Building Technology 1 wood glued together, usually with the

grains of adjoining layers at right angles

 EARTH BAG CONSTRUCTION
 FIBERS
- a type of construction where-in recycled
- a material that are continuous filament or
sack is used and filled with gravel
are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to
 AUTOMOBILE TIRES
lengths of thread
- used as a primary recycled material
 MARINE PLYWOOD
rammed with packed earth in building block
- a type of plywood that is waterproofed
construction
 HARD BOARD
 RECYCLE GLASS
- it is made from processed wood chips
- used as aggregates in concrete, sub-base
 SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
course and reflectorized pavement
- building material that are man-made
markings
products
 AGGREGATES
 NATURAL MATERIAL
- these are inert materials mixed with
- building material which are unprocessed
cement and water to make concrete
 ROCK
 CONCRETE
- building material which main drawback is
- an artificial stone made by binding
its weight and awkwardness
together particles of some inert material
 WOOD
with a paste made of cement and water
- a product of trees and sometimes other
 COMPOST
fibrous plants, used for construction
- used as loam improvement
purposes
 BLAST SURFACE SLAG
 BRICKS
- used as an additive to cement concrete
- a block made of kiln-fires material, usually
 GLASS BLOCK
clay of shall, but also may be of lower
- an architectural element made from glass
quality, ex. Mud
used in areas where privacy or visual
 CONCRETE
obscuration is desired while admitting light
- a composite material made from the
 TEMPERED GLASS
combination of aggregate and a binder such
- type of glass that has increased strength
as cement
and will usually shatter in small, square
 STEEL
pieces when broken
- a building material used as structural
 GLASS
framework for larger building such as
- generally refers to hard, brittle
skyscrapers
transparent material
 CURTAIN WALL
 CLAY
- a system of construction used to cover the
- a material that keeps temperature at a
entire façade of a building
constant level, a good thermal mass
 CERAMICS
 BRICK
- processed in a specialized form of clay
- porosity is an important characteristic of
pottery firing in kiln
this material and well known for their high
 FOAM
compressive strength
- it is usually used as part of the structural
 PLYWOOD
insulated panel where it is sandwiched
- a structural material made of layer of
between wood and cement
  VISUAL MATERIAL  PARTITION FRAME
- classified as photographs, images, text - the inner wall dividing the structure into
 BUILDING PRODUCT rooms
- are often refers to the ready-made  TRUSS
particles/sections, made from various - braced framework made up of triangles
materials that are fitted architecturally and and it holds up the roof; engineered and
decoratively manufactured roof support members with
 AGGREGATES zigzag framing members that form a rigid
- classified as sand crushed stone, gravel, frameworks
slag, ashes  DOWN SPOUT
 REINFORCED CONCRETE - water collector at the eaves of the
- concrete that includes imbedded metal building; a pipe, usually of metal for
carrying rainwater down the roof’s
Building Technology 2
horizontal gutters
 FOUNDATION  CEILING
- the critical link in the transmission of - upper interior space in the room
building loads down to the ground  EAVES
- the supporting portion of a structure - horizontal exterior roof overhang
below the first floor construction or below  TREADS
grade including the footing - part of the stair you step on when going
 WEB REINFORCEMENT up or down the stairs
- also called as stirrups  BALUSTERS
 LINTEL BEAM - part of the stair which support the ends of
- type of beam which is above the door sill the hand rail
 UNDISTURBED SOIL  BOTTOM CHORD
- where footing should always rest on - lower or bottom horizontal member of a
 ORIENTING A BUILDING truss
- procedure to determine the construction  BEAM
of the building in relation to existing - a structure member transversely
building supporting the loads
 GROUND LINE  BED ROCK
- the natural contour of the ground - refer to the soil directly beneath the
 GRADE LINE footing
- level of the ground after filling  CEILING JOIST
 BATTER BOARDS - one of the series of parallel framing
- horizontal boards placed at corner and at member used to support ceiling loads and
the side of the building supported in turn by larger beams, girder
 PLUMB BOB and bearing walls
- transferring of oriented line to the top of  COLUMN
the batter board - a perpendicular supporting member,
 GIRDER circular or rectangular in section usually
- beam which support the floor joist and tie consisting of a base, shaft and capital
the post together  REFERENCE POST
- a long piece of wood or other material set
 up right into the ground to serve as markers Building Technology 3
or supports
 SETTLEMENT
 PURLINS
- the downward movement of a building to
- the horizontal member attached
appoint below its original position
perpendicular to the truss top chord for
 FOUNDATION
support of the roofing
- a device at the base of structure which
