21/08/2020

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS (SoM)

Prepared By:

RAYDIANNE GALVEZ

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Objective
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• At the end of the lesson, the students are expected

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

to be:
• Determine what strength of materials is about.
• Familiarized with the topics to be discussed.
• Define the terms that are typically used for this
course.

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Strength of Materials
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Three Fundamental Areas of Engineering

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Mechanics:
• Statics of Rigid Bodies,
• Dynamics of Rigid Bodies, and
• Mechanics/Strength of Materials

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Strength of Materials
• Statics and Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Devoted primarily to the study of the external effects

upon rigid bodies.
• The former is about forces in equilibrium, the latter is
about forces in motion.
• Mechanics/Strength of Materials
• deals with the internal effects and deformations that
are caused by the applied loads.
• A machine part or structure must be strong enough to
carry the applied load without breaking and, at the
same time, the deformations must not be excessive.

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• List of topics
• Basic Concept Of Stress
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Define And Evaluate

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Simple And Bearing Stress Deformation

• Normal And Shear Stress In • Statically Indeterminate
Thin Walled Cylinder Structures
• Definition Of Strain • Torsion Stresses And
Elastic Torsion Formula

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• List of topics
• Flexural Stresses • Fixed/Restrained Beam
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Moment Equation And • Three-moment Equation

Beam Deflection • Moment Distribution
• Area Moment Theorem Method
• Double Integration • Combined Loading
Method • Riveted Connection
• Moment Diagram By Parts • Welded Connection

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Stress
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• force applied to a material, divided by

the material's cross-sectional area.
σ = stress (N/m2, Pa)
• in strength of materials, the section of the body
involved is taken into consideration unlike in
mechanics of rigid bodies, the external forces and
internal are only considered in the discussion.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

•Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

•Types of stresses
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Shear Stress
• Torsional Stress
• Bearing Stress
• Bending Stress

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Types of stresses
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Shear Stress
• force tending to cause deformation of
a material by slippage along a plane or planes
parallel to the imposed stress.
• arises whenever the applied loads cause one
section of a body to slide past its adjacent
section.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Types of stresses
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Torsional Stress
• produced when we apply the twisting
moment to the end of a shaft

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Types of stresses
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Bearing Stress
• If two bodies are pressed against each
other, compressive forces are
developed on the area of contact.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Types of Stresses
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Bending Stress
• When a beam is loaded the lie in the figure, the
member involved tends to bend wherein the top
fiber experiences compression while the bottom
fiber experiences tension.

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Strain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• the response of a system to an applied

stress.
• the amount of deformation in the
direction of the applied force divided by
the initial length of the material.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Deformation
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• refers to the change in size or shape of

an object.

• Types of Deformation
• Elastic Deformation
• True stress and strain
• Plastic Deformation
• Fracture

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Types of Deformation
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Elastic Deformation
• Type of deformation where strain is
small which makes deformation only
temporary.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Types of Deformation
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Plastic Deformation
• type of deformation which is not undone
simply by removing the applied force.
• When this type of deformation happens,
it means the object involved has reached
its elastic limit and it will not return to its
original shape.

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
• Types of Deformation
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Fracture
• This type of deformation is irreversible
since a break has already occurred.
• The object involved has surpassed its
elastic and plastic limit.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Statically Indeterminate Structures

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• the one in which reactions and internal forces can be

determined solely from free-body diagrams and
equations of equilibrium.
• Structurally indeterminate beam
• if the structure can not be analyzed from principles of
statics alone.
Σ H = 0, Σ V = 0 and Σ M = 0

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Flexural Stress
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Stress experienced by the involved body due to

bending.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
• Beam Deflection
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• In this topic, the deflection of beam due to the weight it is

carrying will be calculated and compared to the beam’s
allowable deflection.
• refers to the movement of a beam or node from its original
position due to the forces and loads being applied to the
member.
• also known as displacement.
• calculated by taking the double integral of the Bending
Moment Equation, M(x) divided by EI (Young’s Modulus x
Moment of Inertia).

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Area Moment Theorem

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• way to find slopes and deflections without having to go

through a full process of integration.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Double Integration Method

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• powerful tool in solving deflection and slope of a beam at

any point because we will be able to get the equation of the
elastic curve.
• First integration of the equation at a certain distance will
give the slope of the beam and the 2nd integration will give
the deflection of the beam.

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Moment by Parts Method

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Method of defining the slope and

deflection of a beam at a certain point
by separately calculating the moment
created by each load in reference of
the said point being assessed.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
• Fixed/Restrained Beam
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Beam that is fixed at both ends.

• Considered an indeterminate beam.
• Support reactions cannot be determined merely by using the
3 working equations since there are more than 3 unknowns.

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 21/08/2020

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
• Fixed/Restrained Beam
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Beam that is fixed at both ends.

• Considered an indeterminate beam.
• Support reactions cannot be determined merely by using the
3 working equations since there are more than 3 unknowns.

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
• 3-Moment Equation
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• structural analysis method for statically indeterminate

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

beams.
• analyzes two adjoining spans of the beam to find the
relationship between the internal moments at each of the
supports and the loads applied to the beam.

• Moment Distribution Method

• structural analysis method for statically indeterminate beams
and frames.

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INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
• Combined Load
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• In previous discussions, the 3 basic types of load is discussed as if

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

they are acting separately on a structure each time. In this topic,

some of the these forces will be applied on a structure
simultaneously.

• Combinations of Loadings
• Axial and Flexural
• Axial and Torsional
• Torsional and Flexural
• Axial, Torsional, and Flexural

INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SoM)

• Definition of terms
• Riveted and Welded Connection
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• Similarities
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Both are intended to join pieces of metals without using any

chemicals.
• Both are permanent.

• Differences
• Holes are put on the metals in order to be pinned by the bolts
while weld uses heat to fuse the pieces of metals involved.
• Strength of connected through rivet connection is weaker
compared to welded connection.

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