ( للغير العاقل‬/ ‫ الذين‬/ ‫ التى‬/‫الذى‬
Place where )‫حيث ( للمكان‬

- A baker is a person who bakes bread

- A clinic is a place where people can see a doctor
- A camel is an animals which can live for along time without water

STUDY THE FOLLOWING:

- What’s going on?

- Kate used to play basketball?

- I was riding my bike when it started to rain.

- It is not as simple as that.

- When I was younger, I used to talk to my doll.

- Did you use to go to bed early?

- I use to -----------, I didn’t use to ---------------

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 Unit three
The recorder
E A meaning
recorder ‫ مزمار‬, ‫الة موسيقية‬ a type of musical instrument
study ‫مكان الدراسة – معمل‬ the place of study
shelves ‫ارفف‬ something we put books on it
map ‫خريطة‬ something that show the way
compass ‫بوصلة‬ a device that point to direction
point to ‫يشير الى‬ to guide to direction
trip ‫رحلة قصيرة‬ a short journey
on your own ‫بنفسك‬ by yourself
relax ‫ يستريح‬, rest, be calm
hung on ‫ ينتظر‬wait
fall asleep ‫ينام فجاة‬ sleep suddenly
in danger ‫فى خطر‬ to feel something dangerous
prefer ‫يفضل‬ like so much
a bit ‫بعض‬ some
joke ‫نكتة‬ words that make you laugh
Talent = gift ‫موهبة‬ to be naturally clever at something
grateful ‫شاكر الجميل‬ thankful
proud ‫فخور‬ pleased with something
joy ‫مرح‬ happiness
orchestra ‫ اوركسترا‬,‫ مجموعة موسيقية‬a group of musican who play together the same tune
pluck ‫ يقتلع‬- ‫ يصنع الموسيقى‬make music
greek ‫يونانى‬ From greece
war ‫حرب‬ fighting
rescue ‫ينقذ‬ save
plan ‫خطة‬ a steps you can follow them
lengend ‫اسطورة‬ an old story
trojans ‫اهل طروادة‬ people of Troy
last ‫يستمر‬ go on
pretend ‫يتظاهر‬ indicate something
come out ‫يخرج من‬ the opposit of come in
luck ‫حظ‬ chance, fortune
Concert ‫حفلة‬
perfrom ‫يؤدي حفلة‬
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Greek legend ‫اسطورة يونانية‬
troy ‫طروادة‬
Pretend ‫ يتظاهر‬Act
Smile at ‫ يبتسم ل‬to make a smiling face at someone
Drummer ‫ عازف الطبلة‬Someone who plays the drums

Must / musn’t + inf

We use must to talk about an obligation, but we use musn’t to talk

about something is not allowed

* I must study my lessons.

* I musn’t forget my books.
* I must do my homework.
* H musn’t use mobile in the class

Present continuous with future meaning

We use present continuous to talk abpout a future that is already

arranged or planned.

*I’m playing football tomorrow.

* On Monday I’m meeting my friends.
What are you doing next Friday?
I’m visiting my grandmother. -
Key words -