 RAFTER
transmit the load to the soil which is resting
- a sloping roof member that support the
on it
roofs covering which extends from the ridge
 FOOTING
or the hip of the roof of the eaves
- a part of foundation system where
 REINFORCE BARS
columns, pier or wall are at rest
- steel bars used in concrete construction to
 BEAM
provide additional load
- a horizontal structural member which
 ROOF
transfers load from above to its bearing
- the exterior surface and its supporting
points
structure on the top of the building
 COLUMN
 GUTTER
- a major part of a building that is good in
- a shallow channel or conduit of metal or
compression rather than tension
concrete set below and along the eaves of a
 CANTILEVER BEAM
house to catch and carry off rainwater from
- a horizontal structural member supported
the roof
at one end only; these beams are supported
 CONCRETE SLAB
at one end only or they may be that portion
- concrete pavement, i.e. driveway, garage,
of beams projecting beyond on of its
and basement floor
support
 LAYING OUT A BUILDING
 GIRDER
- process of locating the place of the
- a type of beam which carries another
foundation
beam
 REFERENCE BOARDS
 BED ROCK
- are horizontal boards placed at corners
- a type of soil which has a bearing capacity
and at the side of the building where final
of 4,00 PSF
layout takes place
 SAND AND GRAVEL
 FRAMING SQUARE
- the best type of soil for foundations
- used in squaring layout lines
 SOIL COMPACTION
 FOOTING
- another type of soil improvement
- is the widened base of a foundation
 SOILT TEST
 WALL FOOTING
- type of soil test essential in determining
- a strip of reinforced concrete wider than
types and depth of foundation
wall which distributes the load to the soil
 SOIL IMPROVEMENT
- used in reducing liquefaction hazards to
avoid large increase in pure water pressure
during earthquake shaking
 GROUT
- defined as the injection of a special liquid
 ADMIXTURE  LOAD
- Portland cement is the most common - equivalent to construction if in physics it is
materials for this; material other than the force
water, aggregate or hydraulic cement, used  METHOD IN SOIL IMPROVEMENT
as in ingredient of concrete and added - Compaction Piles; Over Excavation;
concrete before or during its mixture to Dynamic Compaction
modify its properties; substances added to  CONTINUOUS BEAM
cements, mortars, concrete for the purpose - refers to a beam with two spans with or
of improving or imparting particular without restraint at the two extreme ends;
properties such as: workability, durability, these are beams resting on more than two
etc. supports. The terms “semi-continuous” is
 EXCAVATION also frequently used in reinforced concrete
- the removal of earth or soil from its  VERTICAL EXCAVATION
natural position; it is the process of digging - it is the ideal choice for any excavation
the earth to provide a place for the project which takes place in large urban
foundation of the building setting with high level of residential and
 OPEN EXCAVATION commercial occupancy
- a type of excavation having a depth which  LIVE LOAD
exceeds it width measurement at the - a weight or mass that is supported
bottom  COMPACTION GROUTING
 SHORING - it is a good option if the foundation of an
- a support system used to prevent existing building requires improvement
movement of soil  COFFERDAMS
 SHEETHING - an excavation method commonly used in
- the most effective means of creating walls waterlogged sites where it helps to provide
for tunnel structural strength
 SHIELDING  STEEL PARS
- another name for shoring - the most commonly used reinforcing
 DYNAMIC materials for most construction in various
- a system which is performed by dropping structures
a heavy weight concrete or steel from  COMPOSITE COLUMN
heights of 30-100 ft. - type of column when structural steel is
 TENSION CRACKS embedded in to the concrete core of the
- cracks usually form at the horizontal spiral column
distance of 0.5 to 0.75 times the depth the  PILE OR PIER FOUNDATION
trench - it is intended to transmit structural loads
 MAT FOOTING through the upper zone of poor soil to a
- where the building should rest if the soil is depth
found to be loose fine sand; a type of  HORIZONTAL EXCAVATION
foundation that can be considered a large - it is preferred choice for project involving
footing extending over a great area, shallow sites with a light or non-existent
frequently an entire building. All vertical residential and commercial population
structural loadings from columns and walls  STEP TRENCHING
are supported on the common foundation - commonly used by modern construction
workers being employed when digging is
 required, derived its name from the unique that harvest natural lighting and promotes
steps formed in the process of digging energy efficient design
 MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION  REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
- is classified as a large footing extending - a plan that shows location of lights and
over a wide area of the building itself other features of a ceiling
 LARGE TREES  FIREWALL