This evening - tomorrow – next week ,month , year…

KINDS OF MUSIC

Salsa Jazz Heavy metal

Classical music Country music POP music

Sponge pop

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 Unit four
The trip begins
E A meaning
boat ‫مركب‬ a small ship without engine
sail ‫ يبحر‬to travel by sea
grass ‫عشب‬ green plants
leaves ‫اوراق اشجار‬ plural of leaf
sharp ‫حاد‬ having a fine edge that can cut
hurt ‫يصيب‬ to cause damage
genius ‫عبقرى‬ a person who has very great
Swan ‫بجعة‬ a larg white bird with very long nick
Lake ‫بحيرة‬ a large area of water
pond ‫بركة‬ an area of water that smaller than lake
stream ‫نهر‬ a small river
waterfall ‫شال‬ the sudden drop of water
volcano ‫بركان‬ Fire
mountain ‫جبل‬ very high hill
Hill ‫تل‬ as a mountain
cave ‫كهف‬ a larg hole in the side of cliff or hill
field ‫حقل‬ a piece of land that is coverd with trees
jungle ‫غابة‬ Forest
wood ‫غابة‬ Forest
desert ‫صحراء‬ a large area of land coverd with
sand
day out ‫مرح بالخارج‬ to fun outside your home
amusement park ‫مبنى للتسلية‬ a funfair
exciting ‫مثير‬ interesting
fantastic ‫رائع‬ wonderful
crowred ‫مزدحم‬ full of people
loudspeaker ‫مكبر الصوت‬ a piece of electrical equipment for speaking
first aid ‫االسعافات االولية‬ medical help
terrible ‫فظيع‬ very bad
architect ‫مهندس معمارى‬ building engineer
ancient ‫قديم‬ very old
complicated ‫مركب‬ Complex
hide ‫يخفى‬ far from the sight
enemy ‫عدو‬ someone who form a dangerous
island ‫جزيرة‬ a place where water around it

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feathers ‫ريش‬ help birds to fly
close to ‫يقترب‬ to be near
drowned ‫غرق‬ Sink
inventor ‫مخترع‬ person creat a great something
palace ‫قصر‬ a beautifull great house
corridors ‫ممرات‬ Passage
treasure ‫كنز‬ alot of jewelleries
prisoner ‫سجين‬ a person who lost his free
wing ‫جناح‬ help birds to fly
wax ‫شمع‬ something melt to give light
melt ‫يدوب‬ Disappear
perfectly ‫باتقان‬ Acuratly
warning ‫تحذير‬ something danger

Trip ‫رحلة قصيرة‬ Bathtub ‫بانيو‬

Secret message ‫رسالة سرية‬ Pacific ocean ‫المحيط الهادي‬
Towards ‫تجاه‬ Square kilometre ‫كيلومتر مربع‬
By the river ‫بجانب النهر‬ Area ‫منطقة‬
)‫اعلى شال في العالم (فنزويا‬
Turn around ‫يدور‬ Angel falls
Pocket ‫جيب‬ Immediately ‫حاال‬
Angry with ‫غاضب من‬ Corridor ‫ممر‬
Football pitch ‫ملعب كرة القدم‬ Stream ‫مجرى مجائي‬
Patient ‫ مريض‬- ‫صبور‬ New Hampshire(NH) ‫والية نيوهامشير شمال شرق اميركا‬

Reflexive pronouns

Sub Reflex
I myself
He himself
She Herself
It Itself
We ourselves
You yourself
they themselves

We use Reflexive pronouns when the object and

subject are for the same person and also to emphasize
that you didn’t need help.
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 * She made the cake herself.
* The cat is cleaning itself.
* The door opened by itself

HOW

* how long ‫كم الطول‬

-How long is the table?
It’s about 1 meters along
* how high ‫كم االرتفاع‬
-How high is that wall ?
It’s about 3 metres high
*How deep ‫كم العمق‬
-How deep is this pool.
It’s about 7 metres deep.
*How much ‫كم الكمية‬
-How much does the hen weight?
It’s weight about 2 kilos
*How wide ‫كم العرض‬
-How wide is the blackboard?
It’s about 2 metres

What

What is the length of……… ‫ما طول‬

What is the height of ……. ‫ما ارتفاع‬
What is the depth of……. ‫ما عمق‬
What is the width of……… ‫ما عرض‬

Q-Tag
- He was ..…wasn’t he? - He wasn’t ..…, was he?
He is ..…, isn’t he? - He isn’t ..…is he?
- They play ..…don’t they? - The don’t play ..…, do they?

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 - He plays ..…doesn’t he? - He doesn’t play ..…does he?
- I came ..…, didn’t I ? - I didn’t come ..…, did I ?

- YOU NEVER PLAY..…, DO YOU?

Prefixes in--- & im---

information immediately
interesting impolite
incredible impatient
invention imagine
inquest ‫استجواب‬ impossible

Notice the following

 It is no use. …………………………………………
 It is not going to work. ……………………………
 Too right = yes, definetly.

Interesting facts
Lake Baikal Deepest lake

Sarawak cave Biggest cave

Blue whale Heaviest animal

Nile Longest river

Redwood tree Tallest tree

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 JUMP ABOARD 6 UNIT 5

Under The Sea

a long away from ‫بعيد جدا عن‬ exploration ‫استكشاف‬

disaster ‫كارثة‬ astronaut ‫رائد فضاء‬
direction ‫اتجاه‬ satellite ‫قمر صناعي‬
get bigger ‫يكبر‬ do karate ‫يمارس الكاراتيه‬
scared ‫مرعوب‬ dig – dug - dug ‫يحفر‬
rescue ‫ينقذ‬ shine-(shined) (shone) ‫ يلمع‬/ ‫تشرق‬
submarine ‫غواصة‬ have a shower ‫يستحم‬
definitely ‫بالتأكيد‬ ceiling ‫سقف‬
exactly ‫بالضبط‬ find out = discover ‫يكتشف‬
hold breathe ‫يكتم نفسه‬ ancestor ‫ جد وعلى‬,‫سلَف‬َ
dig up ‫ يجد‬- ‫يكتشف‬ AD ‫بعد المياد‬
walk on ‫يمشى‬ cave man ‫رجل كهف‬
chew ‫يمضغ‬ south pole ‫القطب الجنوبي‬
scratch ‫يخدش‬ walk across ‫يعبر‬
towel ‫فوطة‬ bracelet ‫اسورة‬
complain ‫يشتكى‬ mission ‫مهمة‬
you bet ‫ارهنك‬ ambition ‫طموح‬
decorate ‫يزين‬
powerful ‫قوي‬

ADVANCED NOTICE FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS

dig in, to maintain one's opinion or position. OR to

start eating.
dig into, Informal. to attack, work: to dig into one's
work; to dig into a meal.
dig out, to remove earth or debris ‫ أَ ْنقاض‬from by digging.
OR to find by searching: to dig out facts for a term paper.

dig up, to discover in the course of digging. OR to locate;

find: to dig up information.

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 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
I have been singing

Forming: -

subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb

have
been base + ing
has

Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous

tense:

auxiliary auxiliary main

subject
verb verb verb
for one
+ I have been waiting
hour.
+ You have been talking too much.
- It has not been raining.
- We have not been playing football.
? Have you been seeing her?
their
? Have they been doing
homework?

 I've been reading.

 The car's been giving trouble.
 We've been playing tennis for two hours.

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an

action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is
usually a result now.

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 past

Recent action.

 I'm tired [now] because I've been running.

 Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
 You don't understand [now] because you haven't been
listening.

2. An action continuing up to now

This is often used with for or since.

past

Action started in past.

 I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading

now.]
 We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still
studying now.]
 How long have you been learning English? [You are still
learning now.]
 We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

 We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2

weeks, 6 years.
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  We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9
o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for since
a period of time a point in past time
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months June
4 years 2010
2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc

Here are some examples:

 I have been studying for 3 hours.

 I have been watching TV since 7pm.
 Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.
 Tara hasn't been visiting us since March.
 He has been playing football for a long time.
 He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

Study the following:

century 100 years
a year 12 month
a month 4 weeks / 30 days
a week 7 days
a day 24 hours
an hour 60 minute
a minute 60 seconds

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How to compose an email.

 The sender: …………………………..

 The receiver: ………………………...
 The subject: …………………………

BEST WISHES

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 JUMP ABOARD 6 UNIT 6
The Lost City
Lost city stingray
further survivor
Atlantis exhausted
clue forget
bracelet bite
crazy Eureka
dangerous Halifax
tale Manchester
disappeared Lake District
legend tourist
volcano attraction
erupt professor
might be expedition
used to be exciting trip
cough unusual
sneeze library
medicine volcano
sunbath hurricane
sunburn (ed) forest fire
future snowstorm
promise damage
jungle nearby
fortunately destroy
stream spread
crocodile

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still
going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on
the present. It puts emphasis on the result.