- these indicate solid ground - a wall designed that prevents the spread
 CONVEX TERRAIN of fire to another structure
- dry, solid place to build  PLUMBING LAW
 CONCAVE TERRAIN - Republic Act No. 1378
- wet, soft place to build  PLUMBING
 STEEP TERRAIN - the art and technique of installing pipes,
- costly excavations, potential erosions and fixtures and other apparatuses in buildings
sliding soils for bringing in the supply of liquids,
 FLOATING FOUNDATION substances, and/or ingredients and
- special type of foundation applied in removing them, and such water, liquid and
location where deep deposit of other carried-wastes hazardous to health,
compressible cohesive soil exists and the sanitation , life and property pipes and
use of pile is impractical fixtures after installation
 FASTENERS  WOODS THAT ARE USED FOR
- term used for both rivets and bolts CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
 CAISSON - Mahogany; Yakal; The Great Old Oak Tree
- is a structural box ore chamber that is  GRANITE
sunk in place or built in place - commonly used in kitchen counter tops
 DEAD LOAD  GLASS BLOCKS
- the weight of the structure itself - glass that can redirect the sunlight
 LALLY COLUMN towards a given space
- is a fabricated post made of steel pipe  LOCK INSIDE
provided with a plain flat steel bar or plate - locks used in toilet
which hold a girder, beam or girt  PD 1185
 SCAFFOLDING - Fire Code of the Philippines
- required for access mainly to construct  PD 1096
walls, upper floors when brickworks - National Building Code
exceeds chest level above the ground  COMMONLY USED AS EXTERIOR WALL
 VOLUMETRIC EXPANSION - Shear wall; Precast concrete wall; Dry wall
- it is preferred choice for project involving  RIPRAP
shallow sites with a light or non-existent - used to prevent soil erosion in creeks
residential and commercial population  5 YEARS
 PALITADA - normal length of warranty for roof deck
- vernacular term for CHB laying waterproofing
 ASTM  ARCHITECT
- American Society for Testing Materials - the one who prepares and sign all
 SKYLIGHT architectural drawings
- a window attached horizontally to the roof  6 SETS
- sets of construction drawings a
 client/owner should submit to the Building  HULOG
Official for the acquisition of the Building - vernacular term to determine vertical
Permit alignment
 SLAB SOFFIT  SEISMIC GAP
- another term for under slab - a gap between two connecting slabs
 BUILDING OFFICIAL  BEST SOLUTION IF IN A CERTAIN PROJECT
- the one who approves and issue Building THAT CONCRETE STRENGTH OF THE
Permit COLUMN DOES NOT PASS THE SPECIFIC
 COMMONLY USED TO LESSEN THE HEAT MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
INSIDE A ROOM - File a report to stating the issue at hand
- Double Foil Bubble Insulation Reflective and the recommendation for the
Wrap immediately demolishment the said
 6” OR 4” CHB WALL column.
- a wall that should be used to reduce the  PANEL DOOR WITH PANIC BAR
sound of flushing generated from the toilet - door used in fire exits
 SUMP PIT  VOLUME
- it is commonly located at basement and - the amount of space measured in cubic
absorbs or collects excess or unnecessary units
surface water  FAÇADE
 BUHOS - full elevation or face of the building
- vernacular term for concrete pouring  TOLERANCE
 BLOCKOUTS - the acceptable variance of dimensions
- a floor opening where all utilities passes from the approved standard size
through from one floor to another  GYPSUM BOARD
 HALF BATH - a wallboard with a gypsum plaster core
- Lavatory and Water Closet bonded to layers of paper or fiberboard;
 REFLECTIVE GLASS used instead of plaster or wallboard to
- kind of window wherein in the morning, make interior walls
exterior can be viewed and at night,  OCCUPANT LOAD
reflection of yourself can be seen - referred to as by the total number of
 HAMMER persons that may occupy a building or a
- striking tool portion thereof at any one time as per PD
 RISER 1096
- in designing a stair, to find the number of  LATRINE
stairs, divide the height of the stair by the - a water closet consisting of a continuous
height of each trough containing water. The trough
 STEEP GABLE ROOF ON METAL FRAMING extends under two or more adjacent seats
- roofing system used when building a  SEPTIC TANK
structure in a heavy forested area - is a watertight receptacle, which receives
 TILE ADHESIVE the discharge of a plumbing system or part
- used for bonding ceramic tiles on walls thereof, and is designed and constructed so
and floors as to separate solids from the liquid digest
 S2S the organic matter through a period of
- Smooth to Smooth Sides detention, and allows the effluent to
discharge into a storm drain; or directly to
 the ground outside the tank through a  PLAIN OR MASS CONCRETE
system of joint or perforated piping - a concrete without reinforcement
 VENT  FINE AGGREGATE
- a pipe or opening used to ensuring the - type of aggregate smaller than ¼” in size
circulation of air in plumbing system and for consist of sand, stone screenings or other
reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals inert materials of similar characteristics
 ROUGHING-IN  COURSE AGGREGATE
- the installation of all pipes in the plumbing - type of aggregate larger than ¼’ in size
system that are in partitions and under consist of crush stones, gravel or other
floors. It includes the plumbing work done similar characteristics
before the setting of the fixtures, or  SLUMP TEST
finishing - it is a test used in measuring the
 HOUSE DRAIN consistency of a concrete mix, defined as
- part of the lowest horizontal piping of a the state of fluidity of the mix
plumbing system which receives the  CEMENT PLASTER
discharge from soil, waste, and other - it is a proportioned mixture of cement,
drainage pipes fine aggregate and water
 GLAZING  CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT
- the placing of glass in windows and doors - Concrete Hollow Block international name
 STACK  STAKES
- another name for installed vertical pipe - are wooden used as posts sharpened at
 BP 344 one end driven into the ground to serve as
- Accessibility Law boundaries or supports of the batter boards
 POST-TENSIONING  STRING
- is a method of reinforcing (strengthening) - are either plastic cords or galvanized wires
concrete or other materials with high- strung across batter boards and used to
strength steel strands or bars, typically indicate the outline of the building wall and
referred to as tendons foundation
 TROWEL  BATTER BOARDS
- tool used in finishing the surface of the - board nailed horizontally at the stake
plaster to the required smoothness which serve as the horizontal plane where
 SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH the reference point of building
- it is the only all-steel church or basilica in measurements are established
Asia. Also, the first prefabricated building in  FORMWORKS
the world and more plausibly claimed as the - used to shape and support fresh concrete
only prefabricated steel church in the world until cured and able to support itself
 CONCRETE  ½” THICK
- a proportioned mixture of cement, - thickness of plywood forms used where
aggregate and water, which when properly smooth surface is required, should be
proportioned, is at first a plastic mass which waterproof, Grade “A”
can be cast or moulded into predetermined  FOUNDATION BED
size or shape - a natural material on which the
 REINFORCED CONCRETE construction rest
- a concrete strengthened by having steel  GRADE BEAM
embedded - part of a foundation system which
 supports the exterior wall of the  STRIP FOOTING
superstructure and bears directly on the - is a continuous spread footing of
column footing foundation walls
 FOUNDATION WALL  COMBINED FOOTING
- part of the building foundation which - supporting two or more columns. This
forms the permanent retaining wall of the type of footing is used where it is not
structure below the grade possible to center the footing beneath its
 WATER TABLE supported column as in the case of columns
- level beneath which soil is saturated with located at or near the property line
groundwater  CANTILEVERED FOOTING
 DENSITY - this type of footing may be used in place
- the critical factoring determining the of a combined footing under the same
bearing capacity of granular soils conditions. The footing of exterior and
 DEWATERING interior column as in the case of columns
- refers to the process of lowering a water located at or near the property line
table of preventing an excavation from  MAT FOUNDATION
filling with ground water - this type of foundation is employed on soil
 WALL FOOTING with low bearing capacity where there is a
- it is a strip of reinforced concrete wider tendency towards unequal settlement due
than the wall which distributes the load to to unequal loading of soil
the soil  PILE FOUNDATION
 DOWEL - it is a system of end bearing or friction
- short reinforcing bars of steel which piles, pile caps and tie beams for
extend approximately equally into two transferring building loads to a suitable
abutting pieces of concrete, to increase the beating stratum
strength of joint  PILE CAP
 LINTEL - a slab or connecting beam which covers
- a horizontal structural member (such as the head of the group piles, tying them
beam) over an opening which carries the together so that the structural load is
weight of the wall above it. Usually of steel, distributed and they will act as a single unit
stone or wood  SIMPLE BEAM
 ISOLATION JOINTS - these are beams having a single span with
- it is often called expansion joints. It allows support at each end, there being no
movement to occur between a concrete restraint at the supports
slab and adjoining columns and walls of the  BENT BAR
building - it is a longitudinal bars bent to an angle of
 SPREAD FOUNDATION 30 degrees or more with the axis of a
- this type of foundation is employed when concrete beam, perpendicular to and
stable soil of adequate bearing capacity intersecting the cracking that could occur
occurs relatively n ear the ground surface from the diagonal section
 ISOLATED FOOTING
- are spread footings supporting free-
standing columns and piers