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 Form of Present Perfect
Positive Negative Question
I have I have not Have I
I / you / we / they
spoken. spoken. spoken?
He has He has not Has he
he / she / it
spoken. spoken. spoken?

Exceptions while Adding ‘ed’

Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example
after a final e only add d love – loved
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel admit – admitted
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled travel – travelled
final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried

Use of Present Perfect

puts emphasis on the result : Example: She has written five letters.

action that is still going on : Example: School has not started yet.

action that stopped recently : Example: She has cooked dinner.

finished action that has an influence on the present:

Example: I have lost my key.

action that has taken place once, never or several times before
the moment of speaking: Example: I have never been to
Australia.

Signal Words of Present Perfect

 already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to
now
 He has just / already done his homework.
 He has never playe dtennis.
 He hasn’t ever played tennis
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 For and Since for Time

We often use for and since when talking about time.

for + period
A period is a duration of time, for example: 5 minutes, 2
weeks, 6 years. For means "from the beginning of the
period until the end of the period." For can be used with
all tenses.
since + point
A point is a precise moment in time, for example: 9
o'clock, 1st January, Monday. Since means "from a point
in the past until now." Since is normally used with
perfect tenses.

for
since
a period
a point
(from start to
(up to now)
end)
x===>|
>===<
since 9am
for 20 minutes
since Monday
for three days
since January
for 6 months
since 1997
for 4 years
since 1500
for 2 centuries
since I left school
for a long time
since the beginning of
for ever
time
etc
etc
all tenses perfect tenses only

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For can be used with all tenses. Here are a few
examples:
 They study for two hours every day.
 They are studying for three hours today.
 He has lived in Bangkok for a long time.
 He has been living in Paris for three months.
 I worked at that bank for five years.
 Will the universe continue for ever?
For is NOT used with "all day", "all the time" etc.
 I was there all day. (not *for all day)
Since is normally used with perfect tenses:
 He has been here since 9am.
 He has been working since he arrived.
 I had lived in New York since my childhood.
Since can also be used in the structure "It is [period]
since...":
 It is a year since I saw her.
 How long is it since you got married?
 (SINCE)
 1-I haven't seen my friend Ahmed since 1998.
 2- I have worked in this company since 1995.
 3-We have been in Benghazi since my birth .
 4- She has waited for her friend since 5 o'clock .
 5- He hasn't been to the sea since last summer.

 (FOR)
 1-I haven't been to Tripoli for 3 years .
 2-She has worked hard for the whole year .
 3-Ali has waited for his friend for 2 hours .
 4-I have been here for the last two months .
 5-Peter has traveled to London for 2 weeks.
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 
 Q/ Fill in the blanks with since or for:
 1. She hasn't been to Egypt …….. 2000.
 2. We have waited for you …….a long time.
 3. Peter has fixed the car …….. yesterday.
 4. I haven't changed my car……..7 years.
 5. I haven't seen my friend ……… a week .

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Direct & Indirect

He said “ I’m hungry. He said that he was hungry.
He said “ I have a bike, Ali” He told Ali that he had abike.
He said “ Open the door , He asked Fady to open the door.
Fady”
He said’ Don’t have much He asked Shahd not to have much sugar
sugar, Shahd”
“ Be polite” said the teacher The teacher asked the pupils to be polite.
to the pupils
“ We have been to a party” …………………………………………………………
Adham said
……………………………………………………..…..
“someone has drunk all the …………………………………………………………
lemonade” Renad said
…………………………………………………..…….
“I will burn you” the theif said ………………………………………………………..
Mom said to me “ Don’t go …………………………………………………………
the kitchen”
…………………………………………………..……

‫الحمد هلل الذي بنعمته تتم الصالحات‬

